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21: 18.39 Applications in the Physical Sciences

… ►The discrete variable representations (DVR) analysis is simplest when based on the classical OP’s with their analytically known recursion coefficients (Table 3.5.17_5), or those non-classical OP’s which have analytically known recursion coefficients, making stable computation of the $x_i$ and $w_i$, from the J-matrix as in §3.5(vi), straightforward. …, the J-matrix elements) as in Gautschi (1968), Golub and Welsch (1969), Gordon (1968). … ►

§18.39(iv) Coulomb–Pollaczek Polynomials and J-Matrix Methods

… ►

Discretized and Continuum Expansions of Scattering Eigenfunctions in terms of Pollaczek Polynomials: J-matrix Theory

… ►As this follows from the three term recursion of (18.39.46) it is referred to as the J-Matrix approach, see (3.5.31), to single and multi-channel scattering numerics. …

22: 32.8 Rational Solutions

… ►

32.8.8 $$\sum _{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{p}_m(z){\lambda }^m=\exp \left(z\lambda -\frac{4}{3}{\lambda }^3\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\exp z$: exponential function, $m$: integer, $z$: real and $p_m(z)$: polynomials

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.8.E8

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §32.8(ii), §32.8 and Ch.32

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32.8.10 $${\tau }_n(z)=𝒲\left\{p_1(z),p_3(z),\mathrm{\dots },p_{2n-1}(z)\right\}.$$

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Symbols:

$𝒲$: Wronskian, $n$: integer, $z$: real, $p_m(z)$: polynomials and ${\tau }_n(z)$: determinant

Referenced by:

§32.8(ii), Erratum (V1.2.0) for Equations (32.8.10), (32.10.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.8.E10

Encodings:

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Clarification (effective with 1.2.0):

The right-hand side of this equation, which was originally written as a matrix determinant, was rewritten using the Wronskian determinant notation.

See also:

Annotations for §32.8(ii), §32.8 and Ch.32

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23: 1.18 Linear Second Order Differential Operators and Eigenfunction Expansions

… ►where $\widehat{f}({\lambda }_n)$= $\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi }}{\int }_0^{\pi }f(y){\mathrm{e}}^{-2\mathrm{i}ny}dy=⟨f,{\varphi }_{\exp }(n)⟩$, being that of (1.8.3) and (1.8.4). … ►this being a matrix element of the resolvent $F(T)={\left(z-T\right)}^{-1}$, this being a key quantity in many parts of physics and applied math, quantum scattering theory being a simple example, see Newton (2002, Ch. 7). … ►This is accomplished by the variable change $x\to x{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\theta }$, in $ℒ$, which rotates the continuous spectrum ${𝝈}_c\to {𝝈}_c{\mathrm{e}}^{-2\mathrm{i}\theta }$ and the branch cut of (1.18.66) into the lower half complex plain by the angle $-2\theta$, with respect to the unmoved branch point at $\lambda =0$; thus, providing access to resonances on the higher Riemann sheet should $\theta$ be large enough to expose them. … … ►In unusual cases $N=\mathrm{\infty }$, even for all $\mathrm{\ell }$, such as in the case of the Schrödinger–Coulomb problem ($V=-r^{-1}$) discussed in §18.39 and §33.14, where the point spectrum actually accumulates at the onset of the continuum at $\lambda =0$, implying an essential singularity, as well as a branch point, in matrix elements of the resolvent, (1.18.66). …

24: Bibliography B

… ►

Approximating the matrix Fisher and Bingham distributions: Applications to spherical regression and Procrustes analysis. J. Multivariate Anal. 41 (2), pp. 314–337.

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External Links:

ISSN 0047-259X, Document, MathReview (A. L. Rukhin), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§35.10, §35.9.

Encodings:

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Semiclassical asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials, Riemann-Hilbert problem, and universality in the matrix model. Ann. of Math. (2) 150 (1), pp. 185–266.

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External Links:

ISSN 0003-486X, Document, MathReview (Thomas Kriecherbauer), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.32.

Encodings:

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Proofs and Confirmations: The Story of the Alternating Sign Matrix Conjecture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

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External Links:

ISBN 0-521-66170-6; 0-521-66646-5, MathReview (George E. Andrews), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§1.3(ii), §26.10(ii), §26.10(iii), §26.12(i), §26.12(ii), §26.12(iii), §26.19, §26.20, §26.9(iii), Profile David M. Bressoud.

Encodings:

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One- and two-electron photoejection from ${\mathrm{H}}^{-}$: A multichannel $J$-matrix calculation. Phys. Rev. A 14, pp. 2159–2173.

