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11: 27.8 Dirichlet Characters
For any character χ ( mod k ) , χ ( n ) 0 if and only if ( n , k ) = 1 , in which case the Euler–Fermat theorem (27.2.8) implies ( χ ( n ) ) ϕ ( k ) = 1 . …
27.8.6 r = 1 ϕ ( k ) χ r ( m ) χ ¯ r ( n ) = { ϕ ( k ) , m n ( mod k ) , 0 , otherwise .
A Dirichlet character χ ( mod k ) is called primitive (mod k ) if for every proper divisor d of k (that is, a divisor d < k ), there exists an integer a 1 ( mod d ) , with ( a , k ) = 1 and χ ( a ) 1 . …
27.8.7 χ ( a ) = 1  for all  a 1  (mod  d ) , ( a , k ) = 1 .
12: Bibliography R
  • E. M. Rains (1998) Normal limit theorems for symmetric random matrices. Probab. Theory Related Fields 112 (3), pp. 411–423.
  • P. Ribenboim (1979) 13 Lectures on Fermat’s Last Theorem. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  • R. Roy (2017) Elliptic and modular functions from Gauss to Dedekind to Hecke. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • G. B. Rybicki (1989) Dawson’s integral and the sampling theorem. Computers in Physics 3 (2), pp. 85–87.
  • 13: 27.12 Asymptotic Formulas: Primes
    Prime Number Theorem
    For example, if 2 n 2 ( mod n ) , then n is composite. … A Carmichael number is a composite number n for which b n b ( mod n ) for all b . …
    14: 27.14 Unrestricted Partitions
    Euler’s pentagonal number theorem states that …
    §27.14(iv) Relation to Modular Functions
    Dedekind sums occur in the transformation theory of the Dedekind modular function η ( τ ) , defined by … For further properties of the function η ( τ ) see §§23.1523.19. … implies p ( 5 n + 4 ) 0 ( mod 5 ) . …
    15: Bibliography S
  • C. L. Siegel (1973) Topics in Complex Function Theory. Vol. III: Abelian Functions and Modular Functions of Several Variables. Interscience Tracts in Pure and Applied Mathematics, No. 25, Wiley-Interscience, [John Wiley & Sons, Inc], New York-London-Sydney.
  • B. Simon (2005c) Sturm oscillation and comparison theorems. In Sturm-Liouville theory, pp. 29–43.
  • B. Simon (2011) Szegő’s Theorem and Its Descendants. Spectral Theory for L 2 Perturbations of Orthogonal Polynomials. M. B. Porter Lectures, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.