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21: 16.4 Argument Unity

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16.4.2_5

{{}_{3}F_{2}}\left({-n,a,1\atop-n,c};1\right)=\sum_{k=0}^{n}\frac{{\left(a% \right)_{k}}}{{\left(c\right)_{k}}}=\frac{c-1}{c-a-1}\left(1-\frac{{\left(a% \right)_{n+1}}}{{\left(c-1\right)_{n+1}}}\right),

ⓘ

Symbols:: ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, ${\left(\NVar{a}\right)_{\NVar{n}}}$ : Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial) and $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters
Source:: Lerch (1905, (3))
Referenced by:: §16.4(ii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.4.E2_5
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
Addition (effective with 1.1.0):: This equation was added.
See also:: Annotations for §16.4(ii), §16.4(ii), §16.4 and Ch.16

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16.4.3

{{}_{3}F_{2}}\left({-n,a,b\atop c,d};1\right)=\frac{{\left(c-a\right)_{n}}{% \left(c-b\right)_{n}}}{{\left(c\right)_{n}}{\left(c-a-b\right)_{n}}},

ⓘ

Symbols:: ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, ${\left(\NVar{a}\right)_{\NVar{n}}}$ : Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Referenced by:: §18.17(vii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.4.E3
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.4(ii), §16.4(ii), §16.4 and Ch.16

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16.4.5

{{}_{3}F_{2}}\left({-n,b,c\atop 1-b-n,1-c-n};1\right)=\begin{cases}0,&n=2k+1,% \\ \dfrac{(2k)!\Gamma\left(b+k\right)\Gamma\left(c+k\right)\Gamma\left(b+c+2k% \right)}{k!\Gamma\left(b+2k\right)\Gamma\left(c+2k\right)\Gamma\left(b+c+k% \right)},&n=2k,\\ \end{cases}

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $!$ : factorial (as in $n!$ ) and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.4.E5
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.4(ii), §16.4(ii), §16.4 and Ch.16

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16.4.7

{{}_{3}F_{2}}\left({a,1-a,c\atop d,2c-d+1};1\right)=\frac{\pi\Gamma\left(d% \right)\Gamma\left(2c-d+1\right)2^{1-2c}}{\Gamma\left(c+\frac{1}{2}(a-d+1)% \right)\Gamma\left(c+1-\frac{1}{2}(a+d)\right)\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}(a+d)% \right)\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}(d-a+1)\right)},

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\pi$ : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter and $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters
Referenced by:: §16.4(ii), §17.7(iii), Erratum (V1.1.11) for Subsection 17.7(iii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.4.E7
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.4(ii), §16.4(ii), §16.4 and Ch.16

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16.4.8

{{}_{3}F_{2}}\left({-n,a,1-a\atop d,1-d-2n};1\right)=\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}(% a+d)\right)_{n}}{\left(\frac{1}{2}(d-a+1)\right)_{n}}}{{\left(\frac{1}{2}d% \right)_{n}}{\left(\frac{1}{2}(d+1)\right)_{n}}},

n=0,1,\dots

ⓘ

Symbols:: ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, ${\left(\NVar{a}\right)_{\NVar{n}}}$ : Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial) and $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.4.E8
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.4(ii), §16.4(ii), §16.4 and Ch.16

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22: 16.8 Differential Equations

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16.8.7

\widetilde{w}_{j}(z)=(-z)^{-a_{j}}{{}_{q+1}F_{q}}\left({a_{j},1-b_{1}+a_{j},% \dots,1-b_{q}+a_{j}\atop 1-a_{1}+a_{j},\ldots*\dots,1-a_{q+1}+a_{j}};\frac{1}{% z}\right),

j=1,\dots,q+1

ⓘ

Symbols:: ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters, $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters and $w$ : solution
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.8.E7
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.8(ii), §16.8 and Ch.16

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16.8.8

{{}_{q+1}F_{q}}\left({a_{1},\dots,a_{q+1}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};z\right)=% \sum_{j=1}^{q+1}\left({\textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{\begin{subarray}{c}k=1\\ k\neq j\end{subarray}}^{q+1}\frac{\Gamma\left(a_{k}-a_{j}\right)}{\Gamma\left(% a_{k}\right)}}{\prod\limits_{k=1}^{q}\frac{\Gamma\left(b_{k}-a_{j}\right)}{% \Gamma\left(b_{k}\right)}}}\right)\widetilde{w}_{j}(z),

|\operatorname{ph}\left(-z\right)|\leq\pi

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\pi$ : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\operatorname{ph}$ : phase, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters, $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters and $w$ : solution
Referenced by:: §16.11(ii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.8.E8
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.8(ii), §16.8 and Ch.16

