infinite series expansions

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31: 3.7 Ordinary Differential Equations

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§3.7(ii) Taylor-Series Method: Initial-Value Problems

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§3.7(iii) Taylor-Series Method: Boundary-Value Problems

… ►Let $(a,b)$ be a finite or infinite interval and $q(x)$ be a real-valued continuous (or piecewise continuous) function on the closure of $(a,b)$. …with limits taken in (3.7.16) when $a$ or $b$, or both, are infinite. … ►The method consists of a set of rules each of which is equivalent to a truncated Taylor-series expansion, but the rules avoid the need for analytic differentiations of the differential equation. …

32: 27.12 Asymptotic Formulas: Primes

… ►where the series terminates when the product of the first $r$ primes exceeds $x$. … ►

27.12.4 $$\pi \left(x\right)\sim \sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{(k-1)!x}{{(\ln x)}^k}.$$

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Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\pi \left(x\right)$: number of primes not exceeding a number, $k$: positive integer and $x$: real number

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.12.E4

Encodings:

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Change of Notation (effective with 1.0.10):

The notation for logarithm has been changed to $\ln$ from $\log$.

See also:

Annotations for §27.12 and Ch.27

… ► $\pi \left(x\right)-\mathrm{li}\left(x\right)$ changes sign infinitely often as $x\to \mathrm{\infty }$; see Littlewood (1914), Bays and Hudson (2000). … ►If $a$ is relatively prime to the modulus $m$, then there are infinitely many primes congruent to $a(modm)$. … ►There are infinitely many Carmichael numbers. …

33: 28.2 Definitions and Basic Properties

… ►The Fourier series of a Floquet solution ►

28.2.18 $$w(z)=\sum _{n=-\mathrm{\infty }}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{c}_{2n}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}(\nu +2n)z}$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $n$: integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution and $c_{2n}$: coefficients

A&S Ref:

20.3.8

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.2.E18

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §28.2(iv), §28.2 and Ch.28

… ►For given $\nu$ and $q$, equation (28.2.16) determines an infinite discrete set of values of $a$, the eigenvalues or characteristic values, of Mathieu’s equation. … ►Near $q=0$, $a_n\left(q\right)$ and $b_n\left(q\right)$ can be expanded in power series in $q$ (see §28.6(i)); elsewhere they are determined by analytic continuation (see §28.7). …

34: 25.10 Zeros

… ►In the region , called the critical strip, $\zeta \left(s\right)$ has infinitely many zeros, distributed symmetrically about the real axis and about the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$. … ►Because $Z(t)$ changes sign infinitely often, $\zeta \left(\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}t\right)$ has infinitely many zeros with $t$ real. … ►The error term $R(t)$ can be expressed as an asymptotic series that begins … ►For further information on the Riemann–Siegel expansion see Berry (1995).

35: Bibliography O

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Summing one- and two-dimensional series related to the Euler series. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 98 (2), pp. 245–271.

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External Links:

ISSN 0377-0427, Document, MathReview (Boris Petrovich Osilenker), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§25.8.

Encodings:

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Complete elliptic integrals resulting from infinite integrals of Bessel functions. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 78B (3), pp. 113–135.

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External Links:

ISSN 0160-1741, MathReview (Y. L. Luke), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.22(vi), §10.43(vi).

Encodings:

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Complete elliptic integrals resulting from infinite integrals of Bessel functions. II. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 79B (3-4), pp. 137–170.

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External Links:

ISSN 0160-1741, MathReview (Y. L. Luke), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.22(vi), §10.43(vi).

Encodings:

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Asymptotic expansions of the coefficients in asymptotic series solutions of linear differential equations. Methods Appl. Anal. 1 (1), pp. 1–13.

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External Links:

ISSN 1073-2772, Pdf, MathReview (Archibald D. MacGillivray), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.7(ii), §2.7(ii).

Encodings:

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A closed form solution of the $s$-wave Bethe-Goldstone equation with an infinite repulsive core. J. Math. Phys. 27 (4), pp. 1154–1158.

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External Links:

ISSN 0022-2488, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§30.13(v).

