Mehler–Dirichlet formula

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11: 14.20 Conical (or Mehler) Functions

§14.20 Conical (or Mehler) Functions

… ►Solutions are known as conical or Mehler functions. … ►

14.20.2 $${\widehat{𝖰}}_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{-\mu }\left(x\right)=\mathrm{\Re }\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\mu \pi \mathrm{i}}{𝖰}_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{-\mu }\left(x\right)\right)-\frac{1}{2}\pi \sin \left(\mu \pi \right){𝖯}_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{-\mu }\left(x\right).$$

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Defines:

${\widehat{𝖰}}_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{-\mu }\left(x\right)$: conical function

Symbols:

: Ferrers function of the first kind, : Ferrers function of the second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $\sin z$: sine function, $x$: real variable, $\tau$: real variable and $\mu$: general order

Referenced by:

§14.20(i), §14.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.20.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.20(i), §14.20 and Ch.14

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14.20.6 $$P_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{-\mu }\left(x\right)=\frac{\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mu \pi \mathrm{i}}}{\sinh \left(\tau \pi \right){\left|\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mu +\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau \right)\right|}^2}\left(Q_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{\mu }\left(x\right)-Q_{-\frac{1}{2}-\mathrm{i}\tau }^{\mu }\left(x\right)\right),$$ $\tau \ne 0$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $P_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the first kind, $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $x$: real variable, $\tau$: real variable and $\mu$: general order

Referenced by:

§14.20(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.20.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.20(i), §14.20 and Ch.14

… ►

§14.20(vi) Generalized Mehler–Fock Transformation

…

12: 27.11 Asymptotic Formulas: Partial Sums

§27.11 Asymptotic Formulas: Partial Sums

… ►It is more fruitful to study partial sums and seek asymptotic formulas of the form …For example, Dirichlet (1849) proves that for all $x\ge 1$, … ►Equations (27.11.3)–(27.11.11) list further asymptotic formulas related to some of the functions listed in §27.2. …where $\left(h,k\right)=1$, $k>0$. …

13: 18.18 Sums

… ►

§18.18(v) Linearization Formulas

… ►Formula (18.18.27) is known as the Hille–Hardy formula. ►

Hermite

… ►Formula (18.18.28) is known as the Mehler formula. …

14: 14.1 Special Notation

… ►The main functions treated in this chapter are the Legendre functions ${𝖯}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$, ${𝖰}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$, $P_{\nu }\left(z\right)$, $Q_{\nu }\left(z\right)$; Ferrers functions ${𝖯}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\right)$, ${𝖰}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\right)$ (also known as the Legendre functions on the cut); associated Legendre functions $P_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$, $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$, ${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$; conical functions ${𝖯}_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{\mu }\left(x\right)$, ${𝖰}_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{\mu }\left(x\right)$, ${\widehat{𝖰}}_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{\mu }\left(x\right)$, $P_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{\mu }\left(x\right)$, $Q_{-\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}\tau }^{\mu }\left(x\right)$ (also known as Mehler functions). …

15: 25.2 Definition and Expansions

… ►For further expansions of functions similar to (25.2.1) (Dirichlet series) see §27.4. … ►

§25.2(iii) Representations by the Euler–Maclaurin Formula

►

25.2.8 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\sum _{k=1}^N\frac{1}{k^s}+\frac{N^{1-s}}{s-1}-s{\int }_N^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{x-\lfloor x\rfloor }{x^{s+1}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>0$, $N=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\lfloor x\rfloor$: floor of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Source:

Apostol (1976, (25), p. 269)

Proof sketch:

Derivable from Apostol (1976, Theorem 12.21, p. 269) by setting $a=1$ and $N\mapsto N-1$.

A&S Ref:

23.2.9

Referenced by:

(25.2.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.2(iii), §25.2 and Ch.25

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25.2.9 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\sum _{k=1}^N\frac{1}{k^s}+\frac{N^{1-s}}{s-1}-\frac{1}{2}{N}^{-s}+\sum _{k=1}^n\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2k-2}{2k-1}\right)\frac{B_{2k}}{2k}{N}^{1-s-2k}-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2n}{2n+1}\right){\int }_N^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_{2n+1}\left(x\right)}{x^{s+2n+1}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>-2n$; $n,N=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Proof sketch:

Derivable from (25.2.8) by repeated integration by parts.

