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21: 26.14 Permutations: Order Notation

… ►As an example, $35247816$ is an element of ${𝔖}_8.$ The inversion number is the number of pairs of elements for which the larger element precedes the smaller: … ►The permutation $35247816$ has two descents: $52$ and $81$. …For example, $maj(35247816)=2+6=8$. … ►In this subsection $S(n,k)$ is again the Stirling number of the second kind (§26.8), and $B_m$ is the $m$th Bernoulli number (§24.2(i)). … ►

26.14.11 $m\ge 2$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, : Eulerian number, $k$: nonnegative integer and $m$: nonnegative integer

Referenced by:

§24.4(ix), §26.14(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.14.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.14(iii), §26.14 and Ch.26

…

22: 1.3 Determinants, Linear Operators, and Spectral Expansions

… ►Square matices can be seen as linear operators because $𝐀(\alpha 𝐚+\beta 𝐛)=\alpha 𝐀𝐚+\beta 𝐀𝐛$ for all $\alpha ,\beta \in ℂ$ and $𝐚,𝐛\in {𝐄}_n$, the space of all $n$-dimensional vectors. … ►The adjoint of a matrix $𝐀$ is the matrix ${𝐀}^{\ast }$ such that $⟨𝐀𝐚,𝐛⟩=⟨𝐚,{𝐀}^{\ast }𝐛⟩$ for all $𝐚,𝐛\in {𝐄}_n$. In the case of a real matrix ${𝐀}^{\ast }={𝐀}^{\mathrm{T}}$ and in the complex case ${𝐀}^{\ast }={𝐀}^{\mathrm{H}}$. ►Real symmetric ($𝐀={𝐀}^{\mathrm{T}}$) and Hermitian ($𝐀={𝐀}^{\mathrm{H}}$) matrices are self-adjoint operators on ${𝐄}_n$. … ►For self-adjoint $𝐀$ and $𝐁$, if $[𝐀,𝐁]=𝟎$, see (1.2.66), simultaneous eigenvectors of $𝐀$ and $𝐁$ always exist. …

23: 25.16 Mathematical Applications

… ►

25.16.2 $$\psi \left(x\right)=x-\frac{{\zeta }^{\prime }\left(0\right)}{\zeta \left(0\right)}-\sum _{\rho }\frac{x^{\rho }}{\rho }+o\left(1\right),$$ $x\to \mathrm{\infty }$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\psi \left(x\right)$: Chebyshev $\psi$-function, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $o\left(x\right)$: order less than and $x$: real variable

Keywords:

asymptotic approximation

Source:

Apostol (2000, p. 9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.16.E2

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §25.16(i), §25.16 and Ch.25

… ►where $H_n$ is given by (25.11.33). … ► $H\left(s\right)$ has a simple pole with residue $\zeta \left(1-2r\right)$ ($=-B_{2r}/(2r)$) at each odd negative integer $s=1-2r$, $r=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$. … ►

25.16.14 $$\sum _{r=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\sum _{k=1}^r\frac{1}{rk(r+k)}=\frac{5}{4}\zeta \left(3\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function and $k$: nonnegative integer

Keywords:

infinite series, special value

Source:

Apostol and Vu (1984, (14), p. 94)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.16.E14

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §25.16(ii), §25.16 and Ch.25

►

25.16.15 $$\sum _{r=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\sum _{k=1}^r\frac{1}{r^2(r+k)}=\frac{3}{4}\zeta \left(3\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function and $k$: nonnegative integer

Keywords:

infinite series, special value

Source:

Apostol and Vu (1984, (15), p. 94)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.16.E15

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.16(ii), §25.16 and Ch.25

…

24: 11.11 Asymptotic Expansions of Anger–Weber Functions

… ►Let $F_0(\nu )=G_0(\nu )=1$, and for $k=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$, … ►

$b_2(\lambda )={\displaystyle \frac{4+300{\lambda }^2+81{\lambda }^4}{864{(1-{\lambda }^2)}^{13/4}}}$ .

