of type 2

SearchAdvancedHelp

(0.006 seconds)

1—10 of 97 matching pages

1: 18.27 $q$-Hahn Class

… ►

18.27.6 $$P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(x;c,d;q)=\frac{c^n{q}^{-(\alpha +1)n}{(q^{\alpha +1},-q^{\alpha +1}{c}^{-1}d;q)}_n}{{(q,-q;q)}_n}{P}_n(q^{\alpha +1}{c}^{-1}x;q^{\alpha },q^{\beta },-q^{\alpha }{c}^{-1}d;q),$$

ⓘ

Defines:

$P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(x;c,d;q)$: big $q$-Jacobi polynomial and $P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(x;c,d;q)$ (locally)

Symbols:

$(a,b)$: open interval, $P_n(x;a,b,c;q)$: big $q$-Jacobi polynomial, ${(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;q)}_n$: multiple $q$-Pochhammer symbol, $q$: real variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Source:

Andrews and Askey (1985, (3.28))

Referenced by:

(18.27.12_5), §18.27(iii), Erratum (V1.0.17) for Equation (18.27.6)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.27.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Errata (effective with 1.0.17):

Originally the first argument of the big $q$-Jacobi polynomial on the right-hand side was written incorrectly as $q^{\alpha +1}{c}^{-1}dx$.

Reported 2017-09-27 by Tom Koornwinder

See also:

Annotations for §18.27(iii), §18.27 and Ch.18

… ►

18.27.10 $$p_n(x)=P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(x;c,d;q)$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(x;c,d;q)$: big $q$-Jacobi polynomial, $p_n(x)$: polynomial of degree $n$ , $q$: real variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.27.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §18.27(iii), §18.27 and Ch.18

… ►

18.27.12_5 $$\underset{q\to 1}{lim}{P}_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(x;c,d;q)={\left(\frac{c+d}{2}\right)}^n{P}_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}\left(\frac{2x-c+d}{c+d}\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$: $=F(a,b;c;z)$ notation for Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}\left(x\right)$: Jacobi polynomial, $P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(x;c,d;q)$: big $q$-Jacobi polynomial, $q$: real variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Source:

Andrews and Askey (1985, (3.33)); for $c=d=1$

Proof sketch:

On the left substitute first (18.27.6) and next (18.27.5). Then, after taking the limit, a ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}$ hypergeometric function occurs. Finally use (18.5.7).

Referenced by:

§18.27(iii), §18.27(iii), Erratum (V1.2.0) Section 18.27

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.27.E12_5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.2.0):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §18.27(iii), §18.27(iii), §18.27 and Ch.18

…

2: 18.35 Pollaczek Polynomials

… ►For type 2, with notation … ►First consider type 2. … … ►Then …

3: 18.30 Associated OP’s

… ►They can be expressed in terms of type 3 Pollaczek polynomials (which are also associated type 2 Pollaczek polynomials) by (18.35.10). … ►The type 3 Pollaczek polynomials are the associated type 2 Pollaczek polynomials, see §18.35. …

4: Errata

… ►

18.35.1

$P_{-1}^{(\lambda )}(x;a,b,c)=0,$

$P_0^{(\lambda )}(x;a,b,c)=1$

These equations which were previously given for Pollaczek polynomials of type 2 has been updated for Pollaczek polynomials of type 3.

►

18.35.2 $$P_{n+1}^{(\lambda )}(x;a,b,c)=\frac{2(n+c+\lambda +a)x+2b}{n+c+1}{P}_n^{(\lambda )}(x;a,b,c)-\frac{n+c+2\lambda -1}{n+c+1}{P}_{n-1}^{(\lambda )}(x;a,b,c),$$ $n=0,1,\mathrm{\dots }$

This recurrence relation which was previously given for Pollaczek polynomials of type 2 (the case $c=0$) has been updated for Pollaczek polynomials of type 3.