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16.8.9

\left({\textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{k=1}^{q+1}\Gamma\left(a_{k}\right)}{% \prod\limits_{k=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{k}\right)}}\right){{}_{q+1}F_{q}}\left({a% _{1},\dots,a_{q+1}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};z\right)=\sum_{j=1}^{q+1}\left(z_{0% }-z\right)^{-a_{j}}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{\Gamma\left(a_{j}+n\right)}{n!}\*% \left({\textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{\begin{subarray}{c}k=1\\ k\neq j\end{subarray}}^{q+1}\Gamma\left(a_{k}-a_{j}-n\right)}{\prod\limits_{k=% 1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{k}-a_{j}-n\right)}}\right)\*{{}_{q+1}F_{q}}\left({a_{1}-a% _{j}-n,\dots,a_{q+1}-a_{j}-n\atop b_{1}-a_{j}-n,\dots,b_{q}-a_{j}-n};z_{0}% \right)\left(z-z_{0}\right)^{-n}.

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $!$ : factorial (as in $n!$ ), $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Referenced by:: §16.8(ii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.8.E9
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.8(ii), §16.8 and Ch.16

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16.8.10

\lim_{|\alpha|\to\infty}{{}_{p+1}F_{q}}\left({a_{1},\dots,a_{p},\alpha\atop b_% {1},\dots,b_{q}};\frac{z}{\alpha}\right)={{}_{p}F_{q}}\left({a_{1},\dots,a_{p}% \atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};z\right).

ⓘ

Symbols:: ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $p$ : nonnegative integer, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.8.E10
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.8(iii), §16.8 and Ch.16

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16.8.11

\lim_{|\beta|\to\infty}{{}_{p}F_{q+1}}\left({a_{1},\dots,a_{p}\atop b_{1},% \dots,b_{q},\beta};\beta z\right)={{}_{p}F_{q}}\left({a_{1},\dots,a_{p}\atop b% _{1},\dots,b_{q}};z\right),

ⓘ

Symbols:: ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $p$ : nonnegative integer, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.8.E11
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.8(iii), §16.8 and Ch.16

…

23: 16.11 Asymptotic Expansions

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16.11.6

\left({\textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{\ell=1}^{q+1}\Gamma\left(a_{\ell}\right)% }{\prod\limits_{\ell=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{\ell}\right)}}\right){{}_{q+1}F_{q}}% \left({a_{1},\dots,a_{q+1}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};z\right)=H_{q+1,q}(-z),

|\operatorname{ph}\left(-z\right)|\leq\pi

;

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\pi$ : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\operatorname{ph}$ : phase, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters, $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters and $H_{p,q}(z)$ : formal infinite series
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.11.E6
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.11(ii), §16.11(ii), §16.11 and Ch.16

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16.11.7

\left({\textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{\ell=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(a_{\ell}\right)}{% \prod\limits_{\ell=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{\ell}\right)}}\right){{}_{q}F_{q}}% \left({a_{1},\dots,a_{q}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};z\right)\sim H_{q,q}(z{% \mathrm{e}}^{\mp\pi\mathrm{i}})+E_{q,q}(z).

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\sim$ : Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$ : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$ : base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$ : imaginary unit, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters, $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters, $E_{p,q}(z)$ : formal infinite series and $H_{p,q}(z)$ : formal infinite series
Referenced by:: §16.11(ii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.11.E7
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.11(ii), §16.11(ii), §16.11 and Ch.16

… ►

16.11.8

\left({\textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{\ell=1}^{q-1}\Gamma\left(a_{\ell}\right)% }{\prod\limits_{\ell=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{\ell}\right)}}\right){{}_{q-1}F_{q}}% \left({a_{1},\dots,a_{q-1}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};-z\right)\sim H_{q-1,q}(z)+% E_{q-1,q}(ze^{-\pi\mathrm{i}})+E_{q-1,q}(ze^{\pi\mathrm{i}}),

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\sim$ : Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$ : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{i}$ : imaginary unit, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters, $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters, $E_{p,q}(z)$ : formal infinite series, $H_{p,q}(z)$ : formal infinite series and $e_{k,m}$
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.11.E8
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.11(ii), §16.11(ii), §16.11 and Ch.16

… ►

16.11.9

\left({\textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{\ell=1}^{p}\Gamma\left(a_{\ell}\right)}{% \prod\limits_{\ell=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{\ell}\right)}}\right){{}_{p}F_{q}}% \left({a_{1},\dots,a_{p}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};-z\right)\sim E_{p,q}(ze^{-% \pi\mathrm{i}})+E_{p,q}(ze^{\pi\mathrm{i}}),

