incomplete integrals

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11: 19.2 Definitions

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19.2.4 $$F(\varphi ,k)={\int }_0^{\varphi }\frac{d\theta }{\sqrt{1-k^2{\sin }^2\theta }}={\int }_0^{\sin \varphi }\frac{dt}{\sqrt{1-t^2}\sqrt{1-k^2{t}^2}},$$

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Defines:

$F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\sin z$: sine function, $\varphi$: real or complex argument and $k$: real or complex modulus

Referenced by:

§19.5, §19.6(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.2.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.2(ii), §19.2 and Ch.19

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19.2.5 $$E(\varphi ,k)={\int }_0^{\varphi }\sqrt{1-k^2{\sin }^2\theta }d\theta ={\int }_0^{\sin \varphi }\frac{\sqrt{1-k^2{t}^2}}{\sqrt{1-t^2}}dt.$$

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Defines:

$E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\sin z$: sine function, $\varphi$: real or complex argument and $k$: real or complex modulus

Referenced by:

§19.6(iii), §22.16(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.2.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.2(ii), §19.2 and Ch.19

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19.2.6 $$D(\varphi ,k)={\int }_0^{\varphi }\frac{{\sin }^2\theta d\theta }{\sqrt{1-k^2{\sin }^2\theta }}={\int }_0^{\sin \varphi }\frac{t^{2}dt}{\sqrt{1-t^2}\sqrt{1-k^2{t}^2}}=(F(\varphi ,k)-E(\varphi ,k))/k^2.$$

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Defines:

$D(\varphi ,k)$: incomplete elliptic integral of Legendre’s type

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind, $\int$: integral, $\sin z$: sine function, $\varphi$: real or complex argument and $k$: real or complex modulus

Referenced by:

§19.25(i), §19.36(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.2.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.2(ii), §19.2 and Ch.19

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19.2.11_5 $$\mathrm{el1}(x,k_c)={\int }_0^{\arctan x}\frac{1}{\sqrt{{\cos }^2\theta +k_c^2{\sin }^2\theta }}d\theta ,$$

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Defines:

$\mathrm{el1}(x,k_c)$: Bulirsch’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind

Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\arctan z$: arctangent function, $\sin z$: sine function, $k_c$: real or complex variable not equal to zero and $x$: real or complex variable

Referenced by:

§19.2(iii), Erratum (V1.1.0) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.2.E11_5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.0):

This equation was added and made the definition for $\mathrm{el1}(x,k_c)$ (was previously (19.2.15)).

Suggested 2019-09-26 by Jan Mangaldan

See also:

Annotations for §19.2(iii), §19.2 and Ch.19

… ►Lastly, corresponding to Legendre’s incomplete integral of the third kind we have …

12: 19.4 Derivatives and Differential Equations

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19.4.5 $$\frac{\partial F(\varphi ,k)}{\partial k}=\frac{E(\varphi ,k)-k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^{2}F(\varphi ,k)}{kk_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2}-\frac{k\sin \varphi \cos \varphi }{k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2\sqrt{1-k^2{\sin }^2\varphi }},$$

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $\sin z$: sine function, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.4.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.4(i), §19.4 and Ch.19

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19.4.6 $$\frac{\partial E(\varphi ,k)}{\partial k}=\frac{E(\varphi ,k)-F(\varphi ,k)}{k},$$

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Symbols:

$F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $\varphi$: real or complex argument and $k$: real or complex modulus

Referenced by:

§19.30(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.4.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.4(i), §19.4 and Ch.19

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19.4.7 $$\frac{\partial \mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)}{\partial k}=\frac{k}{k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2(k^2-{\alpha }^2)}\left(E(\varphi ,k)-k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)-\frac{k^2\sin \varphi \cos \varphi }{\sqrt{1-k^2{\sin }^2\varphi }}\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind, $\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $\sin z$: sine function, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus, $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus and ${\alpha }^2$: real or complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.4.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.4(i), §19.4 and Ch.19

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19.4.8 $$(kk_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2{D}_k^2+(1-3k^2)D_k-k)F(\varphi ,k)=\frac{-k\sin \varphi \cos \varphi }{{(1-k^2{\sin }^2\varphi )}^{3/2}},$$

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\sin z$: sine function, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus, $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus and $D_k$: differential operator

Referenced by:

§19.4(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.4.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.4(ii), §19.4 and Ch.19

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19.4.9 $$(kk_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2{D}_k^2+k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2{D}_k+k)E(\varphi ,k)=\frac{k\sin \varphi \cos \varphi }{\sqrt{1-k^2{\sin }^2\varphi }}.$$

