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1: Howard S. Cohl
Cohl has published papers in orthogonal polynomials and special functions, and is particularly interested in fundamental solutions of linear partial differential equations on Riemannian manifolds, associated Legendre functions, generalized and basic hypergeometric functions, eigenfunction expansions of fundamental solutions in separable coordinate systems for linear partial differential equations, orthogonal polynomial generating function and generalized expansions, and q -series. …
2: 1.18 Linear Second Order Differential Operators and Eigenfunction Expansions
§1.18(v) Point Spectra and Eigenfunction Expansions
§1.18(viii) Mixed Spectra and Eigenfunction Expansions
3: Bibliography T
  • E. C. Titchmarsh (1946) Eigenfunction Expansions Associated with Second-Order Differential Equations. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • E. C. Titchmarsh (1958) Eigenfunction Expansions Associated with Second Order Differential Equations, Part 2, Partial Differential Equations. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • E. C. Titchmarsh (1962a) Eigenfunction expansions associated with second-order differential equations. Part I. Second edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • 4: 28.30 Expansions in Series of Eigenfunctions
    §28.30 Expansions in Series of Eigenfunctions
    5: DLMF Project News
    error generating summary
    6: Errata
    This especially included updated information on matrix analysis, measure theory, spectral analysis, and a new section on linear second order differential operators and eigenfunction expansions. … The specific updates to Chapter 1 include the addition of an entirely new subsection §1.18 entitled “Linear Second Order Differential Operators and Eigenfunction Expansions” which is a survey of the formal spectral analysis of second order differential operators. …
  • Chapter 1 Additions

    The following additions were made in Chapter 1:

  • Chapter 18 Additions

    The following additions were made in Chapter 18:

    • §18.2

      In Subsection 18.2(i), Equation (18.2.1_5); the paragraph title “Orthogonality on Finite Point Sets” has been changed to “Orthogonality on Countable Sets”, and there are minor changes in the presentation of the final paragraph, including a new equation (18.2.4_5). The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iii) has changed, Equation (18.2.5_5) was added and an extra paragraph on standardizations has been included. The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iv) has changed and it has been expanded with two extra paragraphs and several new equations, (18.2.9_5), (18.2.11_1)–(18.2.11_9). Subsections 18.2(v) (with (18.2.12_5), (18.2.14)–(18.2.17)) and 18.2(vi) (with (18.2.17)–(18.2.20)) have been expanded. New subsections, 18.2(vii)18.2(xii), with Equations (18.2.21)–(18.2.46),

    • §18.3

      A new introduction, minor changes in the presentation, and three new paragraphs.

    • §18.5

      Extra details for Chebyshev polynomials, and Equations (18.5.4_5), (18.5.11_1)–(18.5.11_4), (18.5.17_5).

    • §18.8

      Line numbers and two extra rows were added to Table 18.8.1.

    • §18.9

      Subsection 18.9(i) has been expanded, and 18.9(iii) has some additional explanation. Equations (18.9.2_1), (18.9.2_2), (18.9.18_5) and Table 18.9.2 were added.

    • §18.12

      Three extra generating functions, (18.12.2_5), (18.12.3_5), (18.12.17).

    • §18.14

      Equation (18.14.3_5). New subsection, 18.14(iv), with Equations (18.14.25)–(18.14.27).

    • §18.15

      Equation (18.15.4_5).

    • §18.16

      The title of Subsection 18.16(iii) was changed from “Ultraspherical and Legendre” to “Ultraspherical, Legendre and Chebyshev”. New subsection, 18.16(vii) Discriminants, with Equations (18.16.19)–(18.16.21).

    • §18.17

      Extra explanatory text at many places and seven extra integrals (18.17.16_5), (18.17.21_1)–(18.17.21_3), (18.17.28_5), (18.17.34_5), (18.17.41_5).

    • §18.18

      Extra explanatory text at several places and the title of Subsection 18.18(iv) was changed from “Connection Formulas” to “Connection and Inversion Formulas”.

