Liouville%E2%80%93Green approximation theorem

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1: 1.13 Differential Equations

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Liouville Transformation

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§1.13(viii) Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions: Sturm-Liouville and Liouville forms

… ►This is the Sturm-Liouville form of a second order differential equation, where ^′ denotes $\frac{d}{dx}$. … ►A regular Sturm-Liouville system will only have solutions for certain (real) values of $\lambda$, these are eigenvalues. … ►

Transformation to Liouville normal Form

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2: 27.2 Functions

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§27.2(i) Definitions

… ►(See Gauss (1863, Band II, pp. 437–477) and Legendre (1808, p. 394).) ►This result, first proved in Hadamard (1896) and de la Vallée Poussin (1896a, b), is known as the prime number theorem. … ►If $\left(a,n\right)=1$, then the Euler–Fermat theorem states that … ►This is Liouville’s function. …

3: Bibliography D

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Irreducibility of certain generalized Bernoulli polynomials belonging to quadratic residue class characters. J. Number Theory 25 (1), pp. 72–80.

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External Links:

ISSN 0022-314X, Document, MathReview (T. Metsänkylä)

Referenced by:

§24.12(iii).

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Theta functions and non-linear equations. Uspekhi Mat. Nauk 36 (2(218)), pp. 11–80 (Russian).

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Notes:

With an appendix by I. M. Krichever. In Russian. English translation: Russian Math. Surveys 36(1981), no. 2, pp. 11–92 (1982)

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ISSN 0042-1316, Document, MathReview (Alexander A. Pankov), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§21.1, §21.6(ii), §21.7(i), Figure 21.9.2, Figure 21.9.2, §21.9, §21.9, Sidebar 21.SB2, Ch.21, Notations T.

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Convergent Liouville-Green expansions for second-order linear differential equations, with an application to Bessel functions. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 440, pp. 37–54.

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ISSN 0962-8444, FullText, MathReview (W. Balser), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.41(iii), §2.8(i).

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Error analysis in a uniform asymptotic expansion for the generalised exponential integral. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 80 (1), pp. 127–161.

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ISSN 0377-0427, Document, MathReview (Eberhard Wagner), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.11(iii), §8.20(ii).

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Uniform asymptotic expansions for Charlier polynomials. J. Approx. Theory 112 (1), pp. 93–133.

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ISSN 0021-9045, Document, MathReview (Eberhard Wagner), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.24.

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4: Bibliography

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Algorithm 511: CDC 6600 subroutines IBESS and JBESS for Bessel functions $I_{\nu }(x)$ and $J_{\nu }(x)$, $x\ge 0$, $\nu \ge 0$ . ACM Trans. Math. Software 3 (1), pp. 93–95.

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Notes:

Single-precision Fortran, maximum accuracy 16S.

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ISSN 0098-3500, Document, Companion paper. Erratum. GAMS (module 511; package TOMS)

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1st item, 1st item.

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Algorithm 683: A portable FORTRAN subroutine for exponential integrals of a complex argument. ACM Trans. Math. Software 16 (2), pp. 178–182.

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Notes:

Double- and single-precision Fortran, maximum accuracy 18S or 14S.

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ISSN 0098-3500, Document, GAMS (module 683; package TOMS), MathReview, ZentralBlatt

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1st item, 1st item.

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Sturm-Liouville Theory. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.

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Notes:

Past and present, Including papers from the International Colloquium held at the University of Geneva, Geneva, September 15–19, 2003

External Links:

ISBN 978-3-7643-7066-4; 3-7643-7066-1, Document, Link, MathReview (Anton Zettl)

Referenced by:

§1.13(viii), §1.18(x).

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Quadratic differentials and asymptotics of Laguerre polynomials with varying complex parameters. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 416 (1), pp. 52–80.

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ISSN 0022-247X, Document, Link, MathReview (Vivek Sahai), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§18.15(vi), §18.15(vi).

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Multichannel Rydberg spectroscopy of complex atoms. Reviews of Modern Physics 68, pp. 1015–1123.