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind, $\sin z$: sine function, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus, $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus and $D_k$: differential operator

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.4.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.4(ii), §19.4 and Ch.19

…

13: 19.39 Software

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§19.39(iii) Legendre’s and Bulirsch’s Incomplete Integrals

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14: 8.4 Special Values

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8.4.1 $$\gamma (\frac{1}{2},z^2)=2{\int }_0^z{\mathrm{e}}^{-t^2}dt=\sqrt{\pi }\mathrm{erf}\left(z\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{erf}z$: error function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\gamma (a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\int$: integral and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

6.5.16

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.4.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.4 and Ch.8

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8.4.4 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }(0,z)={\int }_z^{\mathrm{\infty }}{t}^{-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-t}dt=E_1\left(z\right),$$

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Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\int$: integral and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

6.5.15

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.4.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.4 and Ch.8

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8.4.6 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }(\frac{1}{2},z^2)=2{\int }_z^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-t^2}dt=\sqrt{\pi }\mathrm{erfc}\left(z\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{erfc}z$: complementary error function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\int$: integral and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

6.5.17

Referenced by:

§8.4

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.4.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.4 and Ch.8

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8.4.13 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }(1-n,z)=z^{1-n}{E}_n\left(z\right),$$

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Symbols:

$E_p\left(z\right)$: generalized exponential integral, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $z$: complex variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

Referenced by:

§8.19(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.4.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.4 and Ch.8

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8.4.15 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }(-n,z)=\frac{{(-1)}^n}{n!}\left(E_1\left(z\right)-{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{{(-1)}^{k}k!}{z^{k+1}}\right)=\frac{{(-1)}^n}{n!}\left(\psi \left(n+1\right)-\ln z\right)-z^{-n}\sum _{\begin{array}{c}k=0\\ k\ne n\end{array}}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-z)}^k}{k!(k-n)}.$$

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Symbols:

$\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $z$: complex variable, $k$: nonnegative integer and $n$: nonnegative integer

A&S Ref:

6.5.19

Referenced by:

§8.19(iii), §8.19(iv), §8.4

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.4.E15

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.4 and Ch.8

15: 8.22 Mathematical Applications

§8.22 Mathematical Applications

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8.22.1 $$F_p\left(z\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(p\right)}{2\pi }{z}^{1-p}{E}_p\left(z\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(p\right)}{2\pi }\mathrm{\Gamma }(1-p,z),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $E_p\left(z\right)$: generalized exponential integral, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $F_p\left(z\right)$: terminant function, $z$: complex variable and $p$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.22.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.22(i), §8.22 and Ch.8

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8.22.2 $${\zeta }_x(s)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s\right)}{\int }_0^x\frac{t^{s-1}}{{\mathrm{e}}^t-1}dt,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>1$,

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Defines:

${\zeta }_x(s)$: incomplete Riemann zeta function (locally)

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.22.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.22(ii), §8.22 and Ch.8

… ►The Debye functions ${\int }_0^x{t}^n{\left({\mathrm{e}}^t-1\right)}^{-1}dt$ and ${\int }_x^{\mathrm{\infty }}{t}^n{\left({\mathrm{e}}^t-1\right)}^{-1}dt$ are closely related to the incomplete Riemann zeta function and the Riemann zeta function. …

16: 19.7 Connection Formulas

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19.7.8 $$\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)+\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\omega }^2,k)=F(\varphi ,k)+\sqrt{c}{R}_C((c-1)(c-k^2),(c-{\alpha }^2)(c-{\omega }^2)),$$ ${\alpha }^2{\omega }^2=k^2$.

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Defines:

${\omega }^2$: change of variable (locally)

Symbols:

$R_C(x,y)$: Carlson’s combination of inverse circular and inverse hyperbolic functions, $F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus, ${\alpha }^2$: real or complex parameter and $c$: change of variable

Referenced by:

§19.25(i), §19.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.7.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.7(iii), §19.7 and Ch.19

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19.7.9 $$(k^2-{\alpha }^2)\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)+(k^2-{\omega }^2)\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\omega }^2,k)=k^{2}F(\varphi ,k)-{\alpha }^2{\omega }^2\sqrt{c-1}{R}_C(c(c-k^2),(c-{\alpha }^2)(c-{\omega }^2)),$$ $(1-{\alpha }^2)(1-{\omega }^2)=1-k^2$.

