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21: 10.3 Graphics
§10.3(i) Real Order and Variable
§10.3(ii) Real Order, Complex Variable
See accompanying text
Figure 10.3.14: H 5 ( 1 ) ( x + i y ) , 20 x 10 , 4 y 4 . … Magnify 3D Help
See accompanying text
Figure 10.3.16: H 5.5 ( 1 ) ( x + i y ) , 20 x 10 , 4 y 4 . … Magnify 3D Help
§10.3(iii) Imaginary Order, Real Variable
22: Bibliography
  • M. J. Ablowitz and H. Segur (1977) Exact linearization of a Painlevé transcendent. Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 (20), pp. 1103–1106.
  • A. Adelberg (1992) On the degrees of irreducible factors of higher order Bernoulli polynomials. Acta Arith. 62 (4), pp. 329–342.
  • L. V. Ahlfors (1966) Complex Analysis: An Introduction of the Theory of Analytic Functions of One Complex Variable. 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.
  • S. V. Aksenov, M. A. Savageau, U. D. Jentschura, J. Becher, G. Soff, and P. J. Mohr (2003) Application of the combined nonlinear-condensation transformation to problems in statistical analysis and theoretical physics. Comput. Phys. Comm. 150 (1), pp. 1–20.
  • D. E. Amos (1989) Repeated integrals and derivatives of K Bessel functions. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 20 (1), pp. 169–175.
  • 23: 11.6 Asymptotic Expansions
    11.6.1 𝐊 ν ( z ) 1 π k = 0 Γ ( k + 1 2 ) ( 1 2 z ) ν 2 k 1 Γ ( ν + 1 2 k ) , | ph z | π δ ,
    11.6.2 𝐌 ν ( z ) 1 π k = 0 ( 1 ) k + 1 Γ ( k + 1 2 ) ( 1 2 z ) ν 2 k 1 Γ ( ν + 1 2 k ) , | ph z | 1 2 π δ .
    11.6.3 0 z 𝐊 0 ( t ) d t 2 π ( ln ( 2 z ) + γ ) 2 π k = 1 ( 1 ) k + 1 ( 2 k ) ! ( 2 k 1 ) ! ( k ! ) 2 ( 2 z ) 2 k , | ph z | π δ ,
    c 3 ( λ ) = 20 λ 6 4 λ 4 ,
    24: 9.9 Zeros
    However, Bi ( z ) and Bi ( z ) each have an infinite number of complex zeros. They lie in the sectors 1 3 π < ph z < 1 2 π and 1 2 π < ph z < 1 3 π , and are denoted by β k , β k , respectively, in the former sector, and by β k ¯ , β k ¯ , in the conjugate sector, again arranged in ascending order of absolute value (modulus) for k = 1 , 2 , . See §9.3(ii) for visualizations. For the distribution in of the zeros of Ai ( z ) σ Ai ( z ) , where σ is an arbitrary complex constant, see Muraveĭ (1976) and Gil and Segura (2014). … If k is regarded as a continuous variable, then … Tables 9.9.3 and 9.9.4 give the corresponding results for the first ten complex zeros of Bi and Bi in the upper half plane. …
    25: 19.36 Methods of Computation
    Numerical differences between the variables of a symmetric integral can be reduced in magnitude by successive factors of 4 by repeated applications of the duplication theorem, as shown by (19.26.18). … Complex values of the variables are allowed, with some restrictions in the case of R J that are sufficient but not always necessary. … The incomplete integrals R F ( x , y , z ) and R G ( x , y , z ) can be computed by successive transformations in which two of the three variables converge quadratically to a common value and the integrals reduce to R C , accompanied by two quadratically convergent series in the case of R G ; compare Carlson (1965, §§5,6). … The function el2 ( x , k c , a , b ) is computed by descending Landen transformations if x is real, or by descending Gauss transformations if x is complex (Bulirsch (1965b)). … For computation of Legendre’s integral of the third kind, see Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, §§17.7 and 17.8, Examples 15, 17, 19, and 20). …
    26: Bibliography D
  • C. de la Vallée Poussin (1896a) Recherches analytiques sur la théorie des nombres premiers. Première partie. La fonction ζ ( s ) de Riemann et les nombres premiers en général, suivi d’un Appendice sur des réflexions applicables à une formule donnée par Riemann. Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 20, pp. 183–256 (French).
  • B. Döring (1966) Complex zeros of cylinder functions. Math. Comp. 20 (94), pp. 215–222.