… ►

The following additions were made in Chapter 18:

• In Subsection 18.2(i), Equation (18.2.1_5); the paragraph title “Orthogonality on Finite Point Sets” has been changed to “Orthogonality on Countable Sets”, and there are minor changes in the presentation of the final paragraph, including a new equation (18.2.4_5). The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iii) has changed, Equation (18.2.5_5) was added and an extra paragraph on standardizations has been included. The presentation of Subsection 18.2(iv) has changed and it has been expanded with two extra paragraphs and several new equations, (18.2.9_5), (18.2.11_1)–(18.2.11_9). Subsections 18.2(v) (with (18.2.12_5), (18.2.14)–(18.2.17)) and 18.2(vi) (with (18.2.17)–(18.2.20)) have been expanded. New subsections, 18.2(vii)–18.2(xii), with Equations (18.2.21)–(18.2.46),

• A new introduction, minor changes in the presentation, and three new paragraphs.

• Extra details for Chebyshev polynomials, and Equations (18.5.4_5), (18.5.11_1)–(18.5.11_4), (18.5.17_5).

• Line numbers and two extra rows were added to Table 18.8.1.

• Subsection 18.9(i) has been expanded, and 18.9(iii) has some additional explanation. Equations (18.9.2_1), (18.9.2_2), (18.9.18_5) and Table 18.9.2 were added.

• Three extra generating functions, (18.12.2_5), (18.12.3_5), (18.12.17).

• Equation (18.14.3_5). New subsection, 18.14(iv), with Equations (18.14.25)–(18.14.27).

• Equation (18.15.4_5).

• The title of Subsection 18.16(iii) was changed from “Ultraspherical and Legendre” to “Ultraspherical, Legendre and Chebyshev”. New subsection, 18.16(vii) Discriminants, with Equations (18.16.19)–(18.16.21).

• Extra explanatory text at many places and seven extra integrals (18.17.16_5), (18.17.21_1)–(18.17.21_3), (18.17.28_5), (18.17.34_5), (18.17.41_5).

• Extra explanatory text at several places and the title of Subsection 18.18(iv) was changed from “Connection Formulas” to “Connection and Inversion Formulas”.

• A new introduction.

• Equation (18.21.13).

• Extra explanatory text in Subsection 18.25(i) and the title of Subsection 18.25(ii) was changed from “Weights and Normalizations: Continuous Cases” to “Weights and Standardizations: Continuous Cases”.

• In Subsection 18.26(i) an extra paragraph on dualities has been included, with Equations (18.26.4_1), (18.26.4_2).

• Extra text at the start of this section and twenty seven extra formulas, (18.27.4_1), (18.27.4_2), (18.27.6_5), (18.27.9_5), (18.27.12_5), (18.27.14_1)–(18.27.14_6), (18.27.17_1)–(18.27.17_3), (18.27.20_5), (18.27.25), (18.27.26), (18.28.1_5).

• A big expansion. Six extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(ii) ((18.28.6_1)–(18.28.6_5)) and three extra formulas in Subsection 18.28(viii) ((18.28.21)–(18.28.23)). New subsections, 18.28(ix)–18.28(xi), with Equations (18.28.23)–(18.28.34).

• Originally this section did not have subsections. The original seven formulas have now more explanatory text and are split over two subsections. New subsections 18.30(iii)–18.30(viii), with Equations (18.30.8)–(18.30.31).

• This short section has been expanded, with Equation (18.32.2).

• Additional references and a new large subsection, 18.33(vi), including Equations (18.33.17)–(18.33.32).

• This section has been expanded, including an extra orthogonality relations (18.34.5_5), (18.34.7_1)–(18.34.7_3).

• This section on Pollaczek polynomials has been significantly updated with much more explanations and as well to include the Pollaczek polynomials of type 3 which are the most general with three free parameters. The Pollaczek polynomials which were previously treated, namely those of type 1 and type 2 are special cases of the type 3 Pollaczek polynomials. In the first paragraph of this section an extensive description of the relations between the three types of Pollaczek polynomials is given which was lacking previously. Equations (18.35.0_5), (18.35.2_1)–(18.35.2_5), (18.35.4_5), (18.35.6_1)–(18.35.6_6), (18.35.10).

• This section on miscellaneous polynomials has been expanded with new subsections, 18.36(v) on non-classical Laguerre polynomials and 18.36(vi) with examples of exceptional orthogonal polynomials, with Equations (18.36.1)–(18.36.10). In the titles of Subsections 18.36(ii) and 18.36(iii) we replaced “OP’s” by “Orthogonal Polynomials”.

