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21: 2.8 Differential Equations with a Parameter

… ►in which $u$ is a real or complex parameter, and asymptotic solutions are needed for large $|u|$ that are uniform with respect to $z$ in a point set $𝐃$ in $ℝ$ or $ℂ$. … ►Solutions are Bessel functions, or modified Bessel functions, of order $\pm {(1+4\rho )}^{1/2}$ (§§10.2, 10.25). … ►In both cases uniform asymptotic approximations are obtained in terms of Bessel functions of order $1/(\lambda +2)$. More generally, $g(z)$ can have a simple or double pole at $z_0$. (In the case of the double pole the order of the approximating Bessel functions is fixed but no longer $1/(\lambda +2)$.) …

22: 19.23 Integral Representations

… ►

19.23.1 $$R_F(0,y,z)={\int }_0^{\pi /2}{(y{\cos }^2\theta +z{\sin }^2\theta )}^{-1/2}d\theta ,$$

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Symbols:

$R_F(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of first kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral and $\sin z$: sine function

Referenced by:

§19.23, §19.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.23.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.23 and Ch.19

►

19.23.2 $$R_G(0,y,z)=\frac{1}{2}{\int }_0^{\pi /2}{(y{\cos }^2\theta +z{\sin }^2\theta )}^{1/2}d\theta ,$$

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Symbols:

$R_G(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral and $\sin z$: sine function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.23.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.23 and Ch.19

►

19.23.3 $$R_D(0,y,z)=3{\int }_0^{\pi /2}{(y{\cos }^2\theta +z{\sin }^2\theta )}^{-3/2}{\sin }^2\theta d\theta .$$

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Symbols:

$R_D(x,y,z)$: elliptic integral symmetric in only two variables, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral and $\sin z$: sine function

Referenced by:

§19.23, §19.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.23.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.23 and Ch.19

… ►

19.23.10 $$R_{-a}(𝐛;𝐳)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{B}(a,a^{\prime })}{\int }_0^1{u}^{a-1}{(1-u)}^{a^{\prime }-1}\prod _{j=1}^n{(1-u+u{z}_j)}^{-b_j}du,$$ $a,a^{\prime }>0$; $a+a^{\prime }={\sum }_{j=1}^n{b}_j$; $z_j\in ℂ\setminus (-\mathrm{\infty },0]$.

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Symbols:

$R_{-a}(b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_n;z_1,\mathrm{\dots },z_n)$ or $R_{-a}(𝐛;𝐳)$: multivariate hypergeometric function, $\mathrm{B}(a,b)$: beta function, $ℂ$: complex plane, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\in$: element of, $\int$: integral, $(a,b]$: half-closed interval, $\setminus$: set subtraction and $n$: nonnegative integer

Referenced by:

§19.19, §19.23, §19.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.23.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.23 and Ch.19

►For generalizations of (19.23.6_5) and (19.23.8) see Carlson (1964, (6.2), (6.12), and (6.1)).

23: 29.2 Differential Equations

… ►This equation has regular singularities at the points $2pK+(2q+1)\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime }$, where $p,q\in \mathbb{Z}$, and $K$, $K^{\prime }$ are the complete elliptic integrals of the first kind with moduli $k$, $k^{\prime }(={(1-k^2)}^{1/2})$, respectively; see §19.2(ii). In general, at each singularity each solution of (29.2.1) has a branch point (§2.7(i)). … ►

$(e_2-e_3)/(e_1-e_3)=k^2.$

… ►

29.2.8 $$\eta ={(e_1-e_3)}^{-1/2}(z-\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime }),$$

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Defines:

$\eta$ (locally)

Symbols:

$K^{\prime }\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complementary complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex variable, $k$: real parameter and $e_j$: constants

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.2.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.2(ii), §29.2 and Ch.29

…

24: 2.3 Integrals of a Real Variable

… ►For an extension with more general $t$-powers see Bleistein and Handelsman (1975, §4.1). … ►Another extension is to more general factors than the exponential function. … ►Without loss of generality, we assume that this minimum is at the left endpoint $a$. … ►In general … ►For the more general integral (2.3.19) we assume, without loss of generality, that the stationary point (if any) is at the left endpoint. …

25: 32.2 Differential Equations

… ►If $\gamma \delta \ne 0$ in ${\text{P}}_{\text{III}}$, then set $\gamma =1$ and $\delta =-1$, without loss of generality, by rescaling $w$ and $z$ if necessary. If $\gamma =0$ and $\alpha \delta \ne 0$ in ${\text{P}}_{\text{III}}$, then set $\alpha =1$ and $\delta =-1$, without loss of generality. Lastly, if $\delta =0$ and $\beta \gamma \ne 0$, then set $\beta =-1$ and $\gamma =1$, without loss of generality. ►If $\delta \ne 0$ in ${\text{P}}_{\text{V}}$, then set $\delta =-\frac{1}{2}$, without loss of generality. …

26: 8.19 Generalized Exponential Integral

… ►

8.19.18 $$E_p\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{2m\pi \mathrm{i}}\right)=\frac{2\pi \mathrm{i}{\mathrm{e}}^{mp\pi \mathrm{i}}}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(p\right)}\frac{\sin \left(mp\pi \right)}{\sin \left(p\pi \right)}{z}^{p-1}+E_p\left(z\right),$$ $m\in \mathbb{Z}$, $z\ne 0$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\in$: element of, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_p\left(z\right)$: generalized exponential integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathbb{Z}$: set of all integers, $\sin z$: sine function, $z$: complex variable and $p$: parameter