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\sim$ : Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$ : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{i}$ : imaginary unit, $p$ : nonnegative integer, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters, $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters, $E_{p,q}(z)$ : formal infinite series and $e_{k,m}$
Referenced by:: §16.11(ii)
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.11.E9
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.11(ii), §16.11(ii), §16.11 and Ch.16

… ►

16.11.11

{{}_{p}F_{q}}\left({a_{1}+r,\dots,a_{p}+r\atop b_{1}+r,\dots,b_{q}+r};z\right)% =\sum_{n=0}^{m-1}\frac{{\left(a_{1}+r\right)_{n}}\cdots{\left(a_{p}+r\right)_{% n}}}{{\left(b_{1}+r\right)_{n}}\cdots{\left(b_{q}+r\right)_{n}}}\frac{z^{n}}{n% !}+O\left(\frac{1}{r^{(q-p)m}}\right),

ⓘ

Symbols:: $O\left(\NVar{x}\right)$ : order not exceeding, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, ${\left(\NVar{a}\right)_{\NVar{n}}}$ : Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $!$ : factorial (as in $n!$ ), $p$ : nonnegative integer, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters, $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters and $r$ : large parameter
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.11.E11
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.11(iii), §16.11 and Ch.16

…

24: 10.1 Special Notation

… ►A common alternative notation for

Y_{\nu}\left(z\right)

N_{\nu}(z)

. …

25: 8.1 Special Notation

… ►Alternative notations include: Prym’s functions

P_{z}(a)=\gamma\left(a,z\right)

Q_{z}(a)=\Gamma\left(a,z\right)

, Nielsen (1906a, pp. 25–26), Batchelder (1967, p. 63);

(a,z)!=\gamma\left(a+1,z\right)

[a,z]!=\Gamma\left(a+1,z\right)

, Dingle (1973);

B(a,b,x)=\mathrm{B}_{x}\left(a,b\right)

I(a,b,x)=I_{x}\left(a,b\right)

, Magnus et al. (1966);

\operatorname{Si}\left(a,x\right)\to\operatorname{Si}\left(1-a,x\right)

\operatorname{Ci}\left(a,x\right)\to\operatorname{Ci}\left(1-a,x\right)

, Luke (1975).

26: 16.1 Special Notation

… ►Alternative notations are

{{}_{p}F_{q}}\left({\mathbf{a}\atop\mathbf{b}};z\right)

{{}_{p}F_{q}}\left(a_{1},\dots,a_{p};b_{1},\dots,b_{q};z\right)

, and

{{}_{p}F_{q}}\left(\mathbf{a};\mathbf{b};z\right)

for the generalized hypergeometric function,

F_{1}(\alpha,\beta,\beta^{\prime};\gamma;x,y)

F_{2}(\alpha,\beta,\beta^{\prime};\gamma,\gamma^{\prime};x,y)

F_{3}(\alpha,\alpha^{\prime},\beta,\beta^{\prime};\gamma;x,y)

F_{4}(\alpha,\beta;\gamma,\gamma^{\prime};x,y)

, for the Appell functions, and

{G^{m,n}_{p,q}}\left(z;\mathbf{a};\mathbf{b}\right)

for the Meijer

G

-function.

27: 16.5 Integral Representations and Integrals

… ►

16.5.1

\left({\textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{k=1}^{p}\Gamma\left(a_{k}\right)}{\prod% \limits_{k=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{k}\right)}}\right){{}_{p}F_{q}}\left({a_{1},% \dots,a_{p}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};z\right)=\frac{1}{2\pi\mathrm{i}}\int_{L}% \left({\textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{k=1}^{p}\Gamma\left(a_{k}+s\right)}{% \prod\limits_{k=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{k}+s\right)}}\right)\Gamma\left(-s\right)% (-z)^{s}\,\mathrm{d}s,

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\pi$ : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\,\mathrm{d}\NVar{x}$ : differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{i}$ : imaginary unit, $\int$ : integral, $p$ : nonnegative integer, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Referenced by:: §13.6(vi), §16.11(i), §16.5, §16.5
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.5.E1
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.5 and Ch.16

… ►

16.5.2

{{}_{p+1}F_{q+1}}\left({a_{0},\dots,a_{p}\atop b_{0},\dots,b_{q}};z\right)=% \frac{\Gamma\left(b_{0}\right)}{\Gamma\left(a_{0}\right)\Gamma\left(b_{0}-a_{0% }\right)}\int_{0}^{1}t^{a_{0}-1}(1-t)^{b_{0}-a_{0}-1}{{}_{p}F_{q}}\left({a_{1}% ,\dots,a_{p}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};zt\right)\,\mathrm{d}t,

\Re b_{0}>\Re a_{0}>0

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\,\mathrm{d}\NVar{x}$ : differential of $x$ , $\int$ : integral, $\Re$ : real part, $p$ : nonnegative integer, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Keywords:: Mellin transform
Referenced by:: §16.5, §16.5
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.5.E2
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.5 and Ch.16

