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11: 36.7 Zeros

… ►The zeros are approximated by solutions of the equation …The rings are almost circular (radii close to $(\Delta x)/9$ and varying by less than 1%), and almost flat (deviating from the planes $z_n$ by at most $(\Delta z)/36$). …

12: Guide to Searching the DLMF

… ►From there you can also access an advanced search page where you can control certain settings, narrowing the search to certain chapters, or restricting the results to equations, graphs, tables, or bibliographic items. … ►Therefore, if your query is Ai^2+Bi^2, the system modifies the query so it will find the equations containing the latter expressions. … ►

Table 3: A sample of recognized symbols

► ►►►

Symbols	Comments
…
~~	For approximation $\approx$.
…

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… ►To find more effectively the information you need, especially equations, you may at times wish to specify what you want with descriptive words that characterize the contents but do not occur literally. For example, you may want equations that contain trigonometric functions, but you don’t care which trigonometric function. …

13: 18.40 Methods of Computation

… ►Usually, however, other methods are more efficient, especially the numerical solution of difference equations (§3.6) and the application of uniform asymptotic expansions (when available) for OP’s of large degree. … … ►There are many ways to implement these first two steps, noting that the expressions for ${\alpha }_n$ and ${\beta }_n$ of equation (18.2.30) are of little practical numerical value, see Gautschi (2004) and Golub and Meurant (2010). … ►Gautschi (2004, p. 119–120) has explored the $\epsilon \to 0^{+}$ limit via the Wynn $\epsilon$-algorithm, (3.9.11) to accelerate convergence, finding four to eight digits of precision in $w(x)$, depending smoothly on $x^{\prime }$, for $N\approx 4000$, for an example involving first numerator Legendre OP’s. … ►Equation (18.40.7) provides step-histogram approximations to ${\int }_a^{x}d\mu (x)$, as shown in Figure 18.40.1 for $N=12$ and $120$, shown here for the repulsive Coulomb–Pollaczek OP’s of Figure 18.39.2, with the parameters as listed therein. …

14: Preface

… ►All of the mathematical information contained in the Handbook is also contained in the DLMF, along with additional features such as more graphics, expanded tables, and higher members of some families of formulas; in consequence, in the Handbook there are occasional gaps in the numbering sequences of equations, tables, and figures. … ►Notwithstanding the great care that has been exercised by the editors, authors, validators, and the NIST staff, it is almost inevitable that in a work of the magnitude and scope of the NIST Handbook and DLMF errors will still be present. …

15: 33.22 Particle Scattering and Atomic and Molecular Spectra

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§33.22(i) Schrödinger Equation

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§33.22(iv) Klein–Gordon and Dirac Equations

… ►The Coulomb solutions of the Schrödinger and Klein–Gordon equations are almost always used in the external region, outside the range of any non-Coulomb forces or couplings. … ►

§33.22(vi) Solutions Inside the Turning Point

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Solution of relativistic Coulomb equations. See for example Cooper et al. (1979) and Barnett (1981b).

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16: Bibliography D

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Unification of one-dimensional Fokker-Planck equations beyond hypergeometrics: Factorizer solution method and eigenvalue schemes. Phys. Rev. E (3) 57 (1), pp. 252–275.

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External Links:

ISSN 1063-651X, Document, MathReview (Victor I. Stepanov), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§31.17(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Formes canoniques des équations confluentes de l’équation de Heun. Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles Sér. I 92 (1-2), pp. 53–78.

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External Links:

MathReview (A. E. Danese), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§31.12.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Sur les équations confluentes de l’équation de Heun. Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles Sér. I 92 (3), pp. 151–189.

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External Links:

ISSN 0037-959X, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§31.12.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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The KP equation with quasiperiodic initial data. Phys. D 123 (1-4), pp. 123–152.

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Notes:

Nonlinear waves and solitons in physical systems (Los Alamos, NM, 1997)

External Links:

ISSN 0167-2789, Document, MathReview (Pavel Krejčí), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§21.9.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Asymptotic solutions of second-order linear differential equations having almost coalescent turning points, with an application to the incomplete gamma function. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 452, pp. 1331–1349.

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External Links:

ISSN 0962-8444, FullText, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.8(vi), §8.12, §8.12.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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17: Bibliography

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Asymptotics of solutions of the generalized sine-Gordon equation, the third Painlevé equation and the d’Alembert equation. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 280 (2), pp. 265–268 (Russian).

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Notes:

English translation: Soviet Math. Dokl. 31(1985), no. 1, pp. 45–47

External Links:

ISSN 0002-3264, MathReview (M. S. Agranovich), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.11(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Nonlinear chains and Painlevé equations. Phys. D 73 (4), pp. 335–351.

