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1: 36.6 Scaling Relations

§36.6 Scaling Relations

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Diffraction Catastrophe Scaling

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Indices for $k$-Scaling of Magnitude of ${\mathrm{\Psi }}_K$ or ${\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{U})}$ (Singularity Index)

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Indices for $k$-Scaling of Coordinates $x_m$

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Indices for $k$-Scaling of $𝐱$ Hypervolume

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2: 27.9 Quadratic Characters

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27.9.2 $$(2|p)={(-1)}^{(p^2-1)/8}.$$

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Symbols:

$(n|p)$: Legendre symbol and $p$: odd prime

Referenced by:

§27.9

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.9.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §27.9 and Ch.27

►If $p,q$ are distinct odd primes, then the quadratic reciprocity law states that … ►Both (27.9.1) and (27.9.2) are valid with $p$ replaced by $P$; the reciprocity law (27.9.3) holds if $p,q$ are replaced by any two relatively prime odd integers $P,Q$.

3: 15.7 Continued Fractions

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15.7.1 $$\frac{𝐅(a,b;c;z)}{𝐅(a,b+1;c+1;z)}=t_0-\frac{u_{1}z}{t_1-}\frac{u_{2}z}{t_2-}\frac{u_{3}z}{t_3-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

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Symbols:

$𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter, $c$: real or complex parameter, $t_n$: coefficient and $u_n$: coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.7.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.7 and Ch.15

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15.7.3 $$\frac{𝐅(a,b;c;z)}{𝐅(a,b+1;c+1;z)}=v_0-\frac{w_1}{v_1-}\frac{w_2}{v_2-}\frac{w_3}{v_3-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

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Symbols:

$𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter, $c$: real or complex parameter, $v_n$: coefficient and $w_n$: coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.7.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.7 and Ch.15

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15.7.5 $$\frac{𝐅(a,b;c;z)}{𝐅(a+1,b+1;c+1;z)}=x_0+\frac{y_1}{x_1+}\frac{y_2}{x_2+}\frac{y_3}{x_3+}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

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Symbols:

$𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $x$: real variable, $y$: real variable, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.7.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.7 and Ch.15

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4: 15.15 Sums

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15.15.1 $$𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};\frac{1}{z})={\left(1-\frac{z_0}{z}\right)}^{-a}\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(a\right)}_s}{s!}𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-s,b}{c};\frac{1}{z_0}){\left(1-\frac{z}{z_0}\right)}^{-s}.$$

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Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $s$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§15.19(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.15.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.1.2):

The Pochhammer symbol now links to its definition.

See also:

Annotations for §15.15 and Ch.15

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5: 8.24 Physical Applications

… ►The function $\gamma (a,x)$ appears in: discussions of power-law relaxation times in complex physical systems (Sornette (1998)); logarithmic oscillations in relaxation times for proteins (Metzler et al. (1999)); Gaussian orbitals and exponential (Slater) orbitals in quantum chemistry (Shavitt (1963), Shavitt and Karplus (1965)); population biology and ecological systems (Camacho et al. (2002)). …

6: Possible Errors in DLMF

… ►One source of confusion, rather than actual errors, are some new functions which differ from those in Abramowitz and Stegun (1964) by scaling, shifts or constraints on the domain; see the Info box (click or hover over the icon) for links to defining formula. …

7: Bibliography F

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Application of the $\tau$-function theory of Painlevé equations to random matrices: ${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{VI}}$, the JUE, CyUE, cJUE and scaled limits. Nagoya Math. J. 174, pp. 29–114.

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External Links:

ISSN 0027-7630, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.10(vi), §32.6(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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On the coefficients in the recursion formulae of orthogonal polynomials. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad. Sect. A 76 (1), pp. 1–6.

