Bessel functions and Hankel functions

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11: 9.6 Relations to Other Functions

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§9.6(i) Airy Functions as Bessel Functions, Hankel Functions, and Modified Bessel Functions

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9.6.6 $$\mathrm{Ai}\left(-z\right)=(\sqrt{z}/3)\left(J_{1/3}\left(\zeta \right)+J_{-1/3}\left(\zeta \right)\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{z/3}\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\pi \mathrm{i}/6}{H}_{1/3}^{(1)}\left(\zeta \right)+{\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \mathrm{i}/6}{H}_{1/3}^{(2)}\left(\zeta \right)\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{z/3}\left({\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \mathrm{i}/6}{H}_{-1/3}^{(1)}\left(\zeta \right)+{\mathrm{e}}^{\pi \mathrm{i}/6}{H}_{-1/3}^{(2)}\left(\zeta \right)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex variable and $\zeta$: change of variable

Proof sketch:

Derivable from those given in Miller (1946, p. B17) and Olver (1997b, pp. 392–393).

A&S Ref:

10.4.15 (partial)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.6.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.6(i), §9.6 and Ch.9

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9.6.8 $$\mathrm{Bi}\left(-z\right)=\sqrt{z/3}\left(J_{-1/3}\left(\zeta \right)-J_{1/3}\left(\zeta \right)\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{z/3}\left({\mathrm{e}}^{2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{H}_{1/3}^{(1)}\left(\zeta \right)+{\mathrm{e}}^{-2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{H}_{1/3}^{(2)}\left(\zeta \right)\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{z/3}\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{H}_{-1/3}^{(1)}\left(\zeta \right)+{\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{H}_{-1/3}^{(2)}\left(\zeta \right)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex variable and $\zeta$: change of variable

Proof sketch:

Derivable from those given in Miller (1946, p. B17) and Olver (1997b, pp. 392–393).

A&S Ref:

10.4.19 (in slightly different form)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.6.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.6(i), §9.6 and Ch.9

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§9.6(ii) Bessel Functions, Hankel Functions, and Modified Bessel Functions as Airy Functions

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9.6.20 $$H_{2/3}^{(2)}\left(\zeta \right)={\mathrm{e}}^{2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{H}_{-2/3}^{(2)}\left(\zeta \right)={\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \mathrm{i}/6}(\sqrt{3}/z)\left({\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left(-z\right)+\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{Bi}}^{\prime }\left(-z\right)\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex variable and $\zeta (z)$: change of variable

Proof sketch:

Derivable from those given in Olver (1997b, pp. 392–393).

A&S Ref:

10.4.29

Referenced by:

(9.8.10), (9.8.12)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.6.E20

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.6(ii), §9.6 and Ch.9

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12: 10.3 Graphics

§10.3 Graphics

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§10.3(i) Real Order and Variable

►For the modulus and phase functions $M_{\nu }\left(x\right)$, ${\theta }_{\nu }\left(x\right)$, $N_{\nu }\left(x\right)$, and ${\varphi }_{\nu }\left(x\right)$ see §10.18. … ►

§10.3(ii) Real Order, Complex Variable

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§10.3(iii) Imaginary Order, Real Variable

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13: 10.19 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

§10.19 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

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§10.19(i) Asymptotic Forms

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10.19.2 $$Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)\sim -\mathrm{i}{H}_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)\sim \mathrm{i}{H}_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)\sim -\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi \nu }}{\left(\frac{\mathrm{e}z}{2\nu }\right)}^{-\nu }.$$

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Symbols:

$Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

9.3.1

Referenced by:

§10.41(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.19.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.19(i), §10.19 and Ch.10

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§10.19(iii) Transition Region

… ►See also §10.20(i).

14: 10.73 Physical Applications

… ►The functions ${𝗃}_n\left(x\right)$, ${𝗒}_n\left(x\right)$, ${𝗁}_n^{(1)}\left(x\right)$, and ${𝗁}_n^{(2)}\left(x\right)$ arise in the solution (again by separation of variables) of the Helmholtz equation in spherical coordinates $\rho ,\theta ,\varphi$ (§1.5(ii)): …

15: 10.17 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Argument

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§10.17(i) Hankel’s Expansions

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§10.17(iii) Error Bounds for Real Argument and Order

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§10.17(v) Exponentially-Improved Expansions

… ►For higher re-expansions of the remainder terms see Olde Daalhuis and Olver (1995a) and Olde Daalhuis (1995, 1996).