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External Links:

ISSN 0167-2789, Document, MathReview (F. Pempinelli), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.2(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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The Whittaker-Hill equation and the wave equation in paraboloidal co-ordinates. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A 67, pp. 265–276.

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External Links:

MathReview (H. Hochstadt), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§28.31(i), §28.31(ii), §28.31(ii), §28.32(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Computer Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations and Differential-Algebraic Equations. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, PA.

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External Links:

ISBN 0-89871-412-5, MathReview (Michael Hanke), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§3.7(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Singular Continuous Spectrum for a Class of Almost Periodic Jacobi Matrices. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 6 (1), pp. 81–85.

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External Links:

MathReview Entry

Referenced by:

§1.18(vii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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18: 2.11 Remainder Terms; Stokes Phenomenon

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§2.11(v) Exponentially-Improved Expansions (continued)

… ►For illustration, we give re-expansions of the remainder terms in the expansions (2.7.8) arising in differential-equation theory. … ►For higher-order differential equations, see Olde Daalhuis (1998a, b). … ►For nonlinear differential equations see Olde Daalhuis (2005a, b). … ►shows that this direct estimate is correct to almost 3D. …

19: 14.2 Differential Equations

§14.2 Differential Equations

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§14.2(i) Legendre’s Equation

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§14.2(ii) Associated Legendre Equation

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§14.2(iii) Numerically Satisfactory Solutions

… ►When $\mu -\nu =0,-1,-2,\mathrm{\dots }$, or $\mu +\nu =-1,-2,-3,\mathrm{\dots }$, ${𝖯}_{\nu }^{-\mu }\left(x\right)$ and ${𝖯}_{\nu }^{-\mu }\left(-x\right)$ are linearly dependent, and in these cases either may be paired with almost any linearly independent solution to form a numerically satisfactory pair. …

20: 23.22 Methods of Computation

… ►Then a pair of generators $2{\omega }_1$ and $2{\omega }_3$ can be chosen in an almost canonical way as follows. … ►Suppose that the invariants $g_2=c$, $g_3=d$, are given, for example in the differential equation (23.3.10) or via coefficients of an elliptic curve (§23.20(ii)). … ►

In the general case, given by $cd\ne 0$, we compute the roots $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$, say, of the cubic equation $4t^3-ct-d=0$; see §1.11(iii). These roots are necessarily distinct and represent $e_1$, $e_2$, $e_3$ in some order.

If $c$ and $d$ are real, and the discriminant is positive, that is $c^3-27d^2>0$, then $e_1$, $e_2$, $e_3$ can be identified via (23.5.1), and $k^2$, $k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2$ obtained from (23.6.16).

If , or $c$ and $d$ are not both real, then we label $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ so that the triangle with vertices $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ is positively oriented and $[\alpha ,\gamma ]$ is its longest side (chosen arbitrarily if there is more than one). In particular, if $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ are collinear, then we label them so that $\beta$ is on the line segment $(\alpha ,\gamma )$. In consequence, $k^2=(\beta -\gamma )/(\alpha -\gamma )$, $k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2=(\alpha -\beta )/(\alpha -\gamma )$ satisfy $\mathrm{\Im }{k}^2\ge 0\ge \mathrm{\Im }k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2$ (with strict inequality unless $\alpha$, $\beta$, $\gamma$ are collinear); also $|k^2|$, $|k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2|\le 1$.

Finally, on taking the principal square roots of $k^2$ and $k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2$ we obtain values for $k$ and $k^{\prime }$ that lie in the 1st and 4th quadrants, respectively, and $2{\omega }_1$, $2{\omega }_3$ are given by

23.22.1 $$2{\omega }_{1}M(1,k^{\prime })=-2\mathrm{i}{\omega }_{3}M(1,k)=\frac{\pi }{3}\sqrt{\frac{c(2+k^{2}k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2)(k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2-k^2)}{d(1-k^{2}k_{}^{\prime }{}_{}{}^2)}},$$

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Symbols:

$M(a,g)$: arithmetic-geometric mean, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, ${\omega }_1$, ${\omega }_3$, ${\omega }_2=-{\omega }_1-{\omega }_3$: lattice generators, $k$: modulus and $k^{\prime }$: complementary modulus

Proof sketch:

Combine (23.6.16), (23.6.17), (22.20.6), (23.3.5)–(23.3.7), and use analytical continuation.

Referenced by:

§23.22(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/23.22.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §23.22(ii), §23.22(ii), §23.22 and Ch.23

where $M$ denotes the arithmetic-geometric mean (see §§19.8(i) and 22.20(ii)). This process yields 2 possible pairs ($2{\omega }_1$, $2{\omega }_3$), corresponding to the 2 possible choices of the square root.

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