via divided differences

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11: 9.13 Generalized Airy Functions

… ►In Olver (1977a, 1978) a different normalization is used. … ►The function on the right-hand side is recessive in the sector $-(2j-1)\pi /m\le \mathrm{ph}z\le (2j+1)\pi /m$, and is therefore an essential member of any numerically satisfactory pair of solutions in this region. … ►When $p$ is not an integer the branch of $t^{-p}$ in (9.13.25) is usually chosen to be $\exp \left(-p(\ln |t|+\mathrm{i}\mathrm{ph}t)\right)$ with . … ►and the difference equation … ►For further generalizations via integral representations see Chin and Hedstrom (1978), Janson et al. (1993, §10), and Kamimoto (1998). …

12: 24.17 Mathematical Applications

… ►

Calculus of Finite Differences

… ►

24.17.7 $$M_n(x)=O\left({|x|}^{\gamma }\right),$$ $x\to \pm \mathrm{\infty }$,

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $n$: integer, $x$: real or complex and $M_n(x)$: function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/24.17.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §24.17(ii), §24.17(ii), §24.17 and Ch.24

… ►Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials occur in: number theory via (24.4.7), (24.4.8), and other identities involving sums of powers; the Riemann zeta function and $L$-series (§25.15, Apostol (1976), and Ireland and Rosen (1990)); arithmetic of cyclotomic fields and the classical theory of Fermat’s last theorem (Ribenboim (1979) and Washington (1997)); $p$-adic analysis (Koblitz (1984, Chapter 2)). …

13: 16.17 Definition

… ►Then the Meijer $G$-function is defined via the Mellin–Barnes integral representation: … ►

$L$ goes from $-\mathrm{i}\mathrm{\infty }$ to $\mathrm{i}\mathrm{\infty }$. The integral converges if and .

►

$L$ is a loop that starts at infinity on a line parallel to the positive real axis, encircles the poles of the $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b_{\mathrm{\ell }}-s\right)$ once in the negative sense and returns to infinity on another line parallel to the positive real axis. The integral converges for all $z$ ($\ne 0$) if , and for if $p=q\ge 1$.

►

$L$ is a loop that starts at infinity on a line parallel to the negative real axis, encircles the poles of the $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1-a_{\mathrm{\ell }}+s\right)$ once in the positive sense and returns to infinity on another line parallel to the negative real axis. The integral converges for all $z$ if $p>q$, and for $|z|>1$ if $p=q\ge 1$.

… ►Assume $p\le q$, no two of the bottom parameters $b_j$, $j=1,\mathrm{\dots },m$, differ by an integer, and $a_j-b_k$ is not a positive integer when $j=1,2,\mathrm{\dots },n$ and $k=1,2,\mathrm{\dots },m$. …

14: Bibliography W

… ►

Asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials via recurrence relations. Anal. Appl. (Singap.) 10 (2), pp. 215–235.

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External Links:

ISSN 0219-5305, Document, Link, MathReview (Li Zhong Peng), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii), §2.9(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Uniform asymptotic expansion of $J_{\nu }(\nu a)$ via a difference equation. Numer. Math. 91 (1), pp. 147–193.

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External Links:

ISSN 0029-599X, Document, MathReview (J. P. Singhal), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.20(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Asymptotic expansions for second-order linear difference equations with a turning point. Numer. Math. 94 (1), pp. 147–194.

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External Links:

ISSN 0029-599X, Document, MathReview (Sergey M. Zagorodnyuk), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Linear difference equations with transition points. Math. Comp. 74 (250), pp. 629–653.

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External Links:

ISSN 0025-5718, Document, MathReview (B. G. Pachpatte), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Uniform asymptotics of the Stieltjes-Wigert polynomials via the Riemann-Hilbert approach. J. Math. Pures Appl. (9) 85 (5), pp. 698–718.

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External Links:

ISSN 0021-7824, Document, MathReview (Rabah Khaldi), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.29.

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

15: 16.8 Differential Equations

… ►When no $b_j$ is an integer, and no two $b_j$ differ by an integer, a fundamental set of solutions of (16.8.3) is given by …For other values of the $b_j$, series solutions in powers of $z$ (possibly involving also $\ln z$) can be constructed via a limiting process; compare §2.7(i) in the case of second-order differential equations. … ►When $p=q+1$, and no two $a_j$ differ by an integer, another fundamental set of solutions of (16.8.3) is given by …More generally if $z_0$ ($\in ℂ$) is an arbitrary constant, $|z-z_0|>\max (|z_0|,|z_0-1|)$, and , then … ►When $p=q+1$ and some of the $a_j$ differ by an integer a limiting process can again be applied. …

