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31: 27.16 Cryptography

… ►Applications to cryptography rely on the disparity in computer time required to find large primes and to factor large integers. ►For example, a code maker chooses two large primes $p$ and $q$ of about 400 decimal digits each. …For this reason, the codes are considered unbreakable, at least with the current state of knowledge on factoring large numbers. ►To code a message by this method, we replace each letter by two digits, say $A=01$, $B=02$, $\mathrm{\dots }$, $Z=26$, and divide the message into pieces of convenient length smaller than the public value $n=pq$. …

32: 10.17 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Argument

… ►

10.17.12 $$H_{\nu }^{(2)}{}_{}{}^{\prime }\left(z\right)\sim -\mathrm{i}{\left(\frac{2}{\pi z}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mathrm{i}\omega }\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-\mathrm{i})}^k\frac{b_k(\nu )}{z^k},$$ $-2\pi +\delta \le \mathrm{ph}z\le \pi -\delta$.

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Symbols:

$H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\omega$ and $b_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.2.14

Referenced by:

§10.18(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.17.E12

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.17(ii), §10.17 and Ch.10

…

33: 24.16 Generalizations

… ►For extensions of $B_n^{(\mathrm{\ell })}\left(x\right)$ to complex values of $x$, $n$, and $\mathrm{\ell }$, and also for uniform asymptotic expansions for large $x$ and large $n$, see Temme (1995b) and López and Temme (1999b, 2010b). …

34: Preface

… ►Bickel, B. …Eberhardt, B. … B. …Schanzle, B. … B. …

35: 6.18 Methods of Computation

… ► $A_0$, $B_0$, and $C_0$ can be computed by Miller’s algorithm (§3.6(iii)), starting with initial values $(A_N,B_N,C_N)=(1,0,0)$, say, where $N$ is an arbitrary large integer, and normalizing via $C_0=1/z$. …

36: 10.41 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

§10.41 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

►

§10.41(i) Asymptotic Forms

… ►

§10.41(ii) Uniform Expansions for Real Variable

… ► … ►

37: 10.74 Methods of Computation

… ►If $x$ or $|z|$ is large compared with ${|\nu |}^2$, then the asymptotic expansions of §§10.17(i)–10.17(iv) are available. … ►For large positive real values of $\nu$ the uniform asymptotic expansions of §§10.20(i) and 10.20(ii) can be used. Moreover, because of their double asymptotic properties (§10.41(v)) these expansions can also be used for large $x$ or $|z|$, whether or not $\nu$ is large. It should be noted, however, that there is a difficulty in evaluating the coefficients $A_k(\zeta )$, $B_k(\zeta )$, $C_k(\zeta )$, and $D_k(\zeta )$, from the explicit expressions (10.20.10)–(10.20.13) when $z$ is close to $1$ owing to severe cancellation. … ►And since there are no error terms they could, in theory, be used for all values of $z$; however, there may be severe cancellation when $|z|$ is not large compared with $n^2$. …

38: 25.11 Hurwitz Zeta Function

… ►

25.11.6 $$\zeta (s,a)=\frac{1}{a^s}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{s-1}\right)-\frac{s(s+1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx,$$ $s\ne 1$, $\mathrm{\Re }s>-1$, $a>0$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Source:

Apostol (1985a, (25), p. 231)

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.12) for Equations (25.11.6), (25.11.19), and (25.11.20)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Errata (effective with 1.0.12):

Originally the integrand was incorrect because its numerator contained the function ${\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)$. The correct function is $\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{2}$.

Reported 2016-05-08 by Clemens Heuberger

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(iii), §25.11 and Ch.25

… ►For ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$ see §24.2(iii). … ►

25.11.19 $${\zeta }^{\prime }(s,a)=-\frac{\ln a}{a^s}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{s-1}\right)-\frac{a^{1-s}}{{(s-1)}^2}+\frac{s(s+1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{({\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2)\ln \left(x+a\right)}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx-\frac{(2s+1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>-1$, $s\ne 1$, $a>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $s$: complex variable and $k$: integer

Keywords:

derivative

Source:

Apostol (1985a, fourth equation, p. 231); with $k=1$, ${\phi }_2(x)=\frac{1}{2}({\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2)$

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.12) for Equations (25.11.6), (25.11.19), and (25.11.20)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E19

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Errata (effective with 1.0.12):

Originally both integrands were incorrect because their numerators contained the function ${\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)$. The correct function is $\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{2}$.

Reported 2016-06-27 by Gergő Nemes

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(vi), §25.11(vi), §25.11 and Ch.25

… ►

§25.11(xii) $a$-Asymptotic Behavior

… ►Similarly, as $a\to \mathrm{\infty }$ in the sector , …

39: Staff

… ►

Adri B. Olde Daalhuis, Mathematics Editor, The University of Edinburgh

… ►

Ronald F. Boisvert, Editor at Large, NIST

… ►

Vadim B. Kuznetsov, University of Leeds, Chap. 31

… ►

Adri B. Olde Daalhuis, University of Edinburgh, Chaps. 13, 15, 16

… ►

Richard B. Paris, University of Abertay, Chaps. 8, 11

…

40: 28.35 Tables

… ►

National Bureau of Standards (1967) includes the eigenvalues $a_n\left(q\right)$, $b_n\left(q\right)$ for $n=0(1)3$ with $q=0(.2)20(.5)37(1)100$, and $n=4(1)15$ with $q=0(2)100$; Fourier coefficients for ${\mathrm{ce}}_n(x,q)$ and ${\mathrm{se}}_n(x,q)$ for $n=0(1)15$, $n=1(1)15$, respectively, and various values of $q$ in the interval $[0,100]$; joining factors $g_{e,n}(\sqrt{q})$, $f_{e,n}(\sqrt{q})$ for $n=0(1)15$ with $q=0(.5\text{ to }10)100$ (but in a different notation). Also, eigenvalues for large values of $q$. Precision is generally 8D.

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