  • T. M. Dunster (1990b) Uniform asymptotic solutions of second-order linear differential equations having a double pole with complex exponent and a coalescing turning point. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 21 (6), pp. 1594–1618.
  • T. M. Dunster (1994b) Uniform asymptotic solutions of second-order linear differential equations having a simple pole and a coalescing turning point in the complex plane. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 25 (2), pp. 322–353.
  • A. Dzieciol, S. Yngve, and P. O. Fröman (1999) Coulomb wave functions with complex values of the variable and the parameters. J. Math. Phys. 40 (12), pp. 6145–6166.
  • 27: 30.9 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions
    2 20 β 5 = 527 q 7 61529 q 5 10 43961 q 3 22 41599 q + 32 m 2 ( 5739 q 5 + 1 27550 q 3 + 2 98951 q ) 2048 m 4 ( 355 q 3 + 1505 q ) + 65536 m 6 q .
    For uniform asymptotic expansions in terms of Airy or Bessel functions for real values of the parameters, complex values of the variable, and with explicit error bounds see Dunster (1986). … For uniform asymptotic expansions in terms of elementary, Airy, or Bessel functions for real values of the parameters, complex values of the variable, and with explicit error bounds see Dunster (1992, 1995). … The asymptotic behavior of λ n m ( γ 2 ) and a n , k m ( γ 2 ) as n in descending powers of 2 n + 1 is derived in Meixner (1944). …The behavior of λ n m ( γ 2 ) for complex γ 2 and large | λ n m ( γ 2 ) | is investigated in Hunter and Guerrieri (1982). …
    28: Bibliography K
  • A. A. Kapaev and A. V. Kitaev (1993) Connection formulae for the first Painlevé transcendent in the complex domain. Lett. Math. Phys. 27 (4), pp. 243–252.
  • R. B. Kearfott, M. Dawande, K. Du, and C. Hu (1994) Algorithm 737: INTLIB: A portable Fortran 77 interval standard-function library. ACM Trans. Math. Software 20 (4), pp. 447–459.
  • A. V. Kitaev and A. H. Vartanian (2004) Connection formulae for asymptotics of solutions of the degenerate third Painlevé equation. I. Inverse Problems 20 (4), pp. 1165–1206.
  • M. Kodama (2011) Algorithm 912: a module for calculating cylindrical functions of complex order and complex argument. ACM Trans. Math. Software 37 (4), pp. Art. 47, 25.
  • T. H. Koornwinder (2009) The Askey scheme as a four-manifold with corners. Ramanujan J. 20 (3), pp. 409–439.
  • 29: Bibliography I
  • Y. Ikebe, Y. Kikuchi, I. Fujishiro, N. Asai, K. Takanashi, and M. Harada (1993) The eigenvalue problem for infinite compact complex symmetric matrices with application to the numerical computation of complex zeros of J 0 ( z ) i J 1 ( z ) and of Bessel functions J m ( z ) of any real order m . Linear Algebra Appl. 194, pp. 35–70.
  • K. Inkeri (1959) The real roots of Bernoulli polynomials. Ann. Univ. Turku. Ser. A I 37, pp. 1–20.
  • M. E. H. Ismail (2005) Classical and Quantum Orthogonal Polynomials in One Variable. Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, Vol. 98, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • M. E. H. Ismail (2009) Classical and Quantum Orthogonal Polynomials in One Variable. Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, Vol. 98, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • A. R. Its, A. S. Fokas, and A. A. Kapaev (1994) On the asymptotic analysis of the Painlevé equations via the isomonodromy method. Nonlinearity 7 (5), pp. 1291–1325.
  • 30: 18.39 Applications in the Physical Sciences
    The solutions (18.39.8) are called the stationary states as separation of variables in (18.39.9) yields solutions of form …
    §18.39(ii) A 3D Separable Quantum System, the Hydrogen Atom
    Derivations of (18.39.42) appear in Bethe and Salpeter (1957, pp. 12–20), and Pauling and Wilson (1985, Chapter V and Appendix VII), where the derivations are based on (18.39.36), and is also the notation of Piela (2014, §4.7), typifying the common use of the associated Coulomb–Laguerre polynomials in theoretical quantum chemistry. … A major difficulty in such calculations, loss of precision, is addressed in Gautschi (2009) where use of variable precision arithmetic is discussed and employed. … where s is a real, positive, scaling factor, and l a non-negative integer. …