16: 10.51 Recurrence Relations and Derivatives

… ►Let $f_n(z)$ denote any of ${𝗃}_n\left(z\right)$, ${𝗒}_n\left(z\right)$, ${𝗁}_n^{(1)}\left(z\right)$, or ${𝗁}_n^{(2)}\left(z\right)$. …

17: 10.23 Sums

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§10.23(i) Multiplication Theorem

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§10.23(ii) Addition Theorems

… ► … ►For collections of sums of series involving Bessel or Hankel functions see Erdélyi et al. (1953b, §7.15), Gradshteyn and Ryzhik (2000, §§8.51–8.53), Hansen (1975), Luke (1969b, §9.4), Prudnikov et al. (1986b, pp. 651–691 and 697–700), and Wheelon (1968, pp. 48–51).

18: 10.27 Connection Formulas

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10.27.7 $$I_{\nu }\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp \nu \pi \mathrm{i}/2}\left(H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}/2}\right)+H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \pi \mathrm{i}/2}\right)\right),$$ $-\pi \le \pm \mathrm{ph}z\le \frac{1}{2}\pi$.

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Symbols:

$H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.27.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.27 and Ch.10

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10.27.8

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Symbols:

$H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $K_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the second kind, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

9.6.4

Referenced by:

§10.16, §10.26(ii), §10.27, §10.27, §10.32(ii), §10.39, §10.40(ii), §10.40(iii), §10.41(i), §10.42, §10.43(ii), §10.44(i), §10.44(ii), §10.44(iii), §10.47(iv), (9.7.16), §9.7(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.27.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.27 and Ch.10

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19: 10.20 Uniform Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

§10.20 Uniform Asymptotic Expansions for Large Order

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10.20.6 $$\begin{array}{c}{H}_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(\nu z\right)\\ H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(\nu z\right)\end{array}\}\sim 2{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp \pi \mathrm{i}/3}{\left(\frac{4\zeta }{1-z^2}\right)}^{\frac{1}{4}}\left(\frac{\mathrm{Ai}\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}\zeta \right)}{{\nu }^{\frac{1}{3}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{A_k(\zeta )}{{\nu }^{2k}}+\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}\zeta \right)}{{\nu }^{\frac{5}{3}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{B_k(\zeta )}{{\nu }^{2k}}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\zeta (z)$: solution, $A_k(\zeta )$: coefficients and $B_k(\zeta )$: coefficients

A&S Ref:

9.3.37

Referenced by:

§10.20(iii), §10.41(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.20.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.20(i), §10.20 and Ch.10

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10.20.9 $$\begin{array}{c}H_{\nu }^{(1)}{}_{}{}^{\prime }\left(\nu z\right)\\ H_{\nu }^{(2)}{}_{}{}^{\prime }\left(\nu z\right)\end{array}\}\sim \frac{4{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}}{z}{\left(\frac{1-z^2}{4\zeta }\right)}^{\frac{1}{4}}\left(\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}\mathrm{Ai}\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}\zeta \right)}{{\nu }^{\frac{4}{3}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{C_k(\zeta )}{{\nu }^{2k}}+\frac{{\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left({\mathrm{e}}^{\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}/3}{\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}\zeta \right)}{{\nu }^{\frac{2}{3}}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{D_k(\zeta )}{{\nu }^{2k}}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $\zeta (z)$: solution, $C_k(\zeta )$: coefficients and $D_k(\zeta )$: coefficients

A&S Ref:

9.3.45

Referenced by:

§10.20(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.20.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.20(i), §10.20 and Ch.10

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§10.20(iii) Double Asymptotic Properties

►For asymptotic properties of the expansions (10.20.4)–(10.20.6) with respect to large values of $z$ see §10.41(v).

20: 10.7 Limiting Forms

§10.7 Limiting Forms

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10.7.2 $$H_0^{(1)}\left(z\right)\sim -H_0^{(2)}\left(z\right)\sim (2\mathrm{i}/\pi )\ln z,$$

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Symbols:

$H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

9.1.8

Referenced by:

§10.7(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.7.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.7(i), §10.7 and Ch.10

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10.7.7 $$H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)\sim -H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)\sim -(\mathrm{i}/\pi )\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu \right){(\frac{1}{2}z)}^{-\nu },$$ $\mathrm{\Re }\nu >0$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $H_{\nu }^{(1)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $H_{\nu }^{(2)}\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the third kind (or Hankel function), $\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

Referenced by:

§10.7(i), §10.7(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.7.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.7(i), §10.7 and Ch.10

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