Bessel equation

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41: Errata

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18.34.1 $$y_n(x;a)={}_2{}^{}F_0^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-n,n+a-1}{-};-\frac{x}{2})={\left(n+a-1\right)}_n{\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)}^n{}_1{}^{}F_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-n}{-2n-a+2};\frac{2}{x})=n!{\left(-\frac{1}{2}x\right)}^n{L}_n^{(1-a-2n)}\left(2x^{-1}\right)={\left(\frac{1}{2}x\right)}^{1-\frac{1}{2}a}{\mathrm{e}}^{1/x}{W}_{1-\frac{1}{2}a,\frac{1}{2}(a-1)+n}\left(2x^{-1}\right)$$

This equation was updated to include the definition of Bessel polynomials in terms of Laguerre polynomials and the Whittaker confluent hypergeometric function.

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18.34.2

$y_n(x)=y_n(x;2)=2{\pi }^{-1}{x}^{-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{1/x}{𝗄}_n\left(x^{-1}\right),$

${\theta }_n(x)=x^n{y}_n(x^{-1})=2{\pi }^{-1}{x}^{n+1}{\mathrm{e}}^x{𝗄}_n\left(x\right)$

This equation was updated to include definitions in terms of the modified spherical Bessel function of the second kind.

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The following additions were made in Chapter 1:

• New subsections, 1.2(v) Matrices, Vectors, Scalar Products, and Norms and 1.2(vi) Square Matrices, with Equations (1.2.27)–(1.2.77).

• The title of this section was changed from “Determinants” to “Determinants, Linear Operators, and Spectral Expansions”. An extra paragraph just below (1.3.7). New subsection, 1.3(iv) Matrices as Linear Operators, with Equations (1.3.20), (1.3.21).

• In 1.4(v), three new paragraphs on Stieltjes integrals/measure, with Equations (1.4.23_1)–(1.4.23_3).

• In Subsection 1.8(i), the title of the paragraph “Bessel’s Inequality” was changed to “Parseval’s Formula”. We give the relation between the real and the complex coefficients, and include more general versions of Parseval’s Formula, Equations (1.8.6_1), (1.8.6_2). The title of Subsection 1.8(iv) was changed from “Transformations” to “Poisson’s Summation Formula”, and we added an extra remark just below (1.8.14).

• New subsection, 1.10(xi) Generating Functions, with Equations (1.10.26)–(1.10.29).

• New subsection, 1.13(viii) Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions: Sturm-Liouville and Liouville forms, with Equations (1.13.26)–(1.13.31).

• Another form of Parseval’s formula, (1.14.7_5).

• We include several extra remarks and Equations (1.16.3_5), (1.16.9_5). New subsection, 1.16(ix) References for Section 1.16.

• Two extra paragraphs in Subsection 1.17(ii) Integral Representations, with Equations (1.17.12_1), (1.17.12_2); Subsection 1.17(iv) Mathematical Definitions is almost completely rewritten.

• An entire new section, 1.18 Linear Second Order Differential Operators and Eigenfunction Expansions, including new subsections, 1.18(i)–1.18(x), and several equations, (1.18.1)–(1.18.71).

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10.22.72 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{J}_{\mu }\left(at\right)J_{\nu }\left(bt\right)J_{\nu }\left(ct\right)t^{1-\mu }dt=\frac{{(bc)}^{\mu -1}\sin \left((\mu -\nu )\pi \right){(\sinh \chi )}^{\mu -\frac{1}{2}}}{{(\frac{1}{2}{\pi }^3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{a}^{\mu }}{\mathrm{e}}^{(\mu -\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{i}\pi }{Q}_{\nu -\frac{1}{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}-\mu }\left(\cosh \chi \right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }\mu >-\frac{1}{2},\mathrm{\Re }\nu >-1,a>b+c,\cosh \chi =(a^2-b^2-c^2)/(2bc)$

