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1: 27.2 Functions

… ►Euclid’s Elements (Euclid (1908, Book IX, Proposition 20)) gives an elegant proof that there are infinitely many primes. … ►

27.2.3 $$\pi \left(x\right)\sim \frac{x}{\ln x}.$$

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Symbols:

$\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\pi \left(x\right)$: number of primes not exceeding a number and $x$: real number

Referenced by:

§25.16(i), §27.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.2.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.2(i), §27.2 and Ch.27

… ►

27.2.4 $$p_n\sim n\ln n.$$

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Symbols:

$\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: positive integer and $p,p_1,\mathrm{\dots }$: prime numbers

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.2.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.2(i), §27.2 and Ch.27

… ►

27.2.14 $$\mathrm{\Lambda }\left(n\right)=\ln p,$$ $n=p^a$,

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Defines:

$\mathrm{\Lambda }\left(n\right)$: Mangoldt’s function

Symbols:

$\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: positive integer, $p,p_1,\mathrm{\dots }$: prime numbers and $a$: primitive root

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.2.E14

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.2(i), §27.2 and Ch.27

… ►

Table 27.2.2: Functions related to division.

► ►►►

$n$	$\varphi \left(n\right)$	$d\left(n\right)$	$\sigma \left(n\right)$	$n$	$\varphi \left(n\right)$	$d\left(n\right)$	$\sigma \left(n\right)$	$n$	$\varphi \left(n\right)$	$d\left(n\right)$	$\sigma \left(n\right)$	$n$	$\varphi \left(n\right)$	$d\left(n\right)$	$\sigma \left(n\right)$
…
12	4	6	28	25	20	3	31	38	18	4	60	51	32	4	72
…

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2: 25.12 Polylogarithms

… ►Other notations and names for ${\mathrm{Li}}_2\left(z\right)$ include $S_2(z)$ (Kölbig et al. (1970)), Spence function $\mathrm{Sp}(z)$ (’t Hooft and Veltman (1979)), and ${\mathrm{L}}_2(z)$ (Maximon (2003)). ►In the complex plane ${\mathrm{Li}}_2\left(z\right)$ has a branch point at $z=1$. The principal branch has a cut along the interval $[1,\mathrm{\infty })$ and agrees with (25.12.1) when $|z|\le 1$; see also §4.2(i). The remainder of the equations in this subsection apply to principal branches. … ►For other values of $z$, ${\mathrm{Li}}_s\left(z\right)$ is defined by analytic continuation. …

3: 10.75 Tables

… ►

Kerimov and Skorokhodov (1985a) tabulates 5 (nonreal) complex conjugate pairs of zeros of the principal branches of $Y_n\left(z\right)$ and $Y_n^{\prime }\left(z\right)$ for $n=0(1)5$, 8D.

… ►

Bickley et al. (1952) tabulates $x^{-n}{I}_n\left(x\right)$ or ${\mathrm{e}}^{-x}{I}_n\left(x\right)$, $x^n{K}_n\left(x\right)$ or ${\mathrm{e}}^x{K}_n\left(x\right)$, $n=2(1)20$, $x=0$(.01 or .1) 10(.1) 20, 8S; $I_n\left(x\right)$, $K_n\left(x\right)$, $n=0(1)20$, $x=0$ or $0.1(.1)20$, 10S.

… ►

Parnes (1972) tabulates all zeros of the principal value of $K_n\left(z\right)$, for $n=2(1)10$, 9D.

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Leung and Ghaderpanah (1979), tabulates all zeros of the principal value of $K_n\left(z\right)$, for $n=2(1)10$, 29S.

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Kerimov and Skorokhodov (1984b) tabulates all zeros of the principal values of $K_n\left(z\right)$ and $K_n^{\prime }\left(z\right)$, for $n=2(1)20$, 9S.

…

4: 20 Theta Functions

Chapter 20 Theta Functions

…

5: 28 Mathieu Functions and Hill’s Equation

Chapter 28 Mathieu Functions and Hill’s Equation

…

6: 6.16 Mathematical Applications

… ►Hence if $x=\pi /(2n)$ and $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$, then the limiting value of $S_n(x)$ overshoots $\frac{1}{4}\pi$ by approximately 18%. Similarly if $x=\pi /n$, then the limiting value of $S_n(x)$ undershoots $\frac{1}{4}\pi$ by approximately 10%, and so on. … ►

6.16.5 $$\mathrm{li}\left(x\right)-\pi (x)=O\left(\sqrt{x}\ln x\right),$$ $x\to \mathrm{\infty }$,