Referenced by:

§25.18(i), (25.2.10)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.2(iii), §25.2 and Ch.25

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25.2.10 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\frac{1}{s-1}+\frac{1}{2}+\sum _{k=1}^n\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2k-2}{2k-1}\right)\frac{B_{2k}}{2k}-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2n}{2n+1}\right){\int }_1^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_{2n+1}\left(x\right)}{x^{s+2n+1}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>-2n$, $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula

Proof sketch:

Derivable from (25.2.9) with $N=1$.

A&S Ref:

23.2.3

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.2(iii), §25.2 and Ch.25

…

16: 27.10 Periodic Number-Theoretic Functions

… ►Examples are the Dirichlet characters (mod $k$) and the greatest common divisor $\left(n,k\right)$ regarded as a function of $n$. … ►Another generalization of Ramanujan’s sum is the Gauss sum $G(n,\chi )$ associated with a Dirichlet character $\chi (modk)$. It is defined by the relation … ►For any Dirichlet character $\chi (modk)$, $G(n,\chi )$ is separable for $n$ if $\left(n,k\right)=1$, and is separable for every $n$ if and only if $G(n,\chi )=0$ whenever $\left(n,k\right)>1$. … ►The finite Fourier expansion of a primitive Dirichlet character $\chi (modk)$ has the form …

17: 14.34 Software

… ►

§14.34(iv) Conical (Mehler) and/or Toroidal Functions

…

18: Bibliography J

… ►

Tables of Functions with Formulae and Curves. 4th edition, Dover Publications, New York.

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Notes:

Contains corrections and enlargements of earlier editions. Originally published by B. G. Teubner, Leipzig, in 1933. In German and English.

External Links:

MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

2nd item, §20.15, §5.1, Notations P, E. Jahnke, F. Emde, and F. Lösch (1966).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Asymptotic formulas for the zeros of the Meixner polynomials. J. Approx. Theory 96 (2), pp. 281–300.

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External Links:

ISSN 0021-9045, Document, MathReview (N. Hayek Calil), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.24.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Efficient implementation of the Hardy-Ramanujan-Rademacher formula. LMS J. Comput. Math. 15, pp. 341–359.

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External Links:

ISSN 1461-1570, Document, Link, MathReview (Tim Huber), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§27.20.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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The Dirichlet boundary value problem for real solutions of the first Painlevé equation on segments in non-positive semi-axis. J. Reine Angew. Math. 583, pp. 29–86.

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External Links:

ISSN 0075-4102, Document, MathReview (Mehmet Can), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.11(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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19: 18.7 Interrelations and Limit Relations

… ► See §18.11(ii) for limit formulas of Mehler–Heine type.

20: Bibliography D

… ►

Recherches analytiques sur la théorie des nombres premiers. Deuxième partie. Les fonctions de Dirichlet et les nombres premiers de la forme linéaire $Mx+N$ . Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 20, pp. 281–397 (French).

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Notes:

Reprinted in Collected works/Oeuvres scientifiques, Vol. I, pp. 309–425, Académie Royale de Belgique, Brussels, 2000.

External Links:

MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§25.10(i), §27.11, §27.2(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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A simple sum formula for Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Lett. Math. Phys. 5 (3), pp. 207–211.

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External Links:

ISSN 0377-9017, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§14.17(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Beweis des Satzes, dass jede unbegrenzte arithmetische Progression, deren erstes Glied und Differenz ganze Zahlen ohne gemeinschaftlichen Factor sind, unendlich viele Primzahlen enthält. Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften von 1837, pp. 45–81 (German).

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Notes:

Reprinted in G. Lejeune Dirichlet’s Werke, Band I, pp. 313–342, Reimer, Berlin, 1889 and with corrections in G. Lejeune Dirichlet’s Werke, AMS Chelsea Publishing Series, Providence, RI, 1969.

External Links:

ISBN 0-8284-0225-6, Link, MathReview

Referenced by:

§25.15(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Über die Bestimmung der mittleren Werthe in der Zahlentheorie. Abhandlungen der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften von 1849, pp. 69–83 (German).

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Notes:

Reprinted in G. Lejeune Dirichlet’s Werke, Band II, pp. 49–66, Reimer, Berlin, 1897 and with corrections in G. Lejeune Dirichlet’s Werke, AMS Chelsea Publishing Series, Providence, RI, 1969.

External Links:

ISBN 0-8284-0225-6, Link, MathReview

Referenced by:

§27.11.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Product formulas and Nicholson-type integrals for Jacobi functions. I. Summary of results. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 9 (1), pp. 76–86.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (R. C. Varma), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.17(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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