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External Links:

MathReview (A. G. Law), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.32, §32.15.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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8: 15.6 Integral Representations

… ►The function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ (not $F(a,b;c;z)$) has the following integral representations: ►

15.6.1 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-b\right)}{\int }_0^1\frac{t^{b-1}{(1-t)}^{c-b-1}}{{(1-zt)}^a}dt,$$ ; $\mathrm{\Re }c>\mathrm{\Re }b>0$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§15.19(iii), (15.4.34), §15.6, §15.6, Erratum (V1.0.23) for Equations (15.6.1)–(15.6.9), Erratum (V1.0.23) for Equations (15.6.1)–(15.6.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.23):

The Olver hypergeometric function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$, previously omitted from the left-hand side to make the formula more concise, has been added. The constraint , originally mentioned in the text, has been directly added to the formula.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

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15.6.2 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1+b-c\right)}{2\pi \mathrm{i}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b\right)}{\int }_0^{(1+)}\frac{t^{b-1}{(t-1)}^{c-b-1}}{{(1-zt)}^a}dt,$$ ; $c-b\ne 1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$, $\mathrm{\Re }b>0$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§15.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.23):

The Olver hypergeometric function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$, previously omitted from the left-hand side to make the formula more concise, has been added. The constraint , originally mentioned in the text, has been directly added to the formula.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

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15.6.8 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-d\right)}{\int }_0^1𝐅(a,b;d;zt)t^{d-1}{(1-t)}^{c-d-1}dt,$$ ; $\mathrm{\Re }c>\mathrm{\Re }d>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Proof sketch:

Follows from (15.6.9) with $\lambda =a+b$.

Referenced by:

(15.6.9), §15.6, §15.6, §15.6, §18.17(iv), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Equation (15.6.8), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Equation (15.6.8)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.23):

The Olver hypergeometric function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$, previously omitted from the left-hand side to make the formula more concise, has been added. The constraint , originally mentioned in the text, has been directly added to the formula.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

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15.6.9 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)={\int }_0^1\frac{t^{d-1}{(1-t)}^{c-d-1}}{{(1-zt)}^{a+b-\lambda }}𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\lambda -a,\lambda -b}{d};zt)𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a+b-\lambda ,\lambda -d}{c-d};\frac{(1-t)z}{1-zt})dt,$$ ; $\lambda \in ℂ$, $\mathrm{\Re }c>\mathrm{\Re }d>0$.

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $ℂ$: complex plane, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\in$: element of, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Notes:

With $\lambda =a+b$, this equation specializes to (15.6.8).

Referenced by:

(15.6.8), §15.6, §15.6, Erratum (V1.0.18) for Equation (15.6.9), Erratum (V1.0.23) for Equations (15.6.1)–(15.6.9), Erratum (V1.0.23) for Equations (15.6.1)–(15.6.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.23):

The Olver hypergeometric function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$, previously omitted from the left-hand side to make the formula more concise, has been added. The constraint , originally mentioned in the text, has been directly added to the formula.

Addition (effective with 1.0.18):

The constraint $\lambda \in ℂ$ was added.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

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9: 33.22 Particle Scattering and Atomic and Molecular Spectra

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$𝗄$ Scaling

►The $𝗄$-scaled variables $\rho$ and $\eta$ of §33.2 are given by … ►In these applications, the $Z$-scaled variables $r$ and $ϵ$ are more convenient. ►

$Z$ Scaling

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$\mathrm{i}𝗄$ Scaling

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10: 14.3 Definitions and Hypergeometric Representations

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14.3.1

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Defines:

: Ferrers function of the first kind

Symbols:

$𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $\mu$: general order, $\nu$: general degree and : real variable

A&S Ref:

8.1.2 (modified)

Referenced by:

§14.11, §14.15(i), §14.3(i), §14.3(i), §15.9(iv), §15.9(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.3.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.3(i), §14.3(i), §14.3 and Ch.14

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14.3.3

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function and : real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.3.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.3(i), §14.3(i), §14.3 and Ch.14

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14.3.6

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Symbols:

$P_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the first kind, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $\mu$: general order, $\nu$: general degree and : real variable

Referenced by:

§14.21(i), §14.21(iii), §14.3(ii), §14.3(iv), §15.9(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.3.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.3(ii), §14.3(ii), §14.3 and Ch.14

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14.3.9

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Symbols:

$P_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the first kind, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $\mu$: general order, $\nu$: general degree and : real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.3.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.3(ii), §14.3(ii), §14.3 and Ch.14

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14.3.15

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Symbols:

$P_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the first kind, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $\mu$: general order, $\nu$: general degree and : real variable

Referenced by:

§14.21(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.3.E15

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.3(iii), §14.3 and Ch.14

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