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11: 2.11 Remainder Terms; Stokes Phenomenon

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§2.11(i) Numerical Use of Asymptotic Expansions

… ►Secondly, the asymptotic series represents an infinite class of functions, and the remainder depends on which member we have in mind. … ► … ► … ►For example, using double precision $d_{20}$ is found to agree with (2.11.31) to 13D. …

12: 27.2 Functions

… ►Euclid’s Elements (Euclid (1908, Book IX, Proposition 20)) gives an elegant proof that there are infinitely many primes. … ►Gauss and Legendre conjectured that $\pi \left(x\right)$ is asymptotic to $x/\ln x$ as $x\to \mathrm{\infty }$: ►

27.2.3 $$\pi \left(x\right)\sim \frac{x}{\ln x}.$$

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Symbols:

$\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\pi \left(x\right)$: number of primes not exceeding a number and $x$: real number

Referenced by:

§25.16(i), §27.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.2.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.2(i), §27.2 and Ch.27

… ►An equivalent form states that the $n$th prime $p_n$ (when the primes are listed in increasing order) is asymptotic to $n\ln n$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$: ►

27.2.4 $$p_n\sim n\ln n.$$

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Symbols:

$\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: positive integer and $p,p_1,\mathrm{\dots }$: prime numbers

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.2.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.2(i), §27.2 and Ch.27

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13: 12.11 Zeros

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§12.11(ii) Asymptotic Expansions of Large Zeros

… ►When $a>-\frac{1}{2}$ the zeros are asymptotically given by $z_{a,s}$ and $\overline{z_{a,s}}$, where $s$ is a large positive integer and … ►

§12.11(iii) Asymptotic Expansions for Large Parameter

►For large negative values of $a$ the real zeros of $U(a,x)$, $U^{\prime }(a,x)$, $V(a,x)$, and $V^{\prime }(a,x)$ can be approximated by reversion of the Airy-type asymptotic expansions of §§12.10(vii) and 12.10(viii). …The first two coefficients are given by …

14: Bibliography F

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Notes:

The “Freely Distributable LIBM” package provides implementations of standard elementary functions plus a few higher functions, e.g. gamma. Double precision, maximum accuracy 20S. Developed by Sun Microsystems.

External Links:

GAMS (package FDLIBM)

Referenced by:

§ ‣ Software Cross Index, § ‣ Software Cross Index.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Sur certaines sommes des intégral-cosinus. Bull. Soc. Math. Phys. Serbie 12, pp. 13–20 (French).

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External Links:

MathReview (L. Carlitz), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§6.15.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Tables of Elliptic Integrals of the First, Second, and Third Kind. Technical report Technical Report ARL 64-232, Aerospace Research Laboratories, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio.

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Notes:

Reviewed in Math. Comp. v. 1919(1965)509. Table erratum: Math. Comp. v. 20 (1966), no. 96, pp. 639-640.

Referenced by:

§19.37(ii), §19.37(ii), §19.37(iii), §19.37(iii), §19.37(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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On the asymptotic expansion of Mellin transforms. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 18 (1), pp. 273–282.

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External Links:

ISSN 0036-1410, Document, Link, MathReview (Archibald Brown), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.3(vi).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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On weighted polynomial approximation on the whole real axis. Acta Math. Acad. Sci. Hungar. 20, pp. 223–225.

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External Links:

ISSN 0001-5954, Document, Link, MathReview (A. K. Varma)

Referenced by:

§18.32.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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15: 5.11 Asymptotic Expansions

§5.11 Asymptotic Expansions

… ►and … ►Wrench (1968) gives exact values of $g_k$ up to $g_{20}$. … ►

§5.11(iii) Ratios

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16: 26.5 Lattice Paths: Catalan Numbers

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26.5.1 $$C\left(n\right)=\frac{1}{n+1}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{2n}{n}\right)=\frac{1}{2n+1}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{2n+1}{n}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{2n}{n}\right)-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{2n}{n-1}\right)=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{2n-1}{n}\right)-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{2n-1}{n+1}\right).$$

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Defines:

$C\left(n\right)$: Catalan number

Symbols:

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient and $n$: nonnegative integer

Referenced by:

§26.5(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.5.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.5(i), §26.5 and Ch.26

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Table 26.5.1: Catalan numbers.