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External Links:

Document, Link

Referenced by:

§18.39(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Laplace approximations for hypergeometric functions with matrix argument. Ann. Statist. 30 (4), pp. 1155–1177.

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External Links:

ISSN 0090-5364, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§35.6(iv), §35.7(iv), §35.7(iv), §35.9.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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25: 18.36 Miscellaneous Polynomials

… ►

§18.36(iv) Orthogonal Matrix Polynomials

►These are matrix-valued polynomials that are orthogonal with respect to a square matrix of measures on the real line. Classes of such polynomials have been found that generalize the classical OP’s in the sense that they satisfy second order matrix differential equations with coefficients independent of the degree. … ►implying that, for $n\ge k$, the orthogonality of the $L_n^{(-k)}\left(x\right)$ with respect to the Laguerre weight function $x^{-k}{\mathrm{e}}^{-x}$, $x\in [0,\mathrm{\infty })$. … ►

18.36.3 $${\widehat{W}}_k(x)=\frac{x^k{\mathrm{e}}^{-x}}{{(x+k)}^2},$$ $k>0,x\in [0,\mathrm{\infty })$.

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Symbols:

$[a,b)$: half-closed interval, $\in$: element of, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $k$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.36.E3

Encodings:

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Addition (effective with 1.2.0):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §18.36(vi), §18.36(vi), §18.36 and Ch.18

…

26: Errata

… ►

The following additions were made in Chapter 18:

• In Subsection 18.2(i), Equation (18.2.1_5); the paragraph title “Orthogonality on Finite Point Sets” has been changed to “Orthogonality on Countable Sets”, and there are minor changes in the presentation of the final paragraph, including a new equation (18.2.4_5). The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iii) has changed, Equation (18.2.5_5) was added and an extra paragraph on standardizations has been included. The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iv) has changed and it has been expanded with two extra paragraphs and several new equations, (18.2.9_5), (18.2.11_1)–(18.2.11_9). Subsections 18.2(v) (with (18.2.12_5), (18.2.14)–(18.2.17)) and 18.2(vi) (with (18.2.17)–(18.2.20)) have been expanded. New subsections, 18.2(vii)–18.2(xii), with Equations (18.2.21)–(18.2.46),

• A new introduction, minor changes in the presentation, and three new paragraphs.

• Extra details for Chebyshev polynomials, and Equations (18.5.4_5), (18.5.11_1)–(18.5.11_4), (18.5.17_5).

• Line numbers and two extra rows were added to Table 18.8.1.

• Subsection 18.9(i) has been expanded, and 18.9(iii) has some additional explanation. Equations (18.9.2_1), (18.9.2_2), (18.9.18_5) and Table 18.9.2 were added.

• Three extra generating functions, (18.12.2_5), (18.12.3_5), (18.12.17).

• Equation (18.14.3_5). New subsection, 18.14(iv), with Equations (18.14.25)–(18.14.27).

• Equation (18.15.4_5).

• The title of Subsection 18.16(iii) was changed from “Ultraspherical and Legendre” to “Ultraspherical, Legendre and Chebyshev”. New subsection, 18.16(vii) Discriminants, with Equations (18.16.19)–(18.16.21).

• Extra explanatory text at many places and seven extra integrals (18.17.16_5), (18.17.21_1)–(18.17.21_3), (18.17.28_5), (18.17.34_5), (18.17.41_5).

• Extra explanatory text at several places and the title of Subsection 18.18(iv) was changed from “Connection Formulas” to “Connection and Inversion Formulas”.

• A new introduction.

• Equation (18.21.13).

• Extra explanatory text in Subsection 18.25(i) and the title of Subsection 18.25(ii) was changed from “Weights and Normalizations: Continuous Cases” to “Weights and Standardizations: Continuous Cases”.

• In Subsection 18.26(i) an extra paragraph on dualities has been included, with Equations (18.26.4_1), (18.26.4_2).

• Extra text at the start of this section and twenty seven extra formulas, (18.27.4_1), (18.27.4_2), (18.27.6_5), (18.27.9_5), (18.27.12_5), (18.27.14_1)–(18.27.14_6), (18.27.17_1)–(18.27.17_3), (18.27.20_5), (18.27.25), (18.27.26), (18.28.1_5).

• A big expansion. Six extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(ii) ((18.28.6_1)–(18.28.6_5)) and three extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(viii) ((18.28.21)–(18.28.23)). New subsections, 18.28(ix)–18.28(xi), with Equations (18.28.23)–(18.28.34).