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Defines:

${\omega }^2$: change of variable (locally)

Symbols:

$R_C(x,y)$: Carlson’s combination of inverse circular and inverse hyperbolic functions, $F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus, ${\alpha }^2$: real or complex parameter and $c$: change of variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.7.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.7(iii), §19.7 and Ch.19

… ►

19.7.10 $$(1-{\alpha }^2)\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)+(1-{\omega }^2)\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\omega }^2,k)=F(\varphi ,k)+(1-{\alpha }^2-{\omega }^2)\sqrt{c-k^2}{R}_C(c(c-1),(c-{\alpha }^2)(c-{\omega }^2)),$$ $(k^2-{\alpha }^2)(k^2-{\omega }^2)=k^2(k^2-1)$.

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Defines:

${\omega }^2$: change of variable (locally)

Symbols:

$R_C(x,y)$: Carlson’s combination of inverse circular and inverse hyperbolic functions, $F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus, ${\alpha }^2$: real or complex parameter and $c$: change of variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.7.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.7(iii), §19.7 and Ch.19

17: 19.11 Addition Theorems

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19.11.1 $$F(\theta ,k)+F(\varphi ,k)=F(\psi ,k),$$

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Symbols:

$F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus, $\theta$: amplitude and $\psi$: angle

Referenced by:

§19.11(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.11.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.11(i), §19.11 and Ch.19

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19.11.2 $$E(\theta ,k)+E(\varphi ,k)=E(\psi ,k)+k^2\sin \theta \sin \varphi \sin \psi .$$

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Symbols:

$E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind, $\sin z$: sine function, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus, $\theta$: amplitude and $\psi$: angle

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.11.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.11(i), §19.11 and Ch.19

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19.11.7 $$F(\varphi ,k)=K\left(k\right)-F(\theta ,k),$$

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Symbols:

$K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus and $\theta$: amplitude

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.11(ii), §19.11 and Ch.19

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19.11.8 $$E(\varphi ,k)=E\left(k\right)-E(\theta ,k)+k^2\sin \theta \sin \varphi ,$$

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Symbols:

$E\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the second kind, $E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind, $\sin z$: sine function, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus and $\theta$: amplitude

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.11.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.11(ii), §19.11 and Ch.19

… ►

19.11.12 $$F(\psi ,k)=2F(\theta ,k),$$

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Symbols:

$F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, $k$: real or complex modulus, $\theta$: amplitude and $\psi$: angle

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.11.E12

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.11(iii), §19.11 and Ch.19

…

18: 8.1 Special Notation

… ►Unless otherwise indicated, primes denote derivatives with respect to the argument. ►The functions treated in this chapter are the incomplete gamma functions $\gamma (a,z)$, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$, ${\gamma }^{\ast }(a,z)$, $P(a,z)$, and $Q(a,z)$; the incomplete beta functions ${\mathrm{B}}_x(a,b)$ and $I_x(a,b)$; the generalized exponential integral $E_p\left(z\right)$; the generalized sine and cosine integrals $\mathrm{si}(a,z)$, $\mathrm{ci}(a,z)$, $\mathrm{Si}(a,z)$, and $\mathrm{Ci}(a,z)$. ►Alternative notations include: Prym’s functions $P_z(a)=\gamma (a,z)$, $Q_z(a)=\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$, Nielsen (1906a, pp. 25–26), Batchelder (1967, p. 63); $(a,z)!=\gamma (a+1,z)$, $[a,z]!=\mathrm{\Gamma }(a+1,z)$, Dingle (1973); $B(a,b,x)={\mathrm{B}}_x(a,b)$, $I(a,b,x)=I_x(a,b)$, Magnus et al. (1966); $\mathrm{Si}(a,x)\to \mathrm{Si}(1-a,x)$, $\mathrm{Ci}(a,x)\to \mathrm{Ci}(1-a,x)$, Luke (1975).

19: 19.6 Special Cases

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19.6.8 $$F(\varphi ,1)=(\sin \varphi )R_C(1,{\cos }^2\varphi )={\mathrm{gd}}^{-1}\left(\varphi \right).$$

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Symbols:

$R_C(x,y)$: Carlson’s combination of inverse circular and inverse hyperbolic functions, $\cos z$: cosine function, $F(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind, ${\mathrm{gd}}^{-1}\left(x\right)$: inverse Gudermannian function, $\sin z$: sine function and $\varphi$: real or complex argument

Referenced by:

§19.10(ii), §19.10(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.6.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.6(ii), §19.6 and Ch.19

… ►

19.6.10 $$\underset{\varphi \to 0}{lim}E(\varphi ,k)/\varphi =1.$$

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Symbols:

$E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind, $\varphi$: real or complex argument and $k$: real or complex modulus

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.6.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.6(iii), §19.6 and Ch.19

…

20: 8.24 Physical Applications

§8.24 Physical Applications

…