… ►When $\nu$ is real and positive, all of (11.11.10)–(11.11.17) can be regarded as special cases of two asymptotic expansions given in Olver (1997b, pp. 352–360) for ${𝐀}_{-\nu }\left(\lambda \nu \right)$ as $\nu \to +\mathrm{\infty }$, one being uniform for , and the other being uniform for $\lambda \ge 1$. (Note that Olver’s definition of ${𝐀}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$ omits the factor $1/\pi$ in (11.10.4).) … ►Lastly, corresponding asymptotic approximations and expansions for ${𝐉}_{\nu }\left(\lambda \nu \right)$ and ${𝐄}_{\nu }\left(\lambda \nu \right)$, with or $\lambda >1$, follow from (11.10.15) and (11.10.16) and the corresponding asymptotic expansions for the Bessel functions $J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$ and $Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$; see §10.19(ii). …

25: Bibliography M

… ►

Formulas and Theorems for the Special Functions of Mathematical Physics. 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin.

ⓘ

Notes:

Table errata: Math. Comp. v. 23 (1969), p. 471, v. 24 (1970), pp. 240 and 505, v. 25 (1971), no. 113, p. 201, v. 29 (1975), no. 130, p. 672, v. 30 (1976), no. 135, pp. 677–678, v. 32 (1978), no. 141, pp. 319–320, v. 36 (1981), no. 153, pp. 315–317, v. 41 (1983), no. 164, pp. 775–776, and v. 81 (2012), no. 280, p. 2251

External Links:

MathReview (Mary L. Boas), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.15, §10.22(vi), §10.32(iv), §10.38, §10.43(vi), §10.60(iv), §10.9(iv), §11.5(iii), Ch.11, §12.12, §12.5(iv), Ch.12, §13.10(vi), §13.23(iv), §14.1, §14.11, §14.12(ii), §14.18(iv), §14.25, §14.3(iii), §14.5(v), §14.7(iv), Ch.14, (25.5.21), §25.5, (25.6.1), (25.6.2), §25.6(i), §8.1, Notations B, Notations I, Notations P, Notations P, Notations Q, Notations Q.

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

On the Representation of Meijer’s $G$-Function in the Vicinity of Singular Unity. In Complex Analysis and Applications ’81 (Varna, 1981), pp. 383–398.

ⓘ

External Links:

MathReview (B. D. Agrawal), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§16.21.

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

On the roots of the Bessel and certain related functions. Ann. of Math. 9 (1-6), pp. 23–30.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0003-486X, FullText, MathReview Entry, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.21(x).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Orthogonale Polynomsysteme mit einer besonderen Gestalt der erzeugenden Funktion. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 9, pp. 6–13 (German).

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0024-6107; 1469-7750/e, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.2(xii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

The $q$-analogue of the Laguerre polynomials. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 81 (1), pp. 20–47.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0022-247X, Document, MathReview (R. A. Askey), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.27(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

26: Bibliography B

… ►

Numerical evaluation of the zero-order Hankel transform using Filon quadrature philosophy. Appl. Math. Lett. 9 (5), pp. 21–26.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0893-9659, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.74(vii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Avoided crossings of the quartic oscillator. J. Phys. A 30 (9), pp. 3057–3067.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0305-4470, Document, MathReview (Gabriel Alvarez), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§31.17(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Methods of calculation of radial wave functions and new tables of Coulomb functions. Physical Rev. (2) 80, pp. 553–560.

ⓘ

External Links:

Document, MathReview (S. C. van Veen), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§33.7.

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Algorithm 524: MP, A Fortran multiple-precision arithmetic package [A1]. ACM Trans. Math. Software 4 (1), pp. 71–81.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0098-3500, Document, Remark. GAMS (module 524; package TOMS)

Referenced by:

3rd item, 1st item, 1st item, 1st item, 3rd item, 1st item, 1st item.

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

The determination of phases and amplitudes of wave functions. Proc. Phys. Soc. 81 (3), pp. 442–452.

ⓘ

External Links:

Document

Referenced by:

§33.23(vii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

27: 15.7 Continued Fractions

… ►

15.7.1 $$\frac{𝐅(a,b;c;z)}{𝐅(a,b+1;c+1;z)}=t_0-\frac{u_{1}z}{t_1-}\frac{u_{2}z}{t_2-}\frac{u_{3}z}{t_3-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter, $c$: real or complex parameter, $t_n$: coefficient and $u_n$: coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.7.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.7 and Ch.15

… ►

15.7.3 $$\frac{𝐅(a,b;c;z)}{𝐅(a,b+1;c+1;z)}=v_0-\frac{w_1}{v_1-}\frac{w_2}{v_2-}\frac{w_3}{v_3-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter, $c$: real or complex parameter, $v_n$: coefficient and $w_n$: coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.7.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.7 and Ch.15