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Document

Referenced by:

§33.22(ii).

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5: 2.7 Differential Equations

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§2.7(iii) Liouville–Green (WKBJ) Approximation

►For irregular singularities of nonclassifiable rank, a powerful tool for finding the asymptotic behavior of solutions, complete with error bounds, is as follows: ►

Liouville–Green Approximation Theorem

… ►By approximating … ►The first of these references includes extensions to complex variables and reversions for zeros. …

6: Bibliography T

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LSFBTR: A subroutine for calculating spherical Bessel transforms. Comput. Phys. Comm. 30 (1), pp. 93–99.

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Notes:

Single-precision Fortran.

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ISSN 0010-4655, Document, Code

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9th item.

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Error bounds for the Liouville-Green approximation to initial-value problems. Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 58 (12), pp. 529–537.

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ISSN 0044-2267, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.7(iii).

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Improved error bounds for the Liouville-Green (or WKB) approximation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 85 (1), pp. 79–89.

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ISSN 0022-247X, Document, MathReview (Klaus Deimling), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.7(iii).

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Uniform asymptotic approximation of Fermi-Dirac integrals. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 31 (3), pp. 383–387.

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ISSN 0377-0427, Document, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§25.12(iii).

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Numerical evaluation of exponential integral: Theis well function approximation. Journal of Hydrology 205 (1-2), pp. 38–51.

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Document

Referenced by:

§6.18(i).

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7: 27.4 Euler Products and Dirichlet Series

… ►The fundamental theorem of arithmetic is linked to analysis through the concept of the Euler product. … ►

27.4.7 $$\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\lambda \left(n\right)n^{-s}=\frac{\zeta \left(2s\right)}{\zeta \left(s\right)},$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>1$,

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Symbols:

$\lambda \left(n\right)$: Liouville’s function, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $n$: positive integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.4.E7

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See also:

Annotations for §27.4 and Ch.27

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8: 2.9 Difference Equations

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§2.9(iii) Other Approximations

►For asymptotic approximations to solutions of second-order difference equations analogous to the Liouville–Green (WKBJ) approximation for differential equations (§2.7(iii)) see Spigler and Vianello (1992, 1997) and Spigler et al. (1999). …

9: Bibliography S

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Sturm oscillation and comparison theorems. In Sturm-Liouville theory, pp. 29–43.

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External Links:

Document, Link, MathReview Entry

Referenced by:

§18.36(vi), §18.39(i).

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Liouville-Green approximations via the Riccati transformation. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 116 (1), pp. 147–165.

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ISSN 0022-247X, Document, MathReview (F. W. J. Olver), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.7(iii).

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Liouville-Green-Olver approximations for complex difference equations. J. Approx. Theory 96 (2), pp. 301–322.

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ISSN 0021-9045, Document, MathReview (Dumitru Acu), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

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Liouville-Green approximations for a class of linear oscillatory difference equations of the second order. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 41 (1-2), pp. 105–116.

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ISSN 0377-0427, Document, MathReview (Wan Biao Ma), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

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A Survey on the Liouville-Green (WKB) Approximation for Linear Difference Equations of the Second Order. In Advances in Difference Equations (Veszprém, 1995), S. Elaydi, I. Győri, and G. Ladas (Eds.), pp. 567–577.

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External Links:

MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

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10: Bibliography E

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Further results on McMahon’s asymptotic approximations. J. Phys. A 33 (36), pp. 6333–6341.

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ISSN 0305-4470, Document, MathReview (R. G. Aĭrapetyan), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.21(vi).

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A catalogue of Sturm-Liouville differential equations. In Sturm-Liouville theory, pp. 271–331.

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External Links:

Document, Link, MathReview Entry

Referenced by:

§1.18(ix), §1.18(x).

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Charles Sturm and the development of Sturm-Liouville theory in the years 1900 to 1950. In Sturm-Liouville theory, pp. 45–74.

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External Links:

Document, Link, MathReview Entry

Referenced by:

§1.18(ix), §1.18(x).

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