• Originally this section did not have subsections. The original seven formulas have now more explanatory text and are split over two subsections. New subsections 18.30(iii)–18.30(viii), with Equations (18.30.8)–(18.30.31).

• This short section has been expanded, with Equation (18.32.2).

• Additional references and a new large subsection, 18.33(vi), including Equations (18.33.17)–(18.33.32).

• This section has been expanded, including an extra orthogonality relations (18.34.5_5), (18.34.7_1)–(18.34.7_3).

• This section on Pollaczek polynomials has been significantly updated with much more explanations and as well to include the Pollaczek polynomials of type 3 which are the most general with three free parameters. The Pollaczek polynomials which were previously treated, namely those of type 1 and type 2 are special cases of the type 3 Pollaczek polynomials. In the first paragraph of this section an extensive description of the relations between the three types of Pollaczek polynomials is given which was lacking previously. Equations (18.35.0_5), (18.35.2_1)–(18.35.2_5), (18.35.4_5), (18.35.6_1)–(18.35.6_6), (18.35.10).

• This section on miscellaneous polynomials has been expanded with new subsections, 18.36(v) on non-classical Laguerre polynomials and 18.36(vi) with examples of exceptional orthogonal polynomials, with Equations (18.36.1)–(18.36.10). In the titles of Subsections 18.36(ii) and 18.36(iii) we replaced “OP’s” by “Orthogonal Polynomials”.

• The paragraphs of Subsection 18.38(i) have been re-ordered and one paragraph was added. The title of Subsection 18.38(ii) was changed from “Classical OP’s: Other Applications” to “Classical OP’s: Mathematical Developments and Applications”. Subsection 18.38(iii) has been expanded with seven new paragraphs, and Equations (18.38.4)–(18.38.11).

• This section was completely rewritten. The previous 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics has been replaced by Subsections 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics and 18.39(ii) A 3D Separable Quantum System, the Hydrogen Atom, containing the same essential information; the original content of the subsection is reproduced below for reference. Subsection 18.39(ii) was moved to 18.39(v) Other Applications. New subsections, 18.39(iii) Non Classical Weight Functions of Utility in DVR Method in the Physical Sciences, 18.39(iv) Coulomb–Pollaczek Polynomials and J-Matrix Methods; Equations (18.39.7)–(18.39.48); and Figures 18.39.1, 18.39.2.

  The original text of 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics was:

  “Classical OP’s appear when the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved by separation of variables. Consider, for example, the one-dimensional form of this equation for a particle of mass $m$ with potential energy $V(x)$:

  errata.1 $$\left(\frac{-{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}{2m}\frac{{\partial }^2}{{\partial x}^2}+V(x)\right)\psi (x,t)=i\mathrm{\hslash }\frac{\partial }{\partial t}\psi (x,t),$$

  where $\mathrm{\hslash }$ is the reduced Planck’s constant. On substituting $\psi (x,t)=\eta (x)\zeta (t)$, we obtain two ordinary differential equations, each of which involve the same constant $E$. The equation for $\eta (x)$ is

  errata.2 $$\frac{d^2\eta }{{dx}^2}+\frac{2m}{{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}\left(E-V(x)\right)\eta =0.$$

  For a harmonic oscillator, the potential energy is given by

  errata.3 $$V(x)=\frac{1}{2}m{\omega }^2{x}^2,$$

  where $\omega$ is the angular frequency. For (18.39.2) to have a nontrivial bounded solution in the interval , the constant $E$ (the total energy of the particle) must satisfy

  errata.4 $$E=E_n=\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)\mathrm{\hslash }\omega ,$$ $n=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

  The corresponding eigenfunctions are

  errata.5 $${\eta }_n(x)={\pi }^{-\frac{1}{4}}{2}^{-\frac{1}{2}n}{(n!b)}^{-\frac{1}{2}}{H}_n\left(x/b\right){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2/2b^2},$$

  where $b={(\mathrm{\hslash }/m\omega )}^{1/2}$, and $H_n$ is the Hermite polynomial. For further details, see Seaborn (1991, p. 224) or Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 71-72).

  A second example is provided by the three-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation

  errata.6 $${\nabla }^2\psi +\frac{2m}{{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}\left(E-V(𝐱)\right)\psi =0,$$

  when this is solved by separation of variables in spherical coordinates (§1.5(ii)). The eigenfunctions of one of the separated ordinary differential equations are Legendre polynomials. See Seaborn (1991, pp. 69-75).