… ►

15.7.5 $$\frac{𝐅(a,b;c;z)}{𝐅(a+1,b+1;c+1;z)}=x_0+\frac{y_1}{x_1+}\frac{y_2}{x_2+}\frac{y_3}{x_3+}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $x$: real variable, $y$: real variable, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.7.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.7 and Ch.15

…

28: 25.6 Integer Arguments

… ►

$\zeta \left(4\right)={\displaystyle \frac{{\pi }^4}{90}},$

… ►

25.6.2 $$\zeta \left(2n\right)=\frac{{(2\pi )}^{2n}}{2(2n)!}\left|B_{2n}\right|,$$ $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$) and $n$: nonnegative integer

Sources:

Magnus et al. (1966, p. 19); Apostol (1976, (22), p. 266)

A&S Ref:

23.2.16

Referenced by:

(25.11.21)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(i), §25.6 and Ch.25

►

25.6.3 $$\zeta \left(-n\right)=-\frac{B_{n+1}}{n+1},$$ $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function and $n$: nonnegative integer

Source:

Apostol (1976, (20), p. 266); with $n\ne 0$

A&S Ref:

23.2.15 (in slightly different form)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(i), §25.6 and Ch.25

… ►

25.6.6 $$\zeta \left(2k+1\right)=\frac{{(-1)}^{k+1}{(2\pi )}^{2k+1}}{2(2k+1)!}{\int }_0^1{B}_{2k+1}\left(t\right)\cot \left(\pi t\right)dt,$$ $k=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n\left(x\right)$: Bernoulli polynomials, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cot z$: cotangent function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\int$: integral and $k$: nonnegative integer

Source:

Nörlund (1924, (81*), p. 66); with $\nu =k$

A&S Ref:

23.2.17

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(i), §25.6 and Ch.25

… ►

25.6.15 $${\zeta }^{\prime }\left(2n\right)=\frac{{(-1)}^{n+1}{(2\pi )}^{2n}}{2(2n)!}\left(2n{\zeta }^{\prime }\left(1-2n\right)-(\psi \left(2n\right)-\ln \left(2\pi \right))B_{2n}\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $n$: nonnegative integer

Source:

Miller and Adamchik (1998, (2), p. 202)

Referenced by:

(25.11.21)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E15

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(ii), §25.6 and Ch.25

…

29: 22.17 Moduli Outside the Interval [0,1]

… ►

$k_1={\displaystyle \frac{k}{\sqrt{1+k^2}}},$

►

$k_1{k}_1^{\prime }={\displaystyle \frac{k}{1+k^2}},$

►

22.17.6 $$\mathrm{sn}(z,\mathrm{i}k)=k_1^{\prime }\mathrm{sd}(z/k_1^{\prime },k_1),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{sd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{sn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus, $k_1$: change of variable and $k_1^{\prime }$: change of variable

A&S Ref:

16.10.2 (modified)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.17.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.17(i), §22.17 and Ch.22

►

22.17.7 $$\mathrm{cn}(z,\mathrm{i}k)=\mathrm{cd}(z/k_1^{\prime },k_1),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{cd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{cn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus, $k_1$: change of variable and $k_1^{\prime }$: change of variable

A&S Ref:

16.10.3 (modified)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.17.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.17(i), §22.17 and Ch.22

►

22.17.8 $$\mathrm{dn}(z,\mathrm{i}k)=\mathrm{nd}(z/k_1^{\prime },k_1).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{dn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{nd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus, $k_1$: change of variable and $k_1^{\prime }$: change of variable

A&S Ref:

16.10.4 (modified)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.17.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.17(i), §22.17 and Ch.22

…

30: 3.5 Quadrature

… ►If $f\in C^{2m+2}[a,b]$, then the remainder $E_n(f)$ in (3.5.2) can be expanded in the form … ►For the Bernoulli numbers $B_m$ see §24.2(i). … ►About $2^9=512$ function evaluations are needed. … ►with weight function $w(x)$, is one for which $E_n(f)=0$ whenever $f$ is a polynomial of degree $\le n-1$. … ►For further information, see Mason and Handscomb (2003, Chapter 8), Davis and Rabinowitz (1984, pp. 74–92), and Clenshaw and Curtis (1960). …