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11: Notices
The DLMF wishes to provide users of special functions with essential reference information related to the use and application of special functions in research, development, and education. …
12: 2.4 Contour Integrals
However, for the purpose of simply deriving the asymptotic expansions the use of steepest descent paths is not essential. … The problems sketched in §§2.3(v) and 2.4(v) involve only two of many possibilities for the coalescence of endpoints, saddle points, and singularities in integrals associated with the special functions. …For a coalescing saddle point and endpoint see Olver (1997b, Chapter 9) and Wong (1989, Chapter 7); if the endpoint is an algebraic singularity then the uniform approximants are parabolic cylinder functions with fixed parameter, and if the endpoint is not a singularity then the uniform approximants are complementary error functions. … For two coalescing saddle points and an algebraic singularity see Temme (1986), Jin and Wong (1998). …
13: 19.36 Methods of Computation
19.36.2 1 3 14 E 2 + 1 6 E 3 + 9 88 E 2 2 3 22 E 4 9 52 E 2 E 3 + 3 26 E 5 1 16 E 2 3 + 3 40 E 3 2 + 3 20 E 2 E 4 + 45 272 E 2 2 E 3 9 68 ( E 3 E 4 + E 2 E 5 ) .
All cases of R F , R C , R J , and R D are computed by essentially the same procedure (after transforming Cauchy principal values by means of (19.20.14) and (19.2.20)). … For computation of Legendre’s integral of the third kind, see Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, §§17.7 and 17.8, Examples 15, 17, 19, and 20). …
14: Bibliography O
  • A. B. Olde Daalhuis and F. W. J. Olver (1994) Exponentially improved asymptotic solutions of ordinary differential equations. II Irregular singularities of rank one. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 445, pp. 39–56.
  • A. B. Olde Daalhuis (1998a) Hyperasymptotic solutions of higher order linear differential equations with a singularity of rank one. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 454, pp. 1–29.
  • F. W. J. Olver and F. Stenger (1965) Error bounds for asymptotic solutions of second-order differential equations having an irregular singularity of arbitrary rank. J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. Ser. B Numer. Anal. 2 (2), pp. 244–249.
  • F. W. J. Olver (1965) On the asymptotic solution of second-order differential equations having an irregular singularity of rank one, with an application to Whittaker functions. J. Soc. Indust. Appl. Math. Ser. B Numer. Anal. 2 (2), pp. 225–243.
  • F. W. J. Olver (1997a) Asymptotic solutions of linear ordinary differential equations at an irregular singularity of rank unity. Methods Appl. Anal. 4 (4), pp. 375–403.
  • 15: Bibliography
  • A. R. Ahmadi and S. E. Widnall (1985) Unsteady lifting-line theory as a singular-perturbation problem. J. Fluid Mech 153, pp. 59–81.
  • H. H. Aly, H. J. W. Müller-Kirsten, and N. Vahedi-Faridi (1975) Scattering by singular potentials with a perturbation – Theoretical introduction to Mathieu functions. J. Mathematical Phys. 16, pp. 961–970.
  • V. I. Arnol’d, S. M. Guseĭn-Zade, and A. N. Varchenko (1988) Singularities of Differentiable Maps. Vol. II. Birkhäuser, Boston-Berlin.
  • V. I. Arnol’d (1972) Normal forms of functions near degenerate critical points, the Weyl groups A k , D k , E k and Lagrangian singularities. Funkcional. Anal. i Priložen. 6 (4), pp. 3–25 (Russian).
  • J. Avron and B. Simon (1982) Singular Continuous Spectrum for a Class of Almost Periodic Jacobi Matrices. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 6 (1), pp. 81–85.
  • 16: 18.35 Pollaczek Polynomials
    indicating the presence of essential singularities. …
    17: Bibliography F
  • FDLIBM (free C library)
  • S. Fempl (1960) Sur certaines sommes des intégral-cosinus. Bull. Soc. Math. Phys. Serbie 12, pp. 13–20 (French).
  • F. Feuillebois (1991) Numerical calculation of singular integrals related to Hankel transform. Comput. Math. Appl. 21 (2-3), pp. 87–94.
  • P. Flajolet and A. Odlyzko (1990) Singularity analysis of generating functions. SIAM J. Discrete Math. 3 (2), pp. 216–240.
  • G. Freud (1969) On weighted polynomial approximation on the whole real axis. Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 20, pp. 223–225.
  • 18: 31.12 Confluent Forms of Heun’s Equation
    Confluent forms of Heun’s differential equation (31.2.1) arise when two or more of the regular singularities merge to form an irregular singularity. … This has regular singularities at z = 0 and 1 , and an irregular singularity of rank 1 at z = . … This has irregular singularities at z = 0 and , each of rank 1 . … This has a regular singularity at z = 0 , and an irregular singularity at of rank 2 . … This has one singularity, an irregular singularity of rank 3 at z = . …
    19: 31.14 General Fuchsian Equation
    The general second-order Fuchsian equation with N + 1 regular singularities at z = a j , j = 1 , 2 , , N , and at , is given by
    31.14.1 d 2 w d z 2 + ( j = 1 N γ j z a j ) d w d z + ( j = 1 N q j z a j ) w = 0 , j = 1 N q j = 0 .
    The exponents at the finite singularities a j are { 0 , 1 γ j } and those at are { α , β } , where …The three sets of parameters comprise the singularity parameters a j , the exponent parameters α , β , γ j , and the N 2 free accessory parameters q j . …
    31.14.3 w ( z ) = ( j = 1 N ( z a j ) γ j / 2 ) W ( z ) ,
    20: Bibliography B
  • G. Backenstoss (1970) Pionic atoms. Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 20, pp. 467–508.
  • K. L. Bell and N. S. Scott (1980) Coulomb functions (negative energies). Comput. Phys. Comm. 20 (3), pp. 447–458.
  • M. V. Berry (1981) Singularities in Waves and Rays. In Les Houches Lecture Series Session XXXV, R. Balian, M. Kléman, and J.-P. Poirier (Eds.), Vol. 35, pp. 453–543.
  • N. Bleistein (1966) Uniform asymptotic expansions of integrals with stationary point near algebraic singularity. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 19, pp. 353–370.
  • N. Bleistein (1967) Uniform asymptotic expansions of integrals with many nearby stationary points and algebraic singularities. J. Math. Mech. 17, pp. 533–559.