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21: 7.2 Definitions

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7.2.2 $$\mathrm{erfc}z=\frac{2}{\sqrt{\pi }}{\int }_z^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-t^2}dt=1-\mathrm{erf}z,$$

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Defines:

$\mathrm{erfc}z$: complementary error function

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{erf}z$: error function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

7.1.2

Referenced by:

§7.5, §7.7(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.2.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.2(i), §7.2 and Ch.7

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7.2.3 $$w\left(z\right)={\mathrm{e}}^{-z^2}\left(1+\frac{2\mathrm{i}}{\sqrt{\pi }}{\int }_0^z{\mathrm{e}}^{t^2}dt\right)={\mathrm{e}}^{-z^2}\mathrm{erfc}\left(-\mathrm{i}z\right).$$

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Defines:

$w\left(z\right)$: Faddeeva (or Faddeyeva) function

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{erfc}z$: complementary error function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral and $z$: complex variable

Keywords:

definition, Faddeeva (or Faddeyeva) function

A&S Ref:

7.1.3

Referenced by:

§7.19(i), §7.5, Erratum (V1.0.17) for Equation (7.2.3)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.2.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.0.17):

Originally named as a complementary error function, this has been renamed as the Faddeeva (or Faddeyeva) function.

See also:

Annotations for §7.2(i), §7.2 and Ch.7

► $\mathrm{erf}z$, $\mathrm{erfc}z$, and $w\left(z\right)$ are entire functions of $z$, as is $F\left(z\right)$ in the next subsection. … ►

$\underset{z\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\mathrm{erfc}z=0$ , .

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22: 7.20 Mathematical Applications

… ►For applications of the complementary error function in uniform asymptotic approximations of integrals—saddle point coalescing with a pole or saddle point coalescing with an endpoint—see Wong (1989, Chapter 7), Olver (1997b, Chapter 9), and van der Waerden (1951). ►The complementary error function also plays a ubiquitous role in constructing exponentially-improved asymptotic expansions and providing a smooth interpretation of the Stokes phenomenon; see §§2.11(iii) and 2.11(iv). … ►

7.20.1 $$\frac{1}{\sigma \sqrt{2\pi }}{\int }_{-\mathrm{\infty }}^x{\mathrm{e}}^{-{(t-m)}^2/(2{\sigma }^2)}dt=\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{erfc}\left(\frac{m-x}{\sigma \sqrt{2}}\right)=Q\left(\frac{m-x}{\sigma }\right)=P\left(\frac{x-m}{\sigma }\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{erfc}z$: complementary error function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $x$: real variable, $m$: mean and $\sigma$: standard deviation

A&S Ref:

7.1.22 (slightly modified)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.20.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.20(iii), §7.20 and Ch.7

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23: 22.14 Integrals

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22.14.5 $$\int \mathrm{sd}(x,k)dx={(k{k}^{\prime })}^{-1}\mathrm{Arcsin}\left(-k\mathrm{cd}(x,k)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{cd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{sd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{Arcsin}z$: general arcsine function, $x$: real, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

A&S Ref:

16.24.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.14.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.14(i), §22.14 and Ch.22

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22.14.6 $$\int \mathrm{nd}(x,k)dx=k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^{-1}\mathrm{Arccos}\left(\mathrm{cd}(x,k)\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{cd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{nd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{Arccos}z$: general arccosine function, $x$: real, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

A&S Ref:

16.24.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.14.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.14(i), §22.14 and Ch.22

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22.14.8 $$\int \mathrm{nc}(x,k)dx=k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^{-1}\ln \left(\mathrm{dc}(x,k)+k^{\prime }\mathrm{sc}(x,k)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{dc}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{nc}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\mathrm{sc}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $x$: real, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

A&S Ref:

16.24.8

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.14.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.14(i), §22.14 and Ch.22

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22.14.16 $${\int }_0^{K\left(k\right)}\ln \left(\mathrm{sn}(t,k)\right)dt=-\frac{\pi }{4}{K}^{\prime }\left(k\right)-\frac{1}{2}K\left(k\right)\ln k,$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{sn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K^{\prime }\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complementary complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $k$: modulus

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.28) for Equations (22.14.16), (22.14.17)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.14.E16

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.0.28):

Originally, a factor of $\pi$ was missing from the term containing the $\frac{1}{4}{K}^{\prime }\left(k\right)$.