► ►►►

$n$	$C\left(n\right)$	$n$	$C\left(n\right)$	$n$	$C\left(n\right)$
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6	132	13	7 42900	20	65641 20420

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26.5.5 $$C\left(n+1\right)=\sum _{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor }\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{2k}\right)2^{n-2k}C\left(k\right).$$

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Symbols:

$C\left(n\right)$: Catalan number, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $\lfloor x\rfloor$: floor of $x$ , $k$: nonnegative integer and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.5.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.5(iii), §26.5 and Ch.26

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26.5.6 $$C\left(n\right)\sim \frac{4^n}{\sqrt{\pi n^3}},$$ $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$,

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Symbols:

$C\left(n\right)$: Catalan number, $\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.5.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.5(iv), §26.5 and Ch.26

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17: 25.12 Polylogarithms

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►►

Figure 25.12.1: Dilogarithm function ${\mathrm{Li}}_2\left(x\right)$, Magnify

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►

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Figure 25.12.2: Absolute value of the dilogarithm function $\left|{\mathrm{Li}}_2\left(x+\mathrm{i}y\right)\right|$, $-20\le x\le 20$, $-20\le y\le 20$. … Magnify 3D Help

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$G_s(x)={\mathrm{Li}}_{s+1}\left({\mathrm{e}}^x\right).$

►For a uniform asymptotic approximation for $F_s(x)$ see Temme and Olde Daalhuis (1990).

18: Bibliography O

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Asymptotic Enumeration Methods. In Handbook of Combinatorics, Vol. 2, L. Lovász, R. L. Graham, and M. Grötschel (Eds.), pp. 1063–1229.

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External Links:

ISBN 0-444-82351-4, Pdf, MathReview (Konrad Engel), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

Ch.2.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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On the asymptotics for late coefficients in uniform asymptotic expansions of integrals with coalescing saddles. Methods Appl. Anal. 7 (4), pp. 727–745.

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External Links:

ISSN 1073-2772, Pdf, MathReview (Raimundas Vidunas), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§36.12(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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An error analysis of the modified Clenshaw method for evaluating Chebyshev and Fourier series. J. Inst. Math. Appl. 20 (3), pp. 379–391.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (David L. Elliott), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§3.11(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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A paradox in asymptotics. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 1 (4), pp. 533–534.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (L. Hoischen), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.10(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Asymptotic expansions of the coefficients in asymptotic series solutions of linear differential equations. Methods Appl. Anal. 1 (1), pp. 1–13.

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External Links:

ISSN 1073-2772, Pdf, MathReview (Archibald D. MacGillivray), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.7(ii), §2.7(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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19: 28.8 Asymptotic Expansions for Large $q$

§28.8 Asymptotic Expansions for Large $q$

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§28.8(ii) Sips’ Expansions

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§28.8(iii) Goldstein’s Expansions

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Barrett’s Expansions

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20: Bibliography C

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Asymptotic estimates for generalized Stirling numbers. Analysis (Munich) 20 (1), pp. 1–13.

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External Links:

ISSN 0174-4747, MathReview (F. T. Howard), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§26.8(vii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Asymptotics of Racah coefficients and polynomials. J. Phys. A 32 (3), pp. 537–553.

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External Links:

ISSN 0305-4470, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§34.8, §34.8.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Validated computation of certain hypergeometric functions. ACM Trans. Math. Software 38 (2), pp. Art. 11, 20.

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External Links:

ISSN 0098-3500, Document, FullText, MathReview Entry, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§13.29(v), §15.19(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Coulomb effects in the Klein-Gordon equation for pions. Phys. Rev. C 20 (2), pp. 696–704.

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External Links:

Document

Referenced by:

5th item.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Correlation between pole location and asymptotic behavior for Painlevé I solutions. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 52 (4), pp. 461–478.

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External Links:

ISSN 0010-3640, FullText, MathReview (Alexander Vladimirovich Kitaev), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.12(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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