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21: 25.11 Hurwitz Zeta Function

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25.11.6 $$\zeta (s,a)=\frac{1}{a^s}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{s-1}\right)-\frac{s(s+1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx,$$ $s\ne 1$, $\mathrm{\Re }s>-1$, $a>0$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Source:

Apostol (1985a, (25), p. 231)

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.12) for Equations (25.11.6), (25.11.19), and (25.11.20)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Errata (effective with 1.0.12):

Originally the integrand was incorrect because its numerator contained the function ${\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)$. The correct function is $\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{2}$.

Reported 2016-05-08 by Clemens Heuberger

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(iii), §25.11 and Ch.25

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25.11.7 $$\zeta (s,a)=\frac{1}{a^s}+\frac{1}{{(1+a)}^s}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1+a}{s-1}\right)+\sum _{k=1}^n\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2k-2}{2k-1}\right)\frac{B_{2k}}{2k}\frac{1}{{(1+a)}^{s+2k-1}}-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2n}{2n+1}\right){\int }_1^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_{2n+1}\left(x\right)}{{(x+a)}^{s+2n+1}}dx,$$ $s\ne 1$, $a>0$, $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$, $\mathrm{\Re }s>-2n$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Proof sketch:

Derivable from (25.11.5) by setting $N=1$ and repeatedly integrating by parts using (1.2.6), (24.2.2), (24.2.4), (24.2.11), (24.2.12), (24.4.34).

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(iii), §25.11 and Ch.25

►For ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$ see §24.2(iii). … ►

25.11.19 $${\zeta }^{\prime }(s,a)=-\frac{\ln a}{a^s}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{s-1}\right)-\frac{a^{1-s}}{{(s-1)}^2}+\frac{s(s+1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{({\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2)\ln \left(x+a\right)}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx-\frac{(2s+1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>-1$, $s\ne 1$, $a>0$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $s$: complex variable and $k$: integer

Keywords:

derivative

Source:

Apostol (1985a, fourth equation, p. 231); with $k=1$, ${\phi }_2(x)=\frac{1}{2}({\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2)$

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.12) for Equations (25.11.6), (25.11.19), and (25.11.20)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E19

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Errata (effective with 1.0.12):

Originally both integrands were incorrect because their numerators contained the function ${\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)$. The correct function is $\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{2}$.

Reported 2016-06-27 by Gergő Nemes

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(vi), §25.11(vi), §25.11 and Ch.25

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25.11.20 $${(-1)}^k{\zeta }^{(k)}(s,a)=\frac{{(\ln a)}^k}{a^s}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{s-1}\right)+k!a^{1-s}\sum _{r=0}^{k-1}\frac{{(\ln a)}^r}{r!{(s-1)}^{k-r+1}}-\frac{s(s+1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{({\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2){(\ln \left(x+a\right))}^k}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx+\frac{k(2s+1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{({\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2){(\ln \left(x+a\right))}^{k-1}}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx-\frac{k(k-1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{({\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2){(\ln \left(x+a\right))}^{k-2}}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>-1$, $s\ne 1$, $a>0$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $s$: complex variable and $k$: integer

Keywords:

derivative

Source:

Apostol (1985a, fourth equation, p. 231); with ${\phi }_2(x)=\frac{1}{2}({\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2)$

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.12) for Equations (25.11.6), (25.11.19), and (25.11.20)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E20

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Errata (effective with 1.0.12):

Originally all three integrands were incorrect because their numerators contained the function ${\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)$. The correct function is $\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{2}$.

Reported 2016-06-27 by Gergő Nemes

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(vi), §25.11(vi), §25.11 and Ch.25

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22: 25.16 Mathematical Applications

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25.16.6 $$H\left(s\right)=-{\zeta }^{\prime }\left(s\right)+\gamma \zeta \left(s\right)+\frac{1}{2}\zeta \left(s+1\right)+\sum _{r=1}^k\zeta \left(1-2r\right)\zeta \left(s+2r\right)+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{1}{n^s}{\int }_n^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_{2k+1}\left(x\right)}{x^{2k+2}}dx,$$

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Symbols:

$\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $H\left(s\right)$: Euler sums, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler sum, finite sum, improper integral, infinite series, integral representation, series representation

Source:

Apostol and Vu (1984, (3), p. 87)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.16.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.16(ii), §25.16 and Ch.25

