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21: 29.17 Other Solutions

… ►If (29.2.1) admits a Lamé polynomial solution $E$, then a second linearly independent solution $F$ is given by ►

29.17.1 $$F(z)=E(z){\int }_{\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime }}^z\frac{du}{{(E(u))}^2}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$K^{\prime }\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complementary complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $z$: complex variable and $k$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.17.E1

Encodings:

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Annotations for §29.17(i), §29.17 and Ch.29

… ►They are algebraic functions of $\mathrm{sn}(z,k)$, $\mathrm{cn}(z,k)$, and $\mathrm{dn}(z,k)$, and have primitive period $8K$. …

22: 19.30 Lengths of Plane Curves

… ►

19.30.3 $$s/a=E(\varphi ,k)=R_F(c-1,c-k^2,c)-\frac{1}{3}{k}^2{R}_D(c-1,c-k^2,c),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$R_D(x,y,z)$: elliptic integral symmetric in only two variables, $R_F(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of first kind, $E(\varphi ,k)$: Legendre’s incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind, $\varphi$: real or complex argument, $k$: real or complex modulus and $s$: arclength

Referenced by:

§19.30(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.30.E3

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §19.30(i), §19.30 and Ch.19

… ►Cancellation on the second right-hand side of (19.30.3) can be avoided by use of (19.25.10). … ►

19.30.5 $$L(a,b)=4aE\left(k\right)=8a{R}_G(0,b^2/a^2,1)=8R_G(0,a^2,b^2)=8ab{R}_G(0,a^{-2},b^{-2}),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$R_G(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of second kind, $E\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the second kind, $k$: real or complex modulus and $L(a,b)$: length

Referenced by:

§19.15, §19.24(i), §19.30(i), §19.33(i), §19.9(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.30.E5

Encodings:

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Annotations for §19.30(i), §19.30 and Ch.19

… ►Let $a^2$ and $b^2$ be replaced respectively by $a^2+\lambda$ and $b^2+\lambda$, where $\lambda \in (-b^2,\mathrm{\infty })$, to produce a family of confocal ellipses. … ►For $s$ in terms of $E(\varphi ,k)$, $F(\varphi ,k)$, and an algebraic term, see Byrd and Friedman (1971, p. 3). …

23: 16.25 Methods of Computation

… ►There is, however, an added feature in the numerical solution of differential equations and difference equations (recurrence relations). …Instead a boundary-value problem needs to be formulated and solved. See §§3.6(vii), 3.7(iii), Olde Daalhuis and Olver (1998), Lozier (1980), and Wimp (1984, Chapters 7, 8).

24: 17.16 Mathematical Applications

… ►More recent applications are given in Gasper and Rahman (2004, Chapter 8) and Fine (1988, Chapters 1 and 2).

25: 20.11 Generalizations and Analogs

… ►As in §20.11(ii), the modulus $k$ of elliptic integrals (§19.2(ii)), Jacobian elliptic functions (§22.2), and Weierstrass elliptic functions (§23.6(ii)) can be expanded in $q$-series via (20.9.1). … ►The first of equations (20.9.2) can also be written ►

20.11.5 $${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2};1;k^2)={\theta }_3^2\left(0\right|\tau );$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$: $=F(a,b;c;z)$ notation for Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${\theta }_j\left(z\right|\tau )$: theta function, $\tau$: lattice parameter and $k$: modulus

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/20.11.E5

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §20.11(iii), §20.11 and Ch.20

… ►Similar identities can be constructed for ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\frac{1}{3},\frac{2}{3};1;k^2)$, ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\frac{1}{4},\frac{3}{4};1;k^2)$, and ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\frac{1}{6},\frac{5}{6};1;k^2)$. … ►The importance of these combined theta functions is that sets of twelve equations for the theta functions often can be replaced by corresponding sets of three equations of the combined theta functions, plus permutation symmetry. …

26: 19.1 Special Notation

… ►

$F(\varphi ,k),$

… ►We use also the function $D(\varphi ,k)$, introduced by Jahnke et al. (1966, p. 43). … ►In Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 17) the functions (19.1.1) and (19.1.2) are denoted, in order, by $K(\alpha )$, $E(\