    • §18.19

      A new introduction.

    • §18.21

      Equation (18.21.13).

    • §18.25

      Extra explanatory text in Subsection 18.25(i) and the title of Subsection 18.25(ii) was changed from “Weights and Normalizations: Continuous Cases” to “Weights and Standardizations: Continuous Cases”.

    • §18.26

      In Subsection 18.26(i) an extra paragraph on dualities has been included, with Equations (18.26.4_1), (18.26.4_2).

    • §18.27

      Extra text at the start of this section and twenty seven extra formulas, (18.27.4_1), (18.27.4_2), (18.27.6_5), (18.27.9_5), (18.27.12_5), (18.27.14_1)–(18.27.14_6), (18.27.17_1)–(18.27.17_3), (18.27.20_5), (18.27.25), (18.27.26), (18.28.1_5).

    • §18.28

      A big expansion. Six extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(ii) ((18.28.6_1)–(18.28.6_5)) and three extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(viii) ((18.28.21)–(18.28.23)). New subsections, 18.28(ix)18.28(xi), with Equations (18.28.23)–(18.28.34).

    • §18.30

      Originally this section did not have subsections. The original seven formulas have now more explanatory text and are split over two subsections. New subsections 18.30(iii)18.30(viii), with Equations (18.30.8)–(18.30.31).

    • §18.32

      This short section has been expanded, with Equation (18.32.2).

    • §18.33

      Additional references and a new large subsection, 18.33(vi), including Equations (18.33.17)–(18.33.32).

    • §18.34

      This section has been expanded, including an extra orthogonality relations (18.34.5_5), (18.34.7_1)–(18.34.7_3).

    • §18.35

      This section on Pollaczek polynomials has been significantly updated with much more explanations and as well to include the Pollaczek polynomials of type 3 which are the most general with three free parameters. The Pollaczek polynomials which were previously treated, namely those of type 1 and type 2 are special cases of the type 3 Pollaczek polynomials. In the first paragraph of this section an extensive description of the relations between the three types of Pollaczek polynomials is given which was lacking previously. Equations (18.35.0_5), (18.35.2_1)–(18.35.2_5), (18.35.4_5), (18.35.6_1)–(18.35.6_6), (18.35.10).

    • §18.36

      This section on miscellaneous polynomials has been expanded with new subsections, 18.36(v) on non-classical Laguerre polynomials and 18.36(vi) with examples of exceptional orthogonal polynomials, with Equations (18.36.1)–(18.36.10). In the titles of Subsections 18.36(ii) and 18.36(iii) we replaced “OP’s” by “Orthogonal Polynomials”.

    • §18.38

      The paragraphs of Subsection 18.38(i) have been re-ordered and one paragraph was added. The title of Subsection 18.38(ii) was changed from “Classical OP’s: Other Applications” to “Classical OP’s: Mathematical Developments and Applications”. Subsection 18.38(iii) has been expanded with seven new paragraphs, and Equations (18.38.4)–(18.38.11).

    • §18.39

      This section was completely rewritten. The previous 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics has been replaced by Subsections 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics and 18.39(ii) A 3D Separable Quantum System, the Hydrogen Atom, containing the same essential information; the original content of the subsection is reproduced below for reference. Subsection 18.39(ii) was moved to 18.39(v) Other Applications. New subsections, 18.39(iii) Non Classical Weight Functions of Utility in DVR Method in the Physical Sciences, 18.39(iv) Coulomb–Pollaczek Polynomials and J-Matrix Methods; Equations (18.39.7)–(18.39.48); and Figures 18.39.1, 18.39.2.

      The original text of 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics was:

      “Classical OP’s appear when the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved by separation of variables. Consider, for example, the one-dimensional form of this equation for a particle of mass m with potential energy V ( x ) :

      errata.1 ( 2 2 m 2 x 2 + V ( x ) ) ψ ( x , t ) = i t ψ ( x , t ) ,

      where is the reduced Planck’s constant. On substituting ψ ( x , t ) = η ( x ) ζ ( t ) , we obtain two ordinary differential equations, each of which involve the same constant E . The equation for η ( x ) is

      errata.2 d 2 η d x 2 + 2 m 2 ( E V ( x ) ) η = 0 .