• The paragraphs of Subsection 18.38(i) have been re-ordered and one paragraph was added. The title of Subsection 18.38(ii) was changed from “Classical OP’s: Other Applications” to “Classical OP’s: Mathematical Developments and Applications”. Subsection 18.38(iii) has been expanded with seven new paragraphs, and Equations (18.38.4)–(18.38.11).

• This section was completely rewritten. The previous 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics has been replaced by Subsections 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics and 18.39(ii) A 3D Separable Quantum System, the Hydrogen Atom, containing the same essential information; the original content of the subsection is reproduced below for reference. Subsection 18.39(ii) was moved to 18.39(v) Other Applications. New subsections, 18.39(iii) Non Classical Weight Functions of Utility in DVR Method in the Physical Sciences, 18.39(iv) Coulomb–Pollaczek Polynomials and J-Matrix Methods; Equations (18.39.7)–(18.39.48); and Figures 18.39.1, 18.39.2.

  The original text of 18.39(i) Quantum Mechanics was:

  “Classical OP’s appear when the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is solved by separation of variables. Consider, for example, the one-dimensional form of this equation for a particle of mass $m$ with potential energy $V(x)$:

  errata.1 $$\left(\frac{-{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}{2m}\frac{{\partial }^2}{{\partial x}^2}+V(x)\right)\psi (x,t)=i\mathrm{\hslash }\frac{\partial }{\partial t}\psi (x,t),$$

  where $\mathrm{\hslash }$ is the reduced Planck’s constant. On substituting $\psi (x,t)=\eta (x)\zeta (t)$, we obtain two ordinary differential equations, each of which involve the same constant $E$. The equation for $\eta (x)$ is

  errata.2 $$\frac{d^2\eta }{{dx}^2}+\frac{2m}{{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}\left(E-V(x)\right)\eta =0.$$

  For a harmonic oscillator, the potential energy is given by

  errata.3 $$V(x)=\frac{1}{2}m{\omega }^2{x}^2,$$

  where $\omega$ is the angular frequency. For (18.39.2) to have a nontrivial bounded solution in the interval , the constant $E$ (the total energy of the particle) must satisfy

  errata.4 $$E=E_n=\left(n+\frac{1}{2}\right)\mathrm{\hslash }\omega ,$$ $n=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$.

  The corresponding eigenfunctions are

  errata.5 $${\eta }_n(x)={\pi }^{-\frac{1}{4}}{2}^{-\frac{1}{2}n}{(n!b)}^{-\frac{1}{2}}{H}_n\left(x/b\right){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2/2b^2},$$

  where $b={(\mathrm{\hslash }/m\omega )}^{1/2}$, and $H_n$ is the Hermite polynomial. For further details, see Seaborn (1991, p. 224) or Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 71-72).

  A second example is provided by the three-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation

  errata.6 $${\nabla }^2\psi +\frac{2m}{{\mathrm{\hslash }}^2}\left(E-V(𝐱)\right)\psi =0,$$

  when this is solved by separation of variables in spherical coordinates (§1.5(ii)). The eigenfunctions of one of the separated ordinary differential equations are Legendre polynomials. See Seaborn (1991, pp. 69-75).

  For a third example, one in which the eigenfunctions are Laguerre polynomials, see Seaborn (1991, pp. 87-93) and Nikiforov and Uvarov (1988, pp. 76-80 and 320-323).”

• The old section is now Subsection 18.40(i) and a large new subsection, 18.40(ii), on the classical moment problem has been added, with formulae (18.40.1)–(18.40.10) and Figures 18.40.1, 18.40.2.

… ►

18.27.6 $$P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}(x;c,d;q)=\frac{c^n{q}^{-(\alpha +1)n}{(q^{\alpha +1},-q^{\alpha +1}{c}^{-1}d;q)}_n}{{(q,-q;q)}_n}{P}_n(q^{\alpha +1}{c}^{-1}x;q^{\alpha },q^{\beta },-q^{\alpha }{c}^{-1}d;q)$$

Originally the first argument to the big $q$-Jacobi polynomial on the right-hand side was written incorrectly as $q^{\alpha +1}{c}^{-1}dx$.