  For a third example, one in which the eigenfunctions are Laguerre polynomials, see Seaborn (1991, pp. 87-93) and Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 76-80 and 320-323).”

• The old section is now Subsection 18.40(i) and a large new subsection, 18.40(ii), on the classical moment problem has been added, with formulae (18.40.1)–(18.40.10) and Figures 18.40.1, 18.40.2.

…

27: 26.13 Permutations: Cycle Notation

… ►An explicit representation of $\sigma$ can be given by the $2\times n$ matrix: … ►

26.13.4 $$d(n)=n!\sum _{j=0}^n{(-1)}^j\frac{1}{j!}=\lfloor \frac{n!+\mathrm{e}-2}{\mathrm{e}}\rfloor .$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\lfloor x\rfloor$: floor of $x$ , $j$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $d(n)$: derangement number

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.13.E4

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §26.13 and Ch.26

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28: Bibliography

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The $J$-Matrix Method. Developments and Applications. Springer-Verlag.

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External Links:

ISBN 978-1-4020-6072-4

Referenced by:

§18.39(iv).

Encodings:

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Integrals involving Bickley and Bessel functions in radiative transfer, and generalized exponential integral functions. J. Heat Transfer 118 (3), pp. 789–792.

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External Links:

Document

Referenced by:

§10.73(iv), §8.24(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Uniform asymptotic expansions for exponential integrals $E_n(x)$ and Bickley functions ${\mathrm{Ki}}_n(x)$ . ACM Trans. Math. Software 9 (4), pp. 467–479.

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External Links:

ISSN 0098-3500, Document, MathReview (Marietta J. Tretter), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.43(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Algorithm 556: Exponential integrals. ACM Trans. Math. Software 6 (3), pp. 420–428.

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Notes:

Single-precision Fortran, maximum accuracy 14S. For a Remark see same journal v. 9 (1983), no. 4, p. 525.

External Links:

ISSN 0098-3500, Document, Remark,GAMS (module 556; package TOMS), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

1st item, 1st item.

Encodings:

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Computation of exponential integrals. ACM Trans. Math. Software 6 (3), pp. 365–377.

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External Links:

ISSN 0098-3500, Document, MathReview (M. M. Chawla), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§8.25(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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29: Bibliography S

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Algorithm 911: multiple-precision exponential integral and related functions. ACM Trans. Math. Software 37 (4), pp. Art. 46, 16.

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External Links:

Document, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

5th item, §4.48(iii), 3rd item, §6.21(ii).

Encodings:

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Tables of the integro-exponential functions. Acta Astronom. 18, pp. 289–311.

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External Links:

FullText, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

4th item.

Encodings:

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Automatic computing methods for special functions. II. The exponential integral $E_n(x)$ . J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 78B, pp. 199–216.

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Notes:

Double-precision Fortran, maximum accuracy 16S.

External Links:

MathReview (Bernard H. Rosman), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§8.25(v), §8.28(vi).

Encodings:

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Automatic computing methods for special functions. III. The sine, cosine, exponential integrals, and related functions. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 80B (2), pp. 291–311.

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Notes:

Includes Fortran code, maximum accuracy 18S.

External Links:

MathReview (Martin E. Price), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§6.21(ii).

Encodings:

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Matrix Algorithms. Vol. 2: Eigensystems. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA.

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External Links:

ISBN 0-89871-503-2, MathReview Entry, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§3.2(vi).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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30: Bibliography C

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A numerical method for generalized exponential integrals. Comput. Math. Appl. 14 (4), pp. 261–268.

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External Links:

ISSN 0898-1221, MathReview (R. P. Boas), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§8.25(v).

Encodings:

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On the evaluation of generalized exponential integrals $E_v(x)$ . J. Comput. Phys. 78 (2), pp. 278–287.

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External Links:

ISSN 0021-9991, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§8.25(v), 2nd item.

Encodings:

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An algorithm for exponential integrals of real order. Computing 45 (3), pp. 269–276.

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Notes:

Includes Fortran code

External Links:

ISSN 0010-485X, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§8.25(v), §8.28(vi).

Encodings:

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Applications of the complex exponential integral. Math. Comp. 15 (73), pp. 1–6.

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External Links:

FullText, MathReview (J. C. P. Miller), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§6.7(iv).

Encodings:

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$S$-matrix and $R$-matrix determination of the low-energy ${}_{}{}^5\mathrm{He}$ and ${}_{}{}^5\mathrm{Li}$ resonance parameters. Phys. Rev. C 55 (1), pp. 536–539.

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External Links:

Document

Referenced by:

2nd item.

Encodings:

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