Suggested 2020-08-06 by Fred Hucht

See also:

Annotations for §22.14(iv), §22.14 and Ch.22

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22.14.17 $${\int }_0^{K\left(k\right)}\ln \left(\mathrm{cn}(t,k)\right)dt=-\frac{\pi }{4}{K}^{\prime }\left(k\right)+\frac{1}{2}K\left(k\right)\ln \left(k^{\prime }/k\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{cn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K^{\prime }\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complementary complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.28) for Equations (22.14.16), (22.14.17)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.14.E17

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.0.28):

Originally, a factor of $\pi$ was missing from the term containing the $\frac{1}{4}{K}^{\prime }\left(k\right)$.

Suggested 2020-08-06 by Fred Hucht

See also:

Annotations for §22.14(iv), §22.14 and Ch.22

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24: 12.7 Relations to Other Functions

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§12.7(ii) Error Functions, Dawson’s Integral, and Probability Function

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12.7.5 $$U(\frac{1}{2},z)=D_{-1}\left(z\right)=\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}\pi }{\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}\mathrm{erfc}\left(z/\sqrt{2}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$D_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: parabolic cylinder function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{erfc}z$: complementary error function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $U(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§12.11(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.7.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.7(ii), §12.7 and Ch.12

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12.7.6 $$U(n+\frac{1}{2},z)=D_{-n-1}\left(z\right)=\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{2}}\frac{{(-1)}^n}{n!}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}\frac{d^n\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{2}{z}^2}\mathrm{erfc}\left(z/\sqrt{2}\right)\right)}{{dz}^n},$$ $n=0,1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$,

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Symbols:

$D_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: parabolic cylinder function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{erfc}z$: complementary error function, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $U(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $z$: complex variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.7.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.7(ii), §12.7 and Ch.12

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12.7.7 $$U(n+\frac{1}{2},z)={\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}{\mathrm{𝐻ℎ}}_n\left(z\right)=\sqrt{\pi }{\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}2}}^{\frac{1}{2}(n-1)}{\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{4}{z}^2}{\mathrm{i}}^n\mathrm{erfc}\left(z/\sqrt{2}\right),$$ $n=-1,0,1,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{𝐻ℎ}}_n\left(z\right)$: probability function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $U(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, ${\mathrm{i}}^n\mathrm{erfc}\left(z\right)$: repeated integrals of the complementary error function, $z$: complex variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

Referenced by:

§12.7(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.7.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.7(ii), §12.7 and Ch.12

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25: 29.18 Mathematical Applications

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$0\le {\beta }^{\prime }\le 2K^{\prime },$

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$\alpha =K+\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime }-{\alpha }^{\prime },$ ,

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$\beta =K+\mathrm{i}{\beta }^{\prime },$ $0\le {\beta }^{\prime }\le 2K^{\prime },0\le \gamma \le 4K$,

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26: 29.13 Graphics

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Figure 29.13.21: $|{\mathrm{𝑢𝐸}}_4^1(x+\mathrm{i}y,0.1)|$ for $-3K\le x\le 3K$, $0\le y\le 2K^{\prime }$. $K=1.61244\mathrm{\dots }$, $K^{\prime }=2.57809\mathrm{\dots }$. Magnify 3D Help

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Figure 29.13.22: $|{\mathrm{𝑢𝐸}}_4^1(x+\mathrm{i}y,0.5)|$ for $-3K\le x\le 3K$, $0\le y\le 2K^{\prime }$. $K=K^{\prime }=1.85407\mathrm{\dots }$. Magnify 3D Help

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Figure 29.13.23: $|{\mathrm{𝑢𝐸}}_4^1(x+\mathrm{i}y,0.9)|$ for $-3K\le x\le 3K$, $0\le y\le 2K^{\prime }$. $K=2.57809\mathrm{\dots }$, $K^{\prime }=1.61244\mathrm{\dots }$. Magnify 3D Help

27: 6.4 Analytic Continuation

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6.4.1 $$E_1\left(z\right)=\mathrm{Ein}\left(z\right)-\mathrm{Ln}z-\gamma ;$$

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Symbols:

$\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $\mathrm{Ein}\left(z\right)$: complementary exponential integral, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{Ln}z$: general logarithm function and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§6.4

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.4.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.4 and Ch.6

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6.4.3 $$E_1\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}}\right)=\mathrm{Ein}\left(-z\right)-\ln z-\gamma \mp \pi \mathrm{i},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi$.

