Fresnel integrals

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11: 7.23 Tables

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Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 7) includes $\mathrm{erf}x$, $(2/\sqrt{\pi }){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2}$, $x\in [0,2]$, 10D; $(2/\sqrt{\pi }){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2}$, $x\in [2,10]$, 8S; $x{\mathrm{e}}^{x^2}\mathrm{erfc}x$, $x^{-2}\in [0,0.25]$, 7D; $2^n\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}n+1\right){\mathrm{i}}^n\mathrm{erfc}\left(x\right)$, $n=1(1)6,10,11$, $x\in [0,5]$, 6S; $F\left(x\right)$, $x\in [0,2]$, 10D; $xF\left(x\right)$, $x^{-2}\in [0,0.25]$, 9D; $C\left(x\right)$, $S\left(x\right)$, $x\in [0,5]$, 7D; $\mathrm{f}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{g}\left(x\right)$, $x\in [0,1]$, $x^{-1}\in [0,1]$, 15D.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, pp. 637, 639) includes $(2/\sqrt{\pi }){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2}$, $\mathrm{erf}x$, $x=0(.02)1(.04)3$, 8D; $C\left(x\right)$, $S\left(x\right)$, $x=0(.2)10(2)100(100)500$, 8D.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, p. 642) includes the first 10 zeros of $\mathrm{erf}z$, 9D; the first 25 distinct zeros of $C\left(z\right)$ and $S\left(z\right)$, 8S.

12: 7.14 Integrals

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§7.14(ii) Fresnel Integrals

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Laplace Transforms

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7.14.5 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-at}C\left(t\right)dt=\frac{1}{a}\mathrm{f}\left(\frac{a}{\pi }\right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$,

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, $C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral and $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part

Keywords:

Laplace transform

A&S Ref:

7.4.27 (in different notation)

Referenced by:

§7.14(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.14.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.14(ii), §7.14(ii), §7.14 and Ch.7

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7.14.6 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-at}S\left(t\right)dt=\frac{1}{a}\mathrm{g}\left(\frac{a}{\pi }\right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$,

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, $S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral and $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part

Keywords:

Laplace transform

A&S Ref:

7.4.28 (in different notation)

Referenced by:

§7.14(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.14.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.14(ii), §7.14(ii), §7.14 and Ch.7

… ►In a series of ten papers Hadži (1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1975a, 1975b, 1976a, 1976b, 1978) gives many integrals containing error functions and Fresnel integrals, also in combination with the hypergeometric function, confluent hypergeometric functions, and generalized hypergeometric functions.

13: 7.11 Relations to Other Functions

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Confluent Hypergeometric Functions

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7.11.6 $$C\left(z\right)+\mathrm{i}S\left(z\right)=zM(\frac{1}{2},\frac{3}{2},\frac{1}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}{z}^2)=z{\mathrm{e}}^{\pi \mathrm{i}{z}^2/2}M(1,\frac{3}{2},-\frac{1}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}{z}^2).$$

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Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $M(a,b,z)$: $={}_1{}^{}F_1^{}(a;b;z)$ Kummer confluent hypergeometric function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.11.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.11, §7.11 and Ch.7

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Generalized Hypergeometric Functions

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7.11.7 $$C\left(z\right)=z{}_1{}^{}F_2^{}(\frac{1}{4};\frac{5}{4},\frac{1}{2};-\frac{1}{16}{\pi }^2{z}^4),$$

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Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q};z)$: alternatively ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(𝐚;𝐛;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{𝐚}{𝐛};z)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.11, §7.11 and Ch.7

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7.11.8 $$S\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{6}\pi z^3{}_1{}^{}F_2^{}(\frac{3}{4};\frac{7}{4},\frac{3}{2};-\frac{1}{16}{\pi }^2{z}^4).$$

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Symbols:

$S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q};z)$: alternatively ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(𝐚;𝐛;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{𝐚}{𝐛};z)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.11.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.11, §7.11 and Ch.7

14: 7.24 Approximations

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§7.24(i) Approximations in Terms of Elementary Functions

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Cody (1969) provides minimax rational approximations for $\mathrm{erf}x$ and $\mathrm{erfc}x$. The maximum relative precision is about 20S.

