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21: 23.3 Differential Equations

… ►and are denoted by $e_1,e_2,e_3$. … ►Let $g_2^3\ne 27g_3^2$, or equivalently $\mathrm{\Delta }$ be nonzero, or $e_1,e_2,e_3$ be distinct. …Similarly for $\zeta (z;g_2,g_3)$ and $\sigma (z;g_2,g_3)$. As functions of $g_2$ and $g_3$, $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$ and $\zeta (z;g_2,g_3)$ are meromorphic and $\sigma (z;g_2,g_3)$ is entire. ►Conversely, $g_2$, $g_3$, and the set $\{e_1,e_2,e_3\}$ are determined uniquely by the lattice $𝕃$ independently of the choice of generators. …

22: 23.7 Quarter Periods

… ►

23.7.1 $$\mathrm{\wp }\left(\frac{1}{2}{\omega }_1\right)=e_1+\sqrt{(e_1-e_3)(e_1-e_2)}=e_1+{\omega }_1^{-2}{(K\left(k\right))}^2{k}^{\prime },$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $e_j$: Weierstrass lattice roots, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $𝕃$: lattice, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

A&S Ref:

18.3.18

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.7.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.7 and Ch.23

►

23.7.2 $$\mathrm{\wp }\left(\frac{1}{2}{\omega }_2\right)=e_2-\mathrm{i}\sqrt{(e_1-e_2)(e_2-e_3)}=e_2-\mathrm{i}{\omega }_1^{-2}{(K\left(k\right))}^{2}k{k}^{\prime },$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $e_j$: Weierstrass lattice roots, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $𝕃$: lattice, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

A&S Ref:

18.3.18

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.7.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.7 and Ch.23

►

23.7.3 $$\mathrm{\wp }\left(\frac{1}{2}{\omega }_3\right)=e_3-\sqrt{(e_1-e_3)(e_2-e_3)}=e_3-{\omega }_1^{-2}{(K\left(k\right))}^{2}k,$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $e_j$: Weierstrass lattice roots, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $𝕃$: lattice, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators and $k$: modulus

A&S Ref:

18.3.18

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.7.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.7 and Ch.23

…

23: 24.3 Graphs

… ►

►►

Figure 24.3.1: Bernoulli polynomials $B_n\left(x\right)$, $n=2,3,\mathrm{\dots },6$. Magnify

►

►►

Figure 24.3.2: Euler polynomials $E_n\left(x\right)$, $n=2,3,\mathrm{\dots },6$. Magnify

24: 16.24 Physical Applications

… ►

§16.24(iii) $\mathit{3}j$, $\mathit{6}j$, and $\mathit{9}j$ Symbols

►The $\mathit{3}j$ symbols, or Clebsch–Gordan coefficients, play an important role in the decomposition of reducible representations of the rotation group into irreducible representations. They can be expressed as ${}_3{}^{}F_2^{}$ functions with unit argument. …These are balanced ${}_4{}^{}F_3^{}$ functions with unit argument. …

25: 27.15 Chinese Remainder Theorem

… ►Choose four relatively prime moduli $m_1,m_2,m_3$, and $m_4$ of five digits each, for example $2^{16}-3$, $2^{16}-1$, $2^{16}+1$, and $2^{16}+3$. …By the Chinese remainder theorem each integer in the data can be uniquely represented by its residues (mod $m_1$), (mod $m_2$), (mod $m_3$), and (mod $m_4$), respectively. Because each residue has no more than five digits, the arithmetic can be performed efficiently on these residues with respect to each of the moduli, yielding answers $a_1(mod{m}_1)$, $a_2(mod{m}_2)$, $a_3(mod{m}_3)$, and $a_4(mod{m}_4)$, where each $a_j$ has no more than five digits. …

26: 36.9 Integral Identities

… ►

36.9.1 $${|{\mathrm{\Psi }}_1\left(x\right)|}^2=2^{5/3}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{\Psi }}_1\left(2^{2/3}(3u^2+x)\right)du;$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{\Psi }}_K\left(𝐱\right)$: canonical integral function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral and $x$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.9.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.9 and Ch.36

… ►

36.9.2 $${(\mathrm{Ai}\left(x\right))}^2=\frac{2^{2/3}}{\pi }{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\mathrm{Ai}\left(2^{2/3}(u^2+x)\right)du.$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral and $x$: real parameter

Referenced by:

§9.5(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.9.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.9 and Ch.36

… ►

36.9.4 $${|{\mathrm{\Psi }}_2\left(x,y\right)|}^2={\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left({\mathrm{\Psi }}_1\left(\frac{4u^3+2uy+x}{u^{1/3}}\right)+{\mathrm{\Psi }}_1\left(\frac{4u^3+2uy-x}{u^{1/3}}\right)\right)\frac{du}{u^{1/3}}.$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{\Psi }}_K\left(𝐱\right)$: canonical integral function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $y$: real parameter and $x$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.9.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.9 and Ch.36

… ►

36.9.8 $${\left|{\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{H})}\left(x,y,z\right)\right|}^2=8{\pi }^2{\left(\frac{2}{9}\right)}^{1/3}{\int }_{-\mathrm{\infty }}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\int }_{-\mathrm{\infty }}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\mathrm{Ai}\left({\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)}^{1/3}(x+zv+3u^2)\right)\mathrm{Ai}\left({\left(\frac{4}{3}\right)}^{1/3}(y+zu+3v^2)\right)dudv.$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , ${\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{H})}\left(𝐱\right)$: hyperbolic umbilic canonical integral function, $\int$: integral, $y$: real parameter, $z$: real parameter and $x$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.9.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.9 and Ch.36