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Symbols:

$\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{Ein}\left(z\right)$: complementary exponential integral, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_1\left(z\right)$: exponential integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§6.4

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.4.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.4 and Ch.6

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28: 29.12 Definitions

… ►The superscript $m$ on the left-hand sides of (29.12.1)–(29.12.8) agrees with the number of $z$-zeros of each Lamé polynomial in the interval $(0,K)$, while $n-m$ is the number of $z$-zeros in the open line segment from $K$ to $K+\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime }$. … ►

Table 29.12.1: Lamé polynomials.

► ►►►►►

$\nu$	eigenvalue $h$	eigenfunction $w(z)$	polynomial form	real period	imag. period	parity of $w(z)$	parity of $w(z-K)$	parity of $w(z-K-\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime })$
$2n$	$a_{\nu }^{2m}\left(k^2\right)$	${\mathrm{𝑢𝐸}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)$	$P({\mathrm{sn}}^2)$	$2K$	$2\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime }$	even	even	even
$2n+1$	$a_{\nu }^{2m+1}\left(k^2\right)$	${\mathrm{𝑠𝐸}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)$	$\mathrm{sn}P({\mathrm{sn}}^2)$	$4K$	$2\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime }$	odd	even	even
$2n+1$	$b_{\nu }^{2m+1}\left(k^2\right)$	${\mathrm{𝑐𝐸}}_{\nu }^m(z,k^2)$	$\mathrm{cn}P({\mathrm{sn}}^2)$	$4K$	$4\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime }$	even	odd	even
…

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29: 22.13 Derivatives and Differential Equations

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22.13.2 $${\left(\frac{d}{dz}\mathrm{cn}(z,k)\right)}^2=\left(1-{\mathrm{cn}}^2(z,k)\right)\left(k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2+k^2{\mathrm{cn}}^2(z,k)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{cn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.13.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.13(ii), §22.13 and Ch.22

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22.13.3 $${\left(\frac{d}{dz}\mathrm{dn}(z,k)\right)}^2=\left(1-{\mathrm{dn}}^2(z,k)\right)\left({\mathrm{dn}}^2(z,k)-k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{dn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.13.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.13(ii), §22.13 and Ch.22

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22.13.5 $${\left(\frac{d}{dz}\mathrm{sd}(z,k)\right)}^2=\left(1-k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2{\mathrm{sd}}^2(z,k)\right)\left(1+k^2{\mathrm{sd}}^2(z,k)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{sd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.13.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.13(ii), §22.13 and Ch.22

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22.13.6 $${\left(\frac{d}{dz}\mathrm{nd}(z,k)\right)}^2=\left({\mathrm{nd}}^2(z,k)-1\right)\left(1-k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2{\mathrm{nd}}^2(z,k)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{nd}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.13.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.13(ii), §22.13 and Ch.22

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22.13.8 $${\left(\frac{d}{dz}\mathrm{nc}(z,k)\right)}^2=\left(k^2+k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2{\mathrm{nc}}^2(z,k)\right)\left({\mathrm{nc}}^2(z,k)-1\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{nc}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.13.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.13(ii), §22.13 and Ch.22

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30: 6.1 Special Notation

… ►The main functions treated in this chapter are the exponential integrals $\mathrm{Ei}\left(x\right)$, $E_1\left(z\right)$, and $\mathrm{Ein}\left(z\right)$; the logarithmic integral $\mathrm{li}\left(x\right)$; the sine integrals $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$ and $\mathrm{si}\left(z\right)$; the cosine integrals $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$ and $\mathrm{Cin}\left(z\right)$. …