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Cody (1968) gives minimax rational approximations for the Fresnel integrals (maximum relative precision 19S); for a Fortran algorithm and comments see Snyder (1993).

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Shepherd and Laframboise (1981) gives coefficients of Chebyshev series for $(1+2x){\mathrm{e}}^{x^2}\mathrm{erfc}x$ on $(0,\mathrm{\infty })$ (22D).

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Luke (1969b, vol. 2, pp. 422–435) gives main diagonal Padé approximations for $F\left(z\right)$, $\mathrm{erf}z$, $\mathrm{erfc}z$, $C\left(z\right)$, and $S\left(z\right)$; approximate errors are given for a selection of $z$-values.

15: 7 Error Functions, Dawson’s and Fresnel Integrals

Chapter 7 Error Functions, Dawson’s and Fresnel Integrals

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16: 7.21 Physical Applications

§7.21 Physical Applications

►The error functions, Fresnel integrals, and related functions occur in a variety of physical applications. Fresnel integrals and Cornu’s spiral occurred originally in the analysis of the diffraction of light; see Born and Wolf (1999, §8.7). …

17: 7.22 Methods of Computation

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§7.22(i) Main Functions

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18: Software Index

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	Open Source													With Book						Commercial
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7 Error Functions, Dawson’s and Fresnel Integrals
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7.25(iv) $C\left(x\right)$, $S\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{f}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{g}\left(x\right)$, $x\in ℝ$	✓		✓						✓			a	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
7.25(v) $C\left(z\right)$, $S\left(z\right)$, $z\in ℂ$	✓											a	✓								✓	✓	✓
7.25(vi) $ℱ\left(x\right)$, $G\left(x\right)$, $𝖴(x,t)$, $𝖵(x,t)$, $x\in ℝ$			✓	✓	✓						✓			✓	✓	✓	✓			✓	✓	✓	✓
7.25(vii) $ℱ\left(z\right)$, $G\left(z\right)$, $z\in ℂ$																					✓	✓	✓
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19: 7.10 Derivatives

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${\displaystyle \frac{d\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)}{dz}}=\pi z\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)-1.$

20: 7.12 Asymptotic Expansions

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§7.12(ii) Fresnel Integrals

►The asymptotic expansions of $C\left(z\right)$ and $S\left(z\right)$ are given by (7.5.3), (7.5.4), and ►

7.12.2 $$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)\sim \frac{1}{\pi z}\sum _{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^m\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_{2m}}{{(\pi z^2/2)}^{2m}},$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

7.3.27

Referenced by:

§7.12(ii), §7.12(ii), Erratum (V1.0.9) for Chapters 7, 25

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.12.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Notational Change (effective with 1.0.9):

Previously the RHS of this equation was written as $\frac{1}{\pi z}{\sum }_{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^m\frac{1\cdot 3\cdot 5\mathrm{\cdots }(4m-1)}{{(\pi z^2)}^{2m}}$. We have rewritten the sum more concisely using Pochhammer’s symbol.

Suggested 2014-03-13 by Giorgos Karagounis

See also:

Annotations for §7.12(ii), §7.12 and Ch.7

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7.12.3 $$\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)\sim \frac{1}{\pi z}\sum _{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^m\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_{2m+1}}{{(\pi z^2/2)}^{2m+1}},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

7.3.28

Referenced by:

§7.12(ii), §7.12(ii), Erratum (V1.0.9) for Chapters 7, 25

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.12.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Notational Change (effective with 1.0.9):

Previously the RHS of this equation was written as $\frac{1}{{\pi }^2{z}^3}{\sum }_{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^m\frac{1\cdot 3\cdot 5\mathrm{\cdots }(4m+1)}{{(\pi z^2)}^{2m}}$ We have rewritten the sum more concisely using Pochhammer’s symbol.

Suggested 2014-03-13 by Giorgos Karagounis

See also:

Annotations for §7.12(ii), §7.12 and Ch.7

… ►They are bounded by $|\csc \left(4\mathrm{ph}z\right)|$ times the first neglected terms when . …