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21: 10.74 Methods of Computation

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§10.74(ii) Differential Equations

►A comprehensive and powerful approach is to integrate the differential equations (10.2.1) and (10.25.1) by direct numerical methods. As described in §3.7(ii), to insure stability the integration path must be chosen in such a way that as we proceed along it the wanted solution grows in magnitude at least as fast as all other solutions of the differential equation. … ►For further information, including parallel methods for solving the differential equations, see Lozier and Olver (1993). … ►Newton’s rule is quadratically convergent and Halley’s rule is cubically convergent. …

22: 19.29 Reduction of General Elliptic Integrals

… ►These theorems reduce integrals over a real interval $(y,x)$ of certain integrands containing the square root of a quartic or cubic polynomial to symmetric integrals over $(0,\mathrm{\infty })$ containing the square root of a cubic polynomial (compare §19.16(i)). …Cubic cases of these formulas are obtained by setting one of the factors in (19.29.3) equal to 1. … ►In the cubic case ($h=3$) the basic integrals are … ►(This shows why $I({𝐞}_{\alpha })$ is not needed as a basic integral in the cubic case.) … ►In the cubic case, in which $a_2=1$, $b_2=0$, (19.29.26) reduces further to …

23: Bibliography W

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Asymptotic expansions for second-order linear difference equations with a turning point. Numer. Math. 94 (1), pp. 147–194.

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External Links:

ISSN 0029-599X, Document, MathReview (Sergey M. Zagorodnyuk), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Linear difference equations with transition points. Math. Comp. 74 (250), pp. 629–653.

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External Links:

ISSN 0025-5718, Document, MathReview (B. G. Pachpatte), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Solutions of the fifth Painlevé equation. I. Hokkaido Math. J. 24 (2), pp. 231–267.

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External Links:

ISSN 0385-4035, FullText, MathReview (Andrei A. Kapaev), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.10(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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The cubic transformation of the hypergeometric function. Quart. J. Pure and Applied Math. 41, pp. 70–79.

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External Links:

ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§15.8(v), §15.8(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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On the central connection problem for the double confluent Heun equation. Math. Nachr. 195, pp. 267–276.

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External Links:

ISSN 0025-584X, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§31.12.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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24: 28.18 Integrals and Integral Equations

§28.18 Integrals and Integral Equations

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25: 15.8 Transformations of Variable

… ►In the equations that follow in this subsection all functions take their principal values. … ►

§15.8(v) Cubic Transformations

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Ramanujan’s Cubic Transformation

… ►This is used in a cubic analog of the arithmetic-geometric mean. … ►

26: 16.6 Transformations of Variable

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Cubic

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27: 31.7 Relations to Other Functions

… ►They are analogous to quadratic and cubic hypergeometric transformations (§§15.8(iii)–15.8(v)). … ►equation (31.2.1) becomes Lamé’s equation with independent variable $\zeta$; compare (29.2.1) and (31.2.8). The solutions (31.3.1) and (31.3.5) transform into even and odd solutions of Lamé’s equation, respectively. …

28: 31.13 Asymptotic Approximations

§31.13 Asymptotic Approximations

… ►For asymptotic approximations of the solutions of Heun’s equation (31.2.1) when two singularities are close together, see Lay and Slavyanov (1999). ►For asymptotic approximations of the solutions of confluent forms of Heun’s equation in the neighborhood of irregular singularities, see Komarov et al. (1976), Ronveaux (1995, Parts B,C,D,E), Bogush and Otchik (1997), Slavyanov and Veshev (1997), and Lay et al. (1998).

29: 19.25 Relations to Other Functions

… ►Equations (19.25.9)–(19.25.11) correspond to three (nonzero) choices for the last variable of $R_D$; see (19.21.7). … ►

19.25.35 $$z+2\omega =\pm R_F(\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_1,\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_2,\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_3),$$

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Symbols:

$R_F(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of first kind, $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $e_j$: Weierstrass lattice roots and $z$: complex number

Proof sketch:

Use (23.6.36) with $z=\mathrm{\wp }\left(\omega \right)$ as prescribed in the text that follows (23.6.36), substitute $u=t+\mathrm{\wp }\left(\omega \right)$ and compare with (19.16.1). The undetermined $\pm$ is a consequence of the multivaluedness of the square-roots in (19.16.4).

