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21: 10 Bessel Functions

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22: 23 Weierstrass Elliptic and Modular
Functions

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23: 19.5 Maclaurin and Related Expansions

… ►where ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}$ is the Gauss hypergeometric function (§§15.1 and 15.2(i)). …where $F_1(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)$ is an Appell function (§16.13). … ►Coefficients of terms up to ${\lambda }^{49}$ are given in Lee (1990), along with tables of fractional errors in $K\left(k\right)$ and $E\left(k\right)$, $0.1\le k^2\le 0.9999$, obtained by using 12 different truncations of (19.5.6) in (19.5.8) and (19.5.9). … ►Series expansions of $F(\varphi ,k)$ and $E(\varphi ,k)$ are surveyed and improved in Van de Vel (1969), and the case of $F(\varphi ,k)$ is summarized in Gautschi (1975, §1.3.2). For series expansions of $\mathrm{\Pi }(\varphi ,{\alpha }^2,k)$ when see Erdélyi et al. (1953b, §13.6(9)). …

24: 34.8 Approximations for Large Parameters

§34.8 Approximations for Large Parameters

►For large values of the parameters in the $\mathit{3}j$, $\mathit{6}j$, and $\mathit{9}j$ symbols, different asymptotic forms are obtained depending on which parameters are large. … ►

34.8.1 $j_1,j_2,j_3\gg l_3\gg 1$,

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $o\left(x\right)$: order less than, $\sin z$: sine function, : $\mathit{6}j$ symbol, $j,j_r$: non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half. and $l,l_r$: non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half.

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.8.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §34.8 and Ch.34

… ►Uniform approximations in terms of Airy functions for the $\mathit{3}j$ and $\mathit{6}j$ symbols are given in Schulten and Gordon (1975b). For approximations for the $\mathit{3}j$, $\mathit{6}j$, and $\mathit{9}j$ symbols with error bounds see Flude (1998), Chen et al. (1999), and Watson (1999): these references also cite earlier work.

25: 7.8 Inequalities

… ►

7.8.1 $$𝖬\left(x\right)=\frac{{\int }_x^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-t^2}dt}{{\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2}}={\mathrm{e}}^{x^2}{\int }_x^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-t^2}dt.$$

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Defines:

$𝖬\left(x\right)$: Mills’ ratio

Symbols:

$dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.8.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.8 and Ch.7

… ►

7.8.5 $x\ge 0$.

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Symbols:

$𝖬\left(x\right)$: Mills’ ratio and $x$: real variable

Referenced by:

§7.8

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.8.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.8 and Ch.7

… ►

7.8.7 $x>0$.

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Symbols:

$F\left(z\right)$: Dawson’s integral, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\int$: integral and $x$: real variable

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.1.5) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.8.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.5):

A new inequality was added.

See also:

Annotations for §7.8 and Ch.7

►The function $F\left(x\right)/\sqrt{1-{\mathrm{e}}^{-2x^2}}$ is strictly decreasing for $x>0$. For these and similar results for Dawson’s integral $F\left(x\right)$ see Janssen (2021). …

26: 4.25 Continued Fractions

… ►

4.25.1 $$\tan z=\frac{z}{1-}\frac{z^2}{3-}\frac{z^2}{5-}\frac{z^2}{7-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$ $z\ne \pm \frac{1}{2}\pi$, $\pm \frac{3}{2}\pi$, $\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\tan z$: tangent function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.3.94

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

►

4.25.2 $$\tan \left(az\right)=\frac{a\tan z}{1+}\frac{(1-a^2){\tan }^{2}z}{3+}\frac{(4-a^2){\tan }^{2}z}{5+}\frac{(9-a^2){\tan }^{2}z}{7+}\mathrm{\cdots },$$ , $az\ne \pm \frac{1}{2}\pi ,\pm \frac{3}{2}\pi ,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $\tan z$: tangent function, $a$: real or complex constant and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.3.95

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

►

4.25.3 $$\frac{\arcsin z}{\sqrt{1-z^2}}=\frac{z}{1-}\frac{1\cdot 2z^2}{3-}\frac{1\cdot 2z^2}{5-}\frac{3\cdot 4z^2}{7-}\frac{3\cdot 4z^2}{9-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