Reported 2017-09-27 by Tom Koornwinder.

…

5: 18.39 Applications in the Physical Sciences

… ►Thus the two missing quantum numbers corresponding to EOP’s of order $1$ and $2$ of the type III Hermite EOP’s are offset in the node counts by the fact that all excited state eigenfunctions also have two missing real zeros. … ►The recursion of (18.39.46) is that for the type 2 Pollaczek polynomials of (18.35.2), with $\lambda =l+1$, $a=-b=2Z/s$, and $c=0$, and terminates for $x=x_i^N$ being a zero of the polynomial of order $N$. …

6: 19.38 Approximations

… ►Minimax polynomial approximations (§3.11(i)) for $K\left(k\right)$ and $E\left(k\right)$ in terms of $m=k^2$ with can be found in Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, §17.3) with maximum absolute errors ranging from 4×10⁻⁵ to 2×10⁻⁸. Approximations of the same type for $K\left(k\right)$ and $E\left(k\right)$ for are given in Cody (1965a) with maximum absolute errors ranging from 4×10⁻⁵ to 4×10⁻¹⁸. … ►The accuracy is controlled by the number of terms retained in the approximation; for real variables the number of significant figures appears to be roughly twice the number of terms retained, perhaps even for $\varphi$ near $\pi /2$ with the improvements made in the 1970 reference. …

7: 18.36 Miscellaneous Polynomials

… ►Two representative examples, type I $X_1$-Laguerre, Gómez-Ullate et al. (2010), and type III $X_2$-Hermite, Gómez-Ullate and Milson (2014) EOP’s, are illustrated here. … ►

Type III $X_2$-Hermite EOP’s

… ►The type III $X_2$-Hermite EOP’s, missing polynomial orders $1$ and $2$, are the complete set of polynomials, with real coefficients and defined explicitly as …

8: 16.6 Transformations of Variable

… ►

16.6.2 $${}_3{}^{}F_2^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,2b-a-1,2-2b+a}{b,a-b+\frac{3}{2}};\frac{z}{4})={(1-z)}^{-a}{}_3{}^{}F_2^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\frac{1}{3}a,\frac{1}{3}a+\frac{1}{3},\frac{1}{3}a+\frac{2}{3}}{b,a-b+\frac{3}{2}};\frac{-27z}{4{(1-z)}^3}).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q};z)$: alternatively ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(𝐚;𝐛;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{𝐚}{𝐛};z)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a,a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p$: real or complex parameters and $b,b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q$: real or complex parameters

Referenced by:

§16.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.6.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §16.6, §16.6 and Ch.16

►For Kummer-type transformations of ${}_2{}^{}F_2^{}$ functions see Miller (2003) and Paris (2005a), and for further transformations see Erdélyi et al. (1953a, §4.5), Miller and Paris (2011), Choi and Rathie (2013) and Wang and Rathie (2013).

9: 18.31 Bernstein–Szegő Polynomials

… ►The Bernstein–Szegő polynomials $\{p_n(x)\}$, $n=0,1,\mathrm{\dots }$, are orthogonal on $(-1,1)$ with respect to three types of weight function: ${(1-x^2)}^{-\frac{1}{2}}{(\rho (x))}^{-1}$, ${(1-x^2)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{(\rho (x))}^{-1}$, ${(1-x)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{(1+x)}^{-\frac{1}{2}}{(\rho (x))}^{-1}$. …

10: 26.13 Permutations: Cycle Notation

… ►An element of ${𝔖}_n$ with $a_1$ fixed points, $a_2$ cycles of length $2,\mathrm{\dots },a_n$ cycles of length $n$, where $n=a_1+2a_2+\mathrm{\cdots }+n{a}_n$, is said to have cycle type $\left(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_n\right)$. The number of elements of ${𝔖}_n$ with cycle type $\left(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_n\right)$ is given by (26.4.7). … ►A permutation with cycle type $\left(a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_n\right)$ can be written as a product of $a_2+2a_3+\mathrm{\cdots }+(n-1)a_n=n-(a_1+a_2+\mathrm{\cdots }+a_n)$ transpositions, and no fewer. …