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\mathrm{li}\left(x\right)$: logarithmic integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $x$: real variable and $\pi (x)$: number of primes $\le x$

A&S Ref:

5.1.50

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.16.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.16(ii), §6.16 and Ch.6

… ►

►►

Figure 6.16.2: The logarithmic integral $\mathrm{li}\left(x\right)$, together with vertical bars indicating the value of $\pi (x)$ for $x=10,20,\mathrm{\dots },1000$. Magnify

7: Bibliography C

… ►

The hypergeometric function and the $R$-function near their branch points. Rend. Sem. Mat. Univ. Politec. Torino (Special Issue), pp. 63–89.

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Notes:

International conference on special functions: theory and computation (Turin, 1984)

External Links:

ISSN 0373-1243, MathReview (R. A. Askey), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§19.27(vi).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Asymptotic estimates for generalized Stirling numbers. Analysis (Munich) 20 (1), pp. 1–13.

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External Links:

ISSN 0174-4747, MathReview (F. T. Howard), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§26.8(vii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Validated computation of certain hypergeometric functions. ACM Trans. Math. Software 38 (2), pp. Art. 11, 20.

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External Links:

ISSN 0098-3500, Document, FullText, MathReview Entry, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§13.29(v), §15.19(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Coulomb effects in the Klein-Gordon equation for pions. Phys. Rev. C 20 (2), pp. 696–704.

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External Links:

Document

Referenced by:

5th item.

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Zeros of the Hankel function of real order out of the principal Riemann sheet. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 37 (1-3), pp. 89–99.

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External Links:

ISSN 0377-0427, Document, MathReview (Boro Döring), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.21(ix).

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

8: 25.6 Integer Arguments

… ►

§25.6(i) Function Values

… ►

25.6.3 $$\zeta \left(-n\right)=-\frac{B_{n+1}}{n+1},$$ $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function and $n$: nonnegative integer

Source:

Apostol (1976, (20), p. 266); with $n\ne 0$

A&S Ref:

23.2.15 (in slightly different form)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(i), §25.6 and Ch.25

… ►

§25.6(ii) Derivative Values

►

25.6.11 $${\zeta }^{\prime }\left(0\right)=-\frac{1}{2}\ln \left(2\pi \right).$$

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Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter and $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function

Source:

Apostol (1985a, p. 223)

A&S Ref:

23.2.13

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(ii), §25.6 and Ch.25

►

25.6.12 $${\zeta }^{\prime \prime }\left(0\right)=-\frac{1}{2}{(\ln \left(2\pi \right))}^2+\frac{1}{2}{\gamma }^2-\frac{1}{24}{\pi }^2+{\gamma }_1,$$

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Symbols:

$\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, ${\gamma }_n$: Stieltjes constants, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter and $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function

Source:

Apostol (1985a, pp. 226, 227, 229)

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.23) for Subsection 25.2(ii) Other Infinite Series

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E12

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(ii), §25.6 and Ch.25

…

9: 32.8 Rational Solutions

… ► ${\text{P}}_{\text{II}}$–${\text{P}}_{\text{VI}}$ possess hierarchies of rational solutions for special values of the parameters which are generated from “seed solutions” using the Bäcklund transformations and often can be expressed in the form of determinants. … ►

32.8.3 $$w(z;3)=\frac{3z^2}{z^3+4}-\frac{6z^2(z^3+10)}{z^6+20z^3-80},$$

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Symbols:

$z$: real

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.8.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §32.8(ii), §32.8 and Ch.32

… ►

32.8.5 $$w(z;n)=\frac{d}{dz}\left(\ln \left(\frac{Q_{n-1}(z)}{Q_n(z)}\right)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: integer, $z$: real and $Q_n(z)$: polynomial

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.8.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §32.8(ii), §32.8 and Ch.32

… ►

$$Q_3(z)=z^6+20z^3-80,$$

… ►

32.8.9 $$w(z;n)=\frac{d}{dz}\left(\ln \left(\frac{{\tau }_{n-1}(z)}{{\tau }_n(z)}\right)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: integer, $z$: real and ${\tau }_n(z)$: determinant

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.8.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §32.8(ii), §32.8 and Ch.32

…

10: 4.2 Definitions

… ►This is a multivalued function of $z$ with branch point at $z=0$. ►The principal value, or principal branch, is defined by … ►Most texts extend the definition of the principal value to include the branch cut … ► … ►The principal value is …