Referenced by:

§2.11(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.19.E18

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.19(viii), §8.19 and Ch.8

… ►

8.19.25 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-at}{t}^{b-1}{E}_p\left(t\right)dt=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b\right){(1+a)}^{-b}}{p+b-1}F(1,b;p+b;a/(1+a)),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }a>-1$, $\mathrm{\Re }\left(p+b\right)>1$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_p\left(z\right)$: generalized exponential integral, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $a$: parameter and $p$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.19.E25

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.19(x), §8.19 and Ch.8

…

27: 31.2 Differential Equations

… ►where $2{\omega }_1$ and $2{\omega }_3$ with $\mathrm{\Im }\left({\omega }_3/{\omega }_1\right)>0$ are generators of the lattice $𝕃$ for $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$. …

28: 19.31 Probability Distributions

… ►More generally, let $𝐀$ ($=[a_{r,s}]$) and $𝐁$ ($=[b_{r,s}]$) be real positive-definite matrices with $n$ rows and $n$ columns, and let ${\lambda }_1,\mathrm{\dots },{\lambda }_n$ be the eigenvalues of $𝐀{𝐁}^{-1}$. … ►

19.31.2 $${\int }_{{ℝ}^n}{({𝐱}^{\mathrm{T}}𝐀𝐱)}^{\mu }\exp \left(-{𝐱}^{\mathrm{T}}𝐁𝐱\right)d{x}_1\mathrm{\cdots }d{x}_n=\frac{{\pi }^{n/2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mu +\frac{1}{2}n\right)}{\sqrt{det𝐁}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}n\right)}{R}_{\mu }(\frac{1}{2},\mathrm{\dots },\frac{1}{2};{\lambda }_1,\mathrm{\dots },{\lambda }_n),$$ $\mu >-\frac{1}{2}n$.

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Symbols:

$R_{-a}(b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_n;z_1,\mathrm{\dots },z_n)$ or $R_{-a}(𝐛;𝐳)$: multivariate hypergeometric function, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $det$: determinant, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\exp z$: exponential function, $\int$: integral, $ℝ$: real line, ${𝐀}^{\mathrm{T}}$: transpose of matrix, $n$: nonnegative integer and ${\lambda }_n$: eigenvalues

Referenced by:

§19.31

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.31.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.31 and Ch.19

►§19.16(iii) shows that for $n=3$ the incomplete cases of $R_F$ and $R_G$ occur when $\mu =-1/2$ and $\mu =1/2$, respectively, while their complete cases occur when $n=2$. ►For (19.31.2) and generalizations see Carlson (1972b).

29: 8.1 Special Notation

… ► ►►►

$x$	real variable.
…
$\psi \left(z\right)$	${\mathrm{\Gamma }}^{\prime }\left(z\right)/\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$.

►Unless otherwise indicated, primes denote derivatives with respect to the argument. ►The functions treated in this chapter are the incomplete gamma functions $\gamma (a,z)$, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$, ${\gamma }^{\ast }(a,z)$, $P(a,z)$, and $Q(a,z)$; the incomplete beta functions ${\mathrm{B}}_x(a,b)$ and $I_x(a,b)$; the generalized exponential integral $E_p\left(z\right)$; the generalized sine and cosine integrals $\mathrm{si}(a,z)$, $\mathrm{ci}(a,z)$, $\mathrm{Si}(a,z)$, and $\mathrm{Ci}(a,z)$. ►Alternative notations include: Prym’s functions $P_z(a)=\gamma (a,z)$, $Q_z(a)=\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$, Nielsen (1906a, pp. 25–26), Batchelder (1967, p. 63); $(a,z)!=\gamma (a+1,z)$, $[a,z]!=\mathrm{\Gamma }(a+1,z)$, Dingle (1973); $B(a,b,x)={\mathrm{B}}_x(a,b)$, $I(a,b,x)=I_x(a,b)$, Magnus et al. (1966); $\mathrm{Si}(a,x)\to \mathrm{Si}(1-a,x)$, $\mathrm{Ci}(a,x)\to \mathrm{Ci}(1-a,x)$, Luke (1975).

30: 16.5 Integral Representations and Integrals

… ►

16.5.1 $$\left(\prod _{k=1}^p\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a_k\right)/\prod _{k=1}^q\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b_k\right)\right){}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q};z)=\frac{1}{2\pi \mathrm{i}}{\int }_L\left(\prod _{k=1}^p\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a_k+s\right)/\prod _{k=1}^q\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b_k+s\right)\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(-s\right){(-z)}^{s}ds,$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q};z)$: alternatively ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(𝐚;𝐛;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{𝐚}{𝐛};z)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $p$: nonnegative integer, $q$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $a,a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p$: real or complex parameters and $b,b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q$: real or complex parameters

Referenced by:

§13.6(vi), §16.11(i), §16.5, §16.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.5.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §16.5 and Ch.16

… ►In this event, the formal power-series expansion of the left-hand side (obtained from (16.2.1)) is the asymptotic expansion of the right-hand side as $z\to 0$ in the sector $|\mathrm{ph}\left(-z\right)|\le (p+1-q-\delta )\pi /2$, where $\delta$ is an arbitrary small positive constant. …