Referenced by:

(19.25.38), (19.25.40), §19.25(v), §19.25(vi), §19.25(vi), §20.9(i), Erratum (V1.1.0) for Subsection 19.25(vi)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.25.E35

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation has been corrected, namely the left-hand side which was originally $z$, has been replaced by $z+2\omega$ and the right-hand side has been multiplied by $\pm 1$.

See also:

Annotations for §19.25(vi), §19.25 and Ch.19

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19.25.37 $$\zeta \left(z+2\omega \right)+(z+2\omega )\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)=\pm 2R_G(\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_1,\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_2,\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_3),$$

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Symbols:

$R_G(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of second kind, $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $e_j$: Weierstrass lattice roots, $\zeta \left(z\right)$ (= $\zeta \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\zeta (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass zeta function and $z$: complex number

Referenced by:

§19.25(vi), Erratum (V1.0.18) for Equation (19.25.37), Erratum (V1.1.0) for Subsection 19.25(vi)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.25.E37

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation has been corrected, namely the left-hand side which was originally $\zeta \left(z\right)+z\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$, has been replaced by $\zeta \left(z+2\omega \right)+(z+2\omega )\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$, and the right-hand side has been multiplied by $\pm 1$.

Clarification (effective with 1.0.18):

The Weierstrass zeta function in this equation incorrectly linked to the definition of the Riemann zeta function. However, to the eye, the functions appeared correct.

See also:

Annotations for §19.25(vi), §19.25 and Ch.19

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19.25.39 $$\zeta \left({\omega }_j\right)+{\omega }_j{e}_j=2R_G(0,e_j-e_k,e_j-e_{\mathrm{\ell }}),$$

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Symbols:

$R_G(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of second kind, $e_j$: Weierstrass lattice roots, $\zeta \left(z\right)$ (= $\zeta \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\zeta (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass zeta function, $j$: $(=1,2,3)$ , $z$: complex number, $k$: $(=1,2,3)$ , $\mathrm{\ell }$: $(=1,2,3)$ , ${\omega }_j$: nonzero complex number and ${\eta }_j$: complex number

Proof sketch:

Take $z=-\omega$ in (19.25.36).

Referenced by:

§19.25(vi), §19.25(vi), Erratum (V1.1.0) for Subsection 19.25(vi)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.25.E39

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation has been corrected such that the left-hand side ${\eta }_j$ has been replaced by $\zeta \left({\omega }_j\right)$.

See also:

Annotations for §19.25(vi), §19.25 and Ch.19

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19.25.40 $$z+2\omega =\pm \sigma \left(z\right)R_F({\sigma }_1^2(z),{\sigma }_2^2(z),{\sigma }_3^2(z)),$$

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Symbols:

$R_F(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of first kind, $\sigma \left(z\right)$ (= $\sigma \left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\sigma (z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass sigma function, $z$: complex number and ${\sigma }_j(z)$: function

Proof sketch:

Combine Erdélyi et al. (1953b, §§13.12(22), 13.13(22)), (19.25.35) and (19.16.1).

Referenced by:

§19.25(vi), §19.25(vi), Erratum (V1.1.0) for Subsection 19.25(vi)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.25.E40

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation has been corrected, namely the left-hand side which was originally $z$, has been replaced by $z+2\omega$ and the right-hand side has been multiplied by $\pm 1$.

See also:

Annotations for §19.25(vi), §19.25 and Ch.19

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30: 23.3 Differential Equations

§23.3 Differential Equations

… ►The lattice roots satisfy the cubic equation … ►

§23.3(ii) Differential Equations and Derivatives

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