      For a harmonic oscillator, the potential energy is given by

      errata.3 V ( x ) = 1 2 m ω 2 x 2 ,

      where ω is the angular frequency. For (18.39.2) to have a nontrivial bounded solution in the interval < x < , the constant E (the total energy of the particle) must satisfy

      errata.4 E = E n = ( n + 1 2 ) ω , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , .

      The corresponding eigenfunctions are

      errata.5 η n ( x ) = π 1 4 2 1 2 n ( n ! b ) 1 2 H n ( x / b ) e x 2 / 2 b 2 ,

      where b = ( / m ω ) 1 / 2 , and H n is the Hermite polynomial. For further details, see Seaborn (1991, p. 224) or Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 71-72).

      A second example is provided by the three-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation

      errata.6 2 ψ + 2 m 2 ( E V ( 𝐱 ) ) ψ = 0 ,

      when this is solved by separation of variables in spherical coordinates (§1.5(ii)). The eigenfunctions of one of the separated ordinary differential equations are Legendre polynomials. See Seaborn (1991, pp. 69-75).

      For a third example, one in which the eigenfunctions are Laguerre polynomials, see Seaborn (1991, pp. 87-93) and Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 76-80 and 320-323).”

    • Section 18.40

      The old section is now Subsection 18.40(i) and a large new subsection, 18.40(ii), on the classical moment problem has been added, with formulae (18.40.1)–(18.40.10) and Figures 18.40.1, 18.40.2.

  • 7: 18.39 Applications in the Physical Sciences
    Discretized and Continuum Expansions of Scattering Eigenfunctions in terms of Pollaczek Polynomials: J-matrix Theory
    8: 30.9 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions
    §30.9 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions
    For the eigenfunctions see Meixner and Schäfke (1954, §3.251) and Müller (1963). For uniform asymptotic expansions in terms of Airy or Bessel functions for real values of the parameters, complex values of the variable, and with explicit error bounds see Dunster (1986). … For the eigenfunctions see Meixner and Schäfke (1954, §3.252) and Müller (1962). …
    §30.9(iii) Other Approximations and Expansions
    9: Bibliography M
  • A. J. MacLeod (1993) Chebyshev expansions for modified Struve and related functions. Math. Comp. 60 (202), pp. 735–747.
  • A. J. MacLeod (2002a) Asymptotic expansions for the zeros of certain special functions. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 145 (2), pp. 261–267.
  • J. P. McClure and R. Wong (1978) Explicit error terms for asymptotic expansions of Stieltjes transforms. J. Inst. Math. Appl. 22 (2), pp. 129–145.
  • D. Müller, B. G. Kelly, and J. J. O’Brien (1994) Spheroidal eigenfunctions of the tidal equation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (11), pp. 1557–1560.
  • H. J. W. Müller (1966c) On asymptotic expansions of ellipsoidal wave functions. Math. Nachr. 32, pp. 157–172.
  • 10: 1.13 Differential Equations
    For classification of singularities of (1.13.1) and expansions of solutions in the neighborhoods of singularities, see §2.7. …
    §1.13(viii) Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions: Sturm-Liouville and Liouville forms
    Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions
    The functions u ( x ) which correspond to these being eigenfunctions. … For a regular Sturm-Liouville system, equations (1.13.26) and (1.13.29) have: (i) identical eigenvalues, λ ; (ii) the corresponding (real) eigenfunctions, u ( x ) and w ( t ) , have the same number of zeros, also called nodes, for t ( 0 , c ) as for x ( a , b ) ; (iii) the eigenfunctions also satisfy the same type of boundary conditions, un-mixed or periodic, for both forms at the corresponding boundary points. …