Encodings:

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36: 1.3 Determinants, Linear Operators, and Spectral Expansions

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§1.3(iii) Infinite Determinants

… ► ►Of importance for special functions are infinite determinants of Hill’s type. These have the property that the double series … ►

Orthonormal Expansions

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37: 2.3 Integrals of a Real Variable

… ►converges for all sufficiently large $x$, and $q(t)$ is infinitely differentiable in a neighborhood of the origin. … ►Then the series obtained by substituting (2.3.7) into (2.3.1) and integrating formally term by term yields an asymptotic expansion: … ►Assume that $q(t)$ again has the expansion (2.3.7) and this expansion is infinitely differentiable, $q(t)$ is infinitely differentiable on $(0,\mathrm{\infty })$, and each of the integrals $\int {\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}xt}{q}^{(s)}(t)dt$, $s=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$, converges at $t=\mathrm{\infty }$, uniformly for all sufficiently large $x$. Then … ►

As $t\to a+$ the asymptotic expansions (2.3.14) apply, and each is infinitely differentiable. Again $\lambda$, $\mu$, and $p_0$ are positive.

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38: Errata

… ►This especially included updated information on matrix analysis, measure theory, spectral analysis, and a new section on linear second order differential operators and eigenfunction expansions. … ►

§4.13 has been enlarged. The Lambert $W$-function is multi-valued and we use the notation $W_k\left(x\right)$, $k\in \mathbb{Z}$, for the branches. The original two solutions are identified via $\mathrm{Wp}\left(x\right)=W_0\left(x\right)$ and $\mathrm{Wm}\left(x\right)=W_{\pm 1}\left(x\mp 0\mathrm{i}\right)$.

Other changes are the introduction of the Wright $\omega$-function and tree $T$-function in (4.13.1_2) and (4.13.1_3), simplification formulas (4.13.3_1) and (4.13.3_2), explicit representation (4.13.4_1) for $\frac{d^{n}W}{{dz}^n}$, additional Maclaurin series (4.13.5_1) and (4.13.5_2), an explicit expansion about the branch point at $z=-{\mathrm{e}}^{-1}$ in (4.13.9_1), extending the number of terms in asymptotic expansions (4.13.10) and (4.13.11), and including several integrals and integral representations for Lambert $W$-functions in the end of the section.

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It is now mentioned that (25.2.5), defines the Stieltjes constants ${\gamma }_n$. Consequently, ${\gamma }_n$ in (25.2.4), (25.6.12) are now identified as the Stieltjes constants.

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Because (2.11.4) is not an asymptotic expansion, the symbol $\sim$ that was used originally is incorrect and has been replaced with $\approx$, together with a slight change of wording.

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Originally was expressed in term of asymptotic symbol $\sim$. As a consequence of the use of the $O$ order symbol on the right-hand side, $\sim$ was replaced by $=$.

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39: Bibliography M

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Siegel’s modular forms and Dirichlet series. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 216, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (K.-B. Gundlach), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§35.4(ii).

Encodings:

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Infinite families of exact sums of squares formulas, Jacobi elliptic functions, continued fractions, and Schur functions. Ramanujan J. 6 (1), pp. 7–149.

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External Links:

Document, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§27.13(iv).

Encodings:

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New infinite families of exact sums of squares formulas, Jacobi elliptic functions, and Ramanujan’s tau function. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (26), pp. 15004–15008.

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External Links:

ISSN 0027-8424, MathReview (Ken Ono), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§27.13(iv).

Encodings:

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On the evaluation of some multiple series. J. London Math. Soc. (2) 33, pp. 368–371.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (V. F. Cowling), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

(25.6.5).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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A new Stirling series as continued fraction. Numer. Algorithms 56 (1), pp. 17–26.

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External Links:

ISSN 1017-1398, Document, FullText, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§5.10.

Encodings:

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40: 1.9 Calculus of a Complex Variable

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§1.9(v) Infinite Sequences and Series

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Weierstrass $M$-test

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§1.9(vii) Inversion of Limits

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Dominated Convergence Theorem

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