Originally, the factor on the right-hand side was written as $\frac{{(bc)}^{\mu -1}\cos \left(\nu \pi \right){(\sinh \chi )}^{\mu -\frac{1}{2}}}{{(\frac{1}{2}{\pi }^3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{a}^{\mu }}$, which was taken directly from Watson (1944, p. 412, (13.46.5)), who uses a different normalization for the associated Legendre function of the second kind $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }$. Watson’s $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }$ equals $\frac{\sin \left((\nu +\mu )\pi \right)}{\sin \left(\nu \pi \right)}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mu \pi \mathrm{i}}{Q}_{\nu }^{\mu }$ in the DLMF.

Reported by Arun Ravishankar on 2018-10-22

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These equations have been generalized to include the additional cases of $\partial J_{-\nu }\left(z\right)/\partial \nu$, $\partial I_{-\nu }\left(z\right)/\partial \nu$, respectively.

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42: Bibliography O

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A new method for the evaluation of zeros of Bessel functions and of other solutions of second-order differential equations. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 46 (4), pp. 570–580.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (J. Todd), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.21(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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43: Bibliography Z

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On the Computation of Zeros of Bessel and Bessel-related Functions. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Colloquium on Differential Equations (Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 1995), D. Bainov (Ed.), Utrecht, pp. 409–416.

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External Links:

MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.74(vi).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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44: 10.44 Sums

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§10.44(i) Multiplication Theorem

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§10.44(ii) Addition Theorems

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Graf’s and Gegenbauer’s Addition Theorems

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§10.44(iii) Neumann-Type Expansions

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§10.44(iv) Compendia

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45: 10.56 Generating Functions

§10.56 Generating Functions

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10.56.1 $$\frac{\cos \sqrt{z^2-2zt}}{z}=\frac{\cos z}{z}+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{t^n}{n!}{𝗃}_{n-1}\left(z\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), ${𝗃}_n\left(z\right)$: spherical Bessel function of the first kind, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§10.56, Ch.10

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.56.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.56 and Ch.10

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10.56.2 $$\frac{\sin \sqrt{z^2-2zt}}{z}=\frac{\sin z}{z}+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{t^n}{n!}{𝗒}_{n-1}\left(z\right).$$

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Symbols:

$!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\sin z$: sine function, ${𝗒}_n\left(z\right)$: spherical Bessel function of the second kind, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§10.56

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.56.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.56 and Ch.10

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10.56.3 $$\frac{\cosh \sqrt{z^2+2\mathrm{i}zt}}{z}=\frac{\cosh z}{z}+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(\mathrm{i}t)}^n}{n!}{𝗂}_{n-1}^{(1)}\left(z\right),$$

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Symbols:

$!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, ${𝗂}_n^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: modified spherical Bessel function, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§10.56

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.56.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.56 and Ch.10

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10.56.4 $$\frac{\sinh \sqrt{z^2+2\mathrm{i}zt}}{z}=\frac{\sinh z}{z}+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(\mathrm{i}t)}^n}{n!}{𝗂}_{n-1}^{(2)}\left(z\right),$$

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Symbols:

$!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, ${𝗂}_n^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: modified spherical Bessel function, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§10.56

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.56.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.56 and Ch.10

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46: 10.21 Zeros

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§10.21(xi) Riccati–Bessel Functions

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47: 13.8 Asymptotic Approximations for Large Parameters

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13.8.11 $$U(a,b,z)\sim 2{\left(z/a\right)}^{(1-b)/2}\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{z/2}}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a\right)}\left(K_{b-1}\left(2\sqrt{az}\right)\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{p_s(z)}{a^s}+\sqrt{z/a}{K}_b\left(2\sqrt{az}\right)\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{q_s(z)}{a^s}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $U(a,b,z)$: Kummer confluent hypergeometric function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $K_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the second kind, $s$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§13.8(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/13.8.E11

Encodings:

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Addition (effective with 1.0.11):

The whole paragraph containing this equation has been added.