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25.16.7 $$H\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{2}\zeta \left(s+1\right)+\frac{\zeta \left(s\right)}{s-1}-\sum _{r=1}^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2r-2}{2r-1}\right)\zeta \left(1-2r\right)\zeta \left(s+2r\right)-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2k}{2k+1}\right)\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{1}{n}{\int }_n^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_{2k+1}\left(x\right)}{x^{s+2k+1}}dx.$$

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Symbols:

$H\left(s\right)$: Euler sums, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler sum, finite sum, improper integral, infinite series, integral representation, series representation

Source:

Apostol and Vu (1984, (6), p. 88)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.16.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.16(ii), §25.16 and Ch.25

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23: 21.9 Integrable Equations

… ►The KP equation has a class of quasi-periodic solutions described by Riemann theta functions, given by … ►

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Figure 21.9.1: Two-dimensional periodic waves in a shallow water wave tank, taken from Hammack et al. (1995, p. 97) by permission of Cambridge University Press. … Magnify

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24: 23.2 Definitions and Periodic Properties

§23.2 Definitions and Periodic Properties

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§23.2(iii) Periodicity

… ►Hence $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ is an elliptic function, that is, $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ is meromorphic and periodic on a lattice; equivalently, $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ is meromorphic and has two periods whose ratio is not real. … ►The function $\zeta \left(z\right)$ is quasi-periodic: for $j=1,2,3$, … ►For further quasi-periodic properties of the $\sigma$-function see Lawden (1989, §6.2).

25: 27.19 Methods of Computation: Factorization

… ►Deterministic algorithms are slow but are guaranteed to find the factorization within a known period of time. …

26: 28.5 Second Solutions ${\mathrm{fe}}_n$, ${\mathrm{ge}}_n$

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§28.5(i) Definitions

… ►If a nontrivial solution of Mathieu’s equation with $q\ne 0$ has period $\pi$ or $2\pi$, then any linearly independent solution cannot have either period. … ►

28.5.3

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Defines:

$f_n(z,q)$: functions (locally)

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $m$: integer, $q=h^2$: parameter, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.5.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.5(i), §28.5(i), §28.5 and Ch.28

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28.5.4

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Defines:

$g_n(z,q)$: functions (locally)

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $m$: integer, $q=h^2$: parameter, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.5.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.5(i), §28.5(i), §28.5 and Ch.28

… ►As a consequence of the factor $z$ on the right-hand sides of (28.5.1), (28.5.2), all solutions of Mathieu’s equation that are linearly independent of the periodic solutions are unbounded as $z\to \pm \mathrm{\infty }$ on $ℝ$. …

27: 20.13 Physical Applications

… ►The functions ${\theta }_j\left(z\right|\tau )$, $j=1,2,3,4$, provide periodic solutions of the partial differential equation … ►Thus the classical theta functions are “periodized”, or “anti-periodized”, Gaussians; see Bellman (1961, pp. 18, 19). …

28: 28.33 Physical Applications

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Boundary-values problems arising from solution of the two-dimensional wave equation in elliptical coordinates. This yields a pair of equations of the form (28.2.1) and (28.20.1), and the appropriate solution of (28.2.1) is usually a periodic solution of integer order. See §28.33(ii).

… ►The separated solutions $V_n(\xi ,\eta )$ must be $2\pi$-periodic in $\eta$, and have the form … ►If the parameters of a physical system vary periodically with time, then the question of stability arises, for example, a mathematical pendulum whose length varies as $\cos \left(2\omega t\right)$. … ►For points $(q,a)$ that are at intersections of $ℒ$ with the characteristic curves $a=a_n\left(q\right)$ or $a=b_n\left(q\right)$, a periodic solution is possible. …

29: 29.17 Other Solutions

… ►They are algebraic functions of $\mathrm{sn}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{cn}(z,k)$, and $\mathrm{dn}(z,k)$, and have primitive period $8K$. …

30: Bibliography I

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The periodic Lamé functions. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 60, pp. 47–63.

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External Links:

MathReview (H. Bateman), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§29.1, §29.15(ii), 1st item, §29.7(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Further investigations into the periodic Lamé functions. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 60, pp. 83–99.

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External Links:

MathReview (H. Bateman), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§29.1, §29.17(ii), §29.3(iii), §29.6(i), §29.6(ii), §29.6(iii), §29.6(iv), Ch.29, Notations E, Notations E, Notations E, Notations E.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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