►

16.5.3

{{}_{p+1}F_{q}}\left({a_{0},\dots,a_{p}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};z\right)=\frac% {1}{\Gamma\left(a_{0}\right)}\int_{0}^{\infty}{\mathrm{e}}^{-t}t^{a_{0}-1}{{}_% {p}F_{q}}\left({a_{1},\dots,a_{p}\atop b_{1},\cdots,b_{q}};zt\right)\,\mathrm{% d}t,

\Re z<1

\Re a_{0}>0

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\,\mathrm{d}\NVar{x}$ : differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$ : base of natural logarithm, $\int$ : integral, $\Re$ : real part, $p$ : nonnegative integer, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Keywords:: Laplace transform, Mellin transform
Referenced by:: §16.5
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.5.E3
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.5 and Ch.16

►

16.5.4

{{}_{p}F_{q+1}}\left({a_{1},\dots,a_{p}\atop b_{0},\dots,b_{q}};z\right)=\frac% {\Gamma\left(b_{0}\right)}{2\pi\mathrm{i}}\int_{c-\mathrm{i}\infty}^{c+\mathrm% {i}\infty}{\mathrm{e}}^{t}t^{-b_{0}}{{}_{p}F_{q}}\left({a_{1},\dots,a_{p}\atop b% _{1},\dots,b_{q}};\frac{z}{t}\right)\,\mathrm{d}t,

c>0

\Re b_{0}>0

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, $\pi$ : the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\,\mathrm{d}\NVar{x}$ : differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$ : base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$ : imaginary unit, $\int$ : integral, $\Re$ : real part, $p$ : nonnegative integer, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Keywords:: Mellin transform
Referenced by:: §16.5, §16.5
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.5.E4
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.5 and Ch.16

…

28: 16.18 Special Cases

… ►

16.18.1

{{}_{p}F_{q}}\left({a_{1},\dots,a_{p}\atop b_{1},\dots,b_{q}};z\right)=\left({% \textstyle\ifrac{\prod\limits_{k=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{k}\right)}{\prod\limits_% {k=1}^{p}\Gamma\left(a_{k}\right)}}\right){G^{1,p}_{p,q+1}}\left(-z;{1-a_{1},% \dots,1-a_{p}\atop 0,1-b_{1},\dots,1-b_{q}}\right)=\left({\textstyle\ifrac{% \prod\limits_{k=1}^{q}\Gamma\left(b_{k}\right)}{\prod\limits_{k=1}^{p}\Gamma% \left(a_{k}\right)}}\right){G^{p,1}_{q+1,p}}\left(-\frac{1}{z};{1,b_{1},\dots,% b_{q}\atop a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\right).

ⓘ

Symbols:: $\Gamma\left(\NVar{z}\right)$ : gamma function, ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function, ${G^{\NVar{m},\NVar{n}}_{\NVar{p},\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{z};{\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a% _{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_{q}}}\right)$ or ${G^{\NVar{m},\NVar{n}}_{\NVar{p},\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{z};\NVar{\mathbf{a}};% \NVar{\mathbf{b}}\right)$ : Meijer $G$ -function, $p$ : nonnegative integer, $q$ : nonnegative integer, $z$ : complex variable, $a,a_{1},\ldots,a_{p}$ : real or complex parameters and $b,b_{1},\ldots,b_{q}$ : real or complex parameters
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.18.E1
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.18 and Ch.16

…

29: 16.23 Mathematical Applications

… ►

16.23.1

{{}_{3}F_{2}}\left({-n,n+\alpha+2,\frac{1}{2}(\alpha+1)\atop\alpha+1,\frac{1}{% 2}(\alpha+3)};x\right)>0,

ⓘ

Symbols:: ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}};\NVar{b_{1},\dots,b_% {q}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{a_{1},\dots,a_{p}}\atop\NVar{b_{1},% \dots,b_{q}}};\NVar{z}\right)$ : alternatively ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left(\NVar{\mathbf{a}};\NVar{\mathbf{b}};\NVar{z}\right)$ or ${{}_{\NVar{p}}F_{\NVar{q}}}\left({\NVar{\mathbf{a}}\atop\NVar{\mathbf{b}}};% \NVar{z}\right)$
generalized hypergeometric function
Permalink:: http://dlmf.nist.gov/16.23.E1
Encodings:: pMML, png, TeX
See also:: Annotations for §16.23(iii), §16.23 and Ch.16

…

30: 17.1 Special Notation

… ►Fine (1988) uses

F(a,b;t:q)

for a particular specialization of a

{{}_{2}\phi_{1}}

function.