See also:

Annotations for §13.8(iii), §13.8 and Ch.13

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13.8.12 $$𝐌(a,b,z)\sim {\left(z/a\right)}^{(1-b)/2}\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{z/2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1+a-b\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a\right)}\left(I_{b-1}\left(2\sqrt{az}\right)\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{p_s(z)}{a^s}-\sqrt{z/a}{I}_b\left(2\sqrt{az}\right)\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{q_s(z)}{a^s}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $𝐌(a,b,z)$: Olver’s confluent hypergeometric function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $s$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/13.8.E12

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.11):

The whole paragraph containing this equation has been added.

See also:

Annotations for §13.8(iii), §13.8 and Ch.13

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13.8.13 $$𝐌(-a,b,z)\sim {\left(z/a\right)}^{(1-b)/2}\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{z/2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1+a\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a+b\right)}\left(J_{b-1}\left(2\sqrt{az}\right)\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{p_s(z)}{{(-a)}^s}-\sqrt{z/a}{J}_b\left(2\sqrt{az}\right)\sum _{s=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{q_s(z)}{{(-a)}^s}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $𝐌(a,b,z)$: Olver’s confluent hypergeometric function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $s$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

(13.8.13)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/13.8.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.11):

The whole paragraph containing this equation has been added. Expansion (13.8.13) is (10.3.58) in Temme (2015). In that reference the ${(-1)}^s$ is missing.

See also:

Annotations for §13.8(iii), §13.8 and Ch.13

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48: 10.35 Generating Function and Associated Series

§10.35 Generating Function and Associated Series

… ►Jacobi–Anger expansions: for $z,\theta \in ℂ$, … ►

10.35.4 $$1=I_0\left(z\right)-2I_2\left(z\right)+2I_4\left(z\right)-2I_6\left(z\right)+\mathrm{\cdots },$$

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Symbols:

$I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

9.6.36

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.35.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.35 and Ch.10

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$$\cosh z=I_0\left(z\right)+2I_2\left(z\right)+2I_4\left(z\right)+2I_6\left(z\right)+\mathrm{\dots },$$

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$$\sinh z=2I_1\left(z\right)+2I_3\left(z\right)+2I_5\left(z\right)+\mathrm{\dots }.$$

49: 18.17 Integrals

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18.17.16_5 $${\int }_{-1}^1{(1-x^2)}^{\lambda -\frac{1}{2}}{C}_n^{(\lambda )}\left(x\right){\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}xy}dx=\frac{2\pi {\mathrm{i}}^n\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(n+2\lambda \right)J_{n+\lambda }\left(y\right)}{n!\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\lambda \right){(2y)}^{\lambda }},$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $C_n^{(\lambda )}\left(x\right)$: ultraspherical (or Gegenbauer) polynomial, $y$: real variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Referenced by:

§18.17(v), Erratum (V1.2.0) Section 18.17

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.17.E16_5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.2.0):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §18.17(v), §18.17(v), §18.17 and Ch.18

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50: 10.27 Connection Formulas

§10.27 Connection Formulas

►Other solutions of (10.25.1) are $I_{-\nu }\left(z\right)$ and $K_{-\nu }\left(z\right)$. ►

10.27.1 $$I_{-n}\left(z\right)=I_n\left(z\right),$$

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Symbols:

$I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

9.6.6

Referenced by:

§10.27, §10.31, §10.44(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.27.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §10.27 and Ch.10

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10.27.7 $$I_{\nu }\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp \nu \pi \mathrm{i}/2}\left(H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}/2}\right)+H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}/2}\right)\right),$$ $-\pi \le \pm \mathrm{ph}z\le \frac{1}{2}\pi$.

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Symbols:

$H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.27.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.27 and Ch.10

… ►Many properties of modified Bessel functions follow immediately from those of ordinary Bessel functions by application of (10.27.6)–(10.27.8).