# §25.2(i) Definition

When $\realpart{s}>1$,

 25.2.1 $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n^{s}}.$ Defines: $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function Symbols: $n$: nonnegative integer and $s$: complex variable A&S Ref: 23.2.1 Referenced by: §25.2(ii) Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E1 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png

Elsewhere $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)$ is defined by analytic continuation. It is a meromorphic function whose only singularity in $\Complex$ is a simple pole at $s=1$, with residue 1.

# §25.2(ii) Other Infinite Series

 25.2.2 $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{1-2^{-s}}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty% }\frac{1}{(2n+1)^{s}},$ $\realpart{s}>1$. Symbols: $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\realpart{}$: real part, $n$: nonnegative integer and $s$: complex variable A&S Ref: 23.2.20 (is the special case with integer values of $s$) Referenced by: §25.11(v) Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E2 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 25.2.3 $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{1-2^{1-s}}\sum_{n=1}^{% \infty}\frac{(-1)^{n-1}}{n^{s}},$ $\realpart{s}>0$. Symbols: $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\realpart{}$: real part, $n$: nonnegative integer and $s$: complex variable A&S Ref: 23.2.19 (is the special case with integer values of $s$) Referenced by: §25.11(x) Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E3 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 25.2.4 ${\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{s-1}+\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}% \frac{(-1)^{n}}{n!}\gamma_{n}(s-1)^{n},}$ $\realpart{s}>0$,

where

 25.2.5 $\gamma_{n}=\lim_{m\to\infty}\left(\sum_{k=1}^{m}\frac{(\mathop{\ln\/}\nolimits k% )^{n}}{k}-\frac{(\mathop{\ln\/}\nolimits m)^{n+1}}{n+1}\right).$ Symbols: $\mathop{\ln\/}\nolimits z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $k$: nonnegative integer, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $\gamma_{n}$: expansion coefficient Referenced by: §25.6(ii) Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E5 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 25.2.6 ${\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits^{\prime}}\!\left(s\right)=-\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}(% \mathop{\ln\/}\nolimits n)n^{-s},$ $\realpart{s}>1$.
 25.2.7 ${\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits^{(k)}}\!\left(s\right)=(-1)^{k}\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}(% \mathop{\ln\/}\nolimits n)^{k}n^{-s},$ $\realpart{s}>1$, $k=1,2,3,\dots$.

For further expansions of functions similar to (25.2.1) (Dirichlet series) see §27.4. This includes, for example, $1/\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)$.

# §25.2(iii) Representations by the Euler–Maclaurin Formula

 25.2.8 $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)=\sum_{k=1}^{N}\frac{1}{k^{s}}+\frac{% N^{1-s}}{s-1}-s\int_{N}^{\infty}\frac{x-\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor}{x^{s+1}}dx,$ $\realpart{s}>0$, $N=1,2,3,\dots$.
 25.2.9 $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)=\sum_{k=1}^{N}\frac{1}{k^{s}}+\frac{% N^{1-s}}{s-1}-\frac{1}{2}N^{-s}+\sum_{k=1}^{n}\binom{s+2k-2}{2k-1}\frac{% \mathop{B_{2k}\/}\nolimits}{2k}N^{1-s-2k}-\binom{s+2n}{2n+1}\int_{N}^{\infty}% \frac{\mathop{\widetilde{B}_{2n+1}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x\right)}{x^{s+2n+1}}dx,$ $\realpart{s}>-2n$; $n,N=1,2,3,\dots$.
 25.2.10 $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{s-1}+\frac{1}{2}+\sum_{k=1}% ^{n}\binom{s+2k-2}{2k-1}\frac{\mathop{B_{2k}\/}\nolimits}{2k}-\binom{s+2n}{2n+% 1}\int_{1}^{\infty}\frac{\mathop{\widetilde{B}_{2n+1}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x% \right)}{x^{s+2n+1}}dx,$ $\realpart{s}>-2n$, $n=1,2,3,\dots$.

For $\mathop{B_{2k}\/}\nolimits$ see §24.2(i), and for $\mathop{\widetilde{B}_{n}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x\right)$ see §24.2(iii).

# §25.2(iv) Infinite Products

 25.2.11 $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)=\prod_{p}(1-p^{-s})^{-1},$ $\realpart{s}>1$, Symbols: $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\realpart{}$: real part, $p$: prime number and $s$: complex variable A&S Ref: 23.2.2 Referenced by: §25.10(i) Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E11 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png

product over all primes $p$.

 25.2.12 $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits\!\left(s\right)=\frac{(2\pi)^{s}e^{-s-(% \EulerConstant s/2)}}{2(s-1)\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\tfrac{1}{2}s+1% \right)}\prod_{\rho}\left(1-\frac{s}{\rho}\right)e^{s/\rho},$

product over zeros $\rho$ of $\mathop{\zeta\/}\nolimits$ with $\realpart{\rho}>0$ (see §25.10(i)); $\EulerConstant$ is Euler’s constant (§5.2(ii)).