►

36.9.9 $${\left|{\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{E})}\left(x,y,z\right)\right|}^2=\frac{8{\pi }^2}{3^{2/3}}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\int }_0^{2\pi }\mathrm{\Re }\left(\mathrm{Ai}\left(\frac{1}{3^{1/3}}\left(x+\mathrm{i}y+2zu\exp \left(\mathrm{i}\theta \right)+3u^2\exp \left(-2\mathrm{i}\theta \right)\right)\right)\mathrm{Bi}\left(\frac{1}{3^{1/3}}\left(x-\mathrm{i}y+2zu\exp \left(-\mathrm{i}\theta \right)+3u^2\exp \left(2\mathrm{i}\theta \right)\right)\right)\right)udud\theta .$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , ${\mathrm{\Psi }}^{(\mathrm{E})}\left(𝐱\right)$: elliptic umbilic canonical integral function, $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $y$: real parameter, $z$: real parameter and $x$: real parameter

Keywords:

elliptic umbilic canonical integral, integral identity

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/36.9.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §36.9 and Ch.36

…

27: 36.6 Scaling Relations

… ►

$\text{umbilics: }{𝐲}^{(\mathrm{U})}(k)=(x{k}^{2/3},y{k}^{2/3},z{k}^{1/3}).$

… ►

$\text{umbilics: }{\beta }^{(\mathrm{U})}={\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}}.$

… ►

$\text{umbilics: }{\gamma }_x^{(\mathrm{U})}=\frac{2}{3},$

►

${\gamma }_y^{(\mathrm{U})}=\frac{2}{3},$

►

${\gamma }_z^{(\mathrm{U})}=\frac{1}{3}.$

…

28: 19.32 Conformal Map onto a Rectangle

… ►with $x_1,x_2,x_3$ real constants, has differential … ►

19.32.3 $$x_1>x_2>x_3,$$

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Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.32.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.32 and Ch.19

… ►

$$z(x_2)=z(x_1)+z(x_3),$$

►

$$z(x_3)=R_F(x_3-x_1,x_3-x_2,0)=-\mathrm{i}{R}_F(0,x_1-x_3,x_2-x_3).$$

►As $p$ proceeds along the entire real axis with the upper half-plane on the right, $z$ describes the rectangle in the clockwise direction; hence $z(x_3)$ is negative imaginary. …

29: 9.5 Integral Representations

… ►

9.5.2 $$\mathrm{Ai}\left(-x\right)=\frac{x^{1/2}}{\pi }{\int }_{-1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\cos \left(x^{3/2}(\frac{1}{3}{t}^3+t^2-\frac{2}{3})\right)dt,$$ $x>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral and $x$: real variable

Source:

Olver (1997b, p. 103)

A&S Ref:

10.4.32 (in different form)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.5.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.5(i), §9.5 and Ch.9

… ►

9.5.4 $$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2\pi \mathrm{i}}{\int }_{\mathrm{\infty }{\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \mathrm{i}/3}}^{\mathrm{\infty }{\mathrm{e}}^{\pi \mathrm{i}/3}}\exp \left(\frac{1}{3}{t}^3-zt\right)dt,$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral and $z$: complex variable

Source:

Olver (1997b, p. 53)

Referenced by:

§36.2(ii), §9.14, §9.17(iii), (9.5.5)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.5.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.5(ii), §9.5 and Ch.9

►

9.5.5 $$\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_{-\mathrm{\infty }}^{\mathrm{\infty }{\mathrm{e}}^{\pi \mathrm{i}/3}}\exp \left(\frac{1}{3}{t}^3-zt\right)dt+\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_{-\mathrm{\infty }}^{\mathrm{\infty }{\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \mathrm{i}/3}}\exp \left(\frac{1}{3}{t}^3-zt\right)dt.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral and $z$: complex variable

Proof sketch:

Combine (9.2.10) and (9.5.4).

Referenced by:

(9.5.3)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.5.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.5(ii), §9.5 and Ch.9

►

9.5.6 $$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2\pi }{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\exp \left(-\frac{t^3}{3}-\frac{z^3}{3t^3}\right)dt,$$ .

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\exp z$: exponential function, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase and $z$: complex variable

Source:

Reid (1995, (5.4), p. 170, with change of variable and using analytic continuation to complex $z$)

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.15) for Equation (9.5.6)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.5.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.0.15):

The validity constraint was added.

See also:

Annotations for §9.5(ii), §9.5 and Ch.9

… ►In (9.5.7) and (9.5.8) $\zeta =\frac{2}{3}{z}^{3/2}$. …

30: 9.1 Special Notation

… ►Other notations that have been used are as follows: $\mathrm{Ai}\left(-x\right)$ and $\mathrm{Bi}\left(-x\right)$ for $\mathrm{Ai}\left(x\right)$ and $\mathrm{Bi}\left(x\right)$ (Jeffreys (1928), later changed to $\mathrm{Ai}\left(x\right)$ and $\mathrm{Bi}\left(x\right)$); $U(x)=\sqrt{\pi }\mathrm{Bi}\left(x\right)$, $V(x)=\sqrt{\pi }\mathrm{Ai}\left(x\right)$ (Fock (1945)); $A(x)=3^{-1/3}\pi \mathrm{Ai}\left(-3^{-1/3}x\right)$ (Szegő (1967, §1.81)); $e_0(x)=\pi \mathrm{Hi}(-x)$, ${\tilde{e}}_0(x)=-\pi \mathrm{Gi}(-x)$ (Tumarkin (1959)).