paraxial wave equation

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1: 30.1 Special Notation

… ►The main functions treated in this chapter are the eigenvalues ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$ and the spheroidal wave functions ${\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$, ${\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}}_n^m(x,{\gamma }^2)$, ${\mathrm{𝑃𝑠}}_n^m(z,{\gamma }^2)$, ${\mathrm{𝑄𝑠}}_n^m(z,{\gamma }^2)$, and $S_n^{m(j)}(z,\gamma )$, $j=1,2,3,4$. …Meixner and Schäfke (1954) use $\mathrm{ps}$, $\mathrm{qs}$, $\mathrm{Ps}$, $\mathrm{Qs}$ for $\mathrm{𝖯𝗌}$, $\mathrm{𝖰𝗌}$, $\mathrm{𝑃𝑠}$, $\mathrm{𝑄𝑠}$, respectively. ►

Other Notations

►Flammer (1957) and Abramowitz and Stegun (1964) use ${\lambda }_{mn}(\gamma )$ for ${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)+{\gamma }^2$, $R_{mn}^{(j)}(\gamma ,z)$ for $S_n^{m(j)}(z,\gamma )$, and …

2: 30.11 Radial Spheroidal Wave Functions

§30.11 Radial Spheroidal Wave Functions

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§30.11(i) Definitions

… ►

Connection Formulas

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§30.11(ii) Graphics

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§30.11(iv) Wronskian

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3: 30.2 Differential Equations

§30.2 Differential Equations

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§30.2(i) Spheroidal Differential Equation

… ► … ►The Liouville normal form of equation (30.2.1) is … ►

§30.2(iii) Special Cases

…

4: 31.2 Differential Equations

§31.2 Differential Equations

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§31.2(i) Heun’s Equation

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31.2.1 $$\frac{d^{2}w}{{dz}^2}+\left(\frac{\gamma }{z}+\frac{\delta }{z-1}+\frac{ϵ}{z-a}\right)\frac{dw}{dz}+\frac{\alpha \beta z-q}{z(z-1)(z-a)}w=0,$$ $\alpha +\beta +1=\gamma +\delta +ϵ$.

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex variable, $\gamma$: real or complex parameter, $\delta$: real or complex parameter, $ϵ$: real or complex parameter, $a$: complex parameter, $q$: real or complex parameter, $\alpha$: real or complex parameter and $\beta$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§29.2(ii), §31.11(iii), §31.12, §31.13, §31.14(i), §31.17(i), §31.18, §31.2(v), §31.2(v), §31.2(v), §31.2(i), §31.3(i), §31.3(i), §31.3(ii), §31.3(ii), §31.3(ii), §31.3(iii), §31.3(iii), §31.4, §31.5, §31.6, §31.7(ii), §31.8, §31.8, §31.8

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/31.2.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §31.2(i), §31.2 and Ch.31

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§31.2(v) Heun’s Equation Automorphisms

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Composite Transformations

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5: 29.2 Differential Equations

§29.2 Differential Equations

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§29.2(i) Lamé’s Equation

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§29.2(ii) Other Forms

… ►Equation (29.2.10) is a special case of Heun’s equation (31.2.1).

6: 15.10 Hypergeometric Differential Equation

§15.10 Hypergeometric Differential Equation

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§15.10(i) Fundamental Solutions

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15.10.1 $$z(1-z)\frac{d^{2}w}{{dz}^2}+\left(c-(a+b+1)z\right)\frac{dw}{dz}-abw=0.$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§15.11(i), §15.11(i), §15.17(ii), §15.19(ii), §15.2(ii), §15.5(ii), §16.13, §17.6(iv), §19.18(ii), §19.4(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.10.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.10(i), §15.10 and Ch.15

►This is the hypergeometric differential equation. … ► …

7: 32.2 Differential Equations

§32.2 Differential Equations

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§32.2(i) Introduction

►The six Painlevé equations ${\text{P}}_{\text{I}}$–${\text{P}}_{\text{VI}}$ are as follows: … ►

§32.2(ii) Renormalizations

… ► …

8: 28.2 Definitions and Basic Properties

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§28.2(i) Mathieu’s Equation

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28.2.1 $$w^{\prime \prime }+(a-2q\cos \left(2z\right))w=0.$$

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $q=h^2$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution

A&S Ref:

20.3.1 20.1.1 (in slightly different form)

Referenced by:

§1.18(vii), Figure 28.17.1, Figure 28.17.1, §28.17, §28.17, §28.2(ii), §28.2(ii), §28.2(iii), §28.2(iv), §28.20(i), §28.29(i), §28.32(i), §28.32(i), 1st item, 2nd item, §28.33(iii), item (a), item (c), item (c), §28.5(i), §28.8(iv), §28.8(iv), §28.8(iv), §30.2(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.2.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.2(i), §28.2 and Ch.28

… ►This is the characteristic equation of Mathieu’s equation (28.2.1). … ►

§28.2(iv) Floquet Solutions

… ► …

9: 28.20 Definitions and Basic Properties

… ►

§28.20(i) Modified Mathieu’s Equation

►When $z$ is replaced by $\pm \mathrm{i}z$, (28.2.1) becomes the modified Mathieu’s equation: ►

28.20.1 $$w^{\prime \prime }-\left(a-2q\cosh \left(2z\right)\right)w=0,$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $q=h^2$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution

A&S Ref:

20.1.2 (in slightly different form) 20.8.6

Referenced by:

§28.20(iii), §28.32(i), 1st item, 2nd item, item (b), §28.8(iv), §28.8(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.20.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §28.20(i), §28.20 and Ch.28

… ►

28.20.2 $$({\zeta }^2-1)w^{\prime \prime }+\zeta w^{\prime }+\left(4q{\zeta }^2-2q-a\right)w=0,$$ $\zeta =\cosh z$.

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $q=h^2$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution

Referenced by:

§28.20(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.20.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.20(i), §28.20 and Ch.28

… ►Then from §2.7(ii) it is seen that equation (28.20.2) has independent and unique solutions that are asymptotic to ${\zeta }^{1/2}{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm 2\mathrm{i}h\zeta }$ as $\zeta \to \mathrm{\infty }$ in the respective sectors $|\mathrm{ph}\left(\mp \mathrm{i}\zeta \right)|\le \frac{3}{2}\pi -\delta$, $\delta$ being an arbitrary small positive constant. …

10: 36.10 Differential Equations

§36.10 Differential Equations

… ► $K=1$, fold: (36.10.1) becomes Airy’s equation (§9.2(i)) … ►

§36.10(iii) Operator Equations

… ►Equation (36.10.17) is the paraxial wave equation.