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Symbols:

$\arcsin z$: arcsine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.4.44

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

… ►

4.25.4 $$\arctan z=\frac{z}{1+}\frac{z^2}{3+}\frac{4z^2}{5+}\frac{9z^2}{7+}\frac{16z^2}{9+}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

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Symbols:

$\arctan z$: arctangent function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.4.43

Referenced by:

§3.10(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

… ►

4.25.5 $${\mathrm{e}}^{2a\arctan \left(1/z\right)}=1+\frac{2a}{z-a+}\frac{a^2+1}{3z+}\frac{a^2+4}{5z+}\frac{a^2+9}{7z+}\mathrm{\cdots },$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\arctan z$: arctangent function, $a$: real or complex constant and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.2.42

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

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27: 19.36 Methods of Computation

… ►For $R_F$ the polynomial of degree 7, for example, is … ► $F(\varphi ,k)$ can be evaluated by using (19.25.5). …Thompson (1997, pp. 499, 504) uses descending Landen transformations for both $F(\varphi ,k)$ and $E(\varphi ,k)$. A summary for $F(\varphi ,k)$ is given in Gautschi (1975, §3). … ►Similarly, §19.26(ii) eases the computation of functions such as $R_F(x,y,z)$ when $x$ ($>0$) is small compared with $\min (y,z)$. …

28: 18.26 Wilson Class: Continued

… ►Here we use as convention for (16.2.1) with $b_q=-N$, $a_1=-n$, and $n=0,1,\mathrm{\dots },N$ that the summation on the right-hand side ends at $k=n$. … ►

18.26.2 $$S_n(y^2;a,b,c)={\left(a+b\right)}_n{\left(a+c\right)}_n{}_3{}^{}F_2^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-n,a+iy,a-iy}{a+b,a+c};1).$$

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Symbols:

${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q};z)$: alternatively ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(𝐚;𝐛;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{𝐚}{𝐛};z)$
generalized hypergeometric function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $S_n(x;a,b,c)$: continuous dual Hahn polynomial, $y$: real variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

Referenced by:

§18.26(i), §18.26(ii), §18.26(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.26.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §18.26(i), §18.26 and Ch.18

… ►For comments on the use of the forward-difference operator ${\mathrm{\Delta }}_x$, the backward-difference operator ${\nabla }_x$, and the central-difference operator ${\delta }_x$, see §18.2(ii). … ►See Koekoek et al. (2010, Chapter 9) for further formulas. … ►For the hypergeometric function ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}$ see §§15.1 and 15.2(i). …

29: 15.12 Asymptotic Approximations

… ►For the asymptotic behavior of $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ as $z\to \mathrm{\infty }$ with $a$, $b$, $c$ fixed, combine (15.2.2) with (15.8.2) or (15.8.8). … ►

$\mathrm{\Re }z>\frac{1}{2}$ and ${\alpha }_{-}-\frac{1}{2}\pi +\delta \le \mathrm{ph}c\le {\alpha }_{+}+\frac{1}{2}\pi -\delta$, where

15.12.1 $${\alpha }_{\pm }=\arctan \left(\frac{\mathrm{ph}z-\mathrm{ph}\left(1-z\right)\mp \pi }{\ln |1-z^{-1}|}\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\arctan z$: arctangent function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable and ${\alpha }_{\pm }$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.12.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §15.12(ii), §15.12 and Ch.15

with $z$ restricted so that $\pm {\alpha }_{\pm }\in [0,\frac{1}{2}\pi )$.

… ►where $q_0(z)=1$ and $q_s(z)$, $s=1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$, are defined by the generating function … ►For $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$ see §10.25(ii). … ►By combination of the foregoing results of this subsection with the linear transformations of §15.8(i) and the connection formulas of §15.10(ii), similar asymptotic approximations for $F(a+e_1\lambda ,b+e_2\lambda ;c+e_3\lambda ;z)$ can be obtained with $e_j=\pm 1$ or $0$, $j=1,2,3$. …

30: 18 Orthogonal Polynomials

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