16: 11.10 Anger–Weber Functions

… ►

$\chi ={(2z/\pi )}^{\frac{1}{2}}.$

… ►

11.10.27 $${\frac{\partial }{\partial \nu }{𝐉}_{\nu }\left(z\right)|}_{\nu =0}=\frac{1}{2}\pi {𝐇}_0\left(z\right),$$

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Symbols:

${𝐉}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Anger function, ${𝐇}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Struve function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: real or complex order

Referenced by:

§11.10(vii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/11.10.E27

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §11.10(vii), §11.10 and Ch.11

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11.10.28 $${\frac{\partial }{\partial \nu }{𝐄}_{\nu }\left(z\right)|}_{\nu =0}=\frac{1}{2}\pi J_0\left(z\right).$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, ${𝐄}_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Weber function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: real or complex order

Referenced by:

§11.10(vii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/11.10.E28

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §11.10(vii), §11.10 and Ch.11

…

17: 1.2 Elementary Algebra

… ►For complex $z$ the binomial coefficient $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{z}{k}\right)$ is defined via (1.2.6). … ►A vector of $l^2$ norm unity is normalized and every non-zero vector $𝐯$ can be normalized via $𝐯\to 𝐯/\Vert 𝐯\Vert$. … ►The difference between $𝐀𝐁$ and $𝐁𝐀$ is the commutator denoted as … ►Non-defective matrices are precisely the matrices which can be diagonalized via a similarity transformation of the form … ►The matrix exponential is defined via …

18: Bibliography S

… ►

Transformations of the Jacobian amplitude function and its calculation via the arithmetic-geometric mean. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 20 (6), pp. 1514–1528.

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External Links:

ISSN 0036-1410, Document, MathReview (J. M. H. Peters), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§22.19(i), §22.20(vi).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Numerical evaluation of spherical Bessel transforms via fast Fourier transforms. J. Comput. Phys. 100 (2), pp. 294–296.

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External Links:

ISSN 0021-9991, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.74(vii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Liouville-Green approximations via the Riccati transformation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 116 (1), pp. 147–165.

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External Links:

ISSN 0022-247X, Document, MathReview (F. W. J. Olver), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.7(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

A Survey on the Liouville-Green (WKB) Approximation for Linear Difference Equations of the Second Order. In Advances in Difference Equations (Veszprém, 1995), S. Elaydi, I. Győri, and G. Ladas (Eds.), pp. 567–577.

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External Links:

MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

A stable quotient-difference algorithm. Math. Comp. 34 (150), pp. 515–519.

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External Links:

ISSN 0025-5718, FullText, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§3.10(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

19: 25.2 Definition and Expansions

… ►

25.2.4 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\frac{1}{s-1}+\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n}{n!}{\gamma }_n{(s-1)}^n,$$

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Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, ${\gamma }_n$: Stieltjes constants, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $n$: nonnegative integer and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

infinite series, Laurent series

Sources:

Hardy (1912, p. 216); mistakenly missing factor of ${(-1)}^n/n!$; Ivić (1985, (1.11), p. 4)

A&S Ref:

23.2.5 (with unnecessary constraint removed)

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.17) for Equation (25.2.4), Erratum (V1.0.23) for Subsection 25.2(ii) Other Infinite Series

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E4

Encodings:

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Clarification (effective with 1.0.17):

Originally this equation had the constraint $\mathrm{\Re }s>0$. This constraint is unnecessary because, as stated after (25.2.1), $\zeta \left(s\right)$ is meromorphic with a simple pole at $s=1$.

Suggested 2017-12-05 by John Harper

See also:

Annotations for §25.2(ii), §25.2 and Ch.25

►where the Stieltjes constants ${\gamma }_n$ are defined via … ►This includes, for example, $1/\zeta \left(s\right)$. … ►

25.2.12 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\frac{{(2\pi )}^s{\mathrm{e}}^{-s-(\gamma s/2)}}{2(s-1)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}s+1\right)}\prod _{\rho }\left(1-\frac{s}{\rho }\right){\mathrm{e}}^{s/\rho },$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $s$: complex variable and $\rho$: zeros

Keywords:

infinite product, primes

Source:

Titchmarsh (1986b, (2.12.6), (2.12.8), p. 30–31)

A&S Ref:

23.2.10 (in slightly different form)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E12

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §25.2(iv), §25.2 and Ch.25

…

20: 5.9 Integral Representations

… ►where and the inverse tangent has its principal value. …where . …where $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$, , and $\zeta \left(s\right)$ is as in Chapter 25. … ►where , and the scaled gamma function ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}^{\ast }\left(z\right)$ is defined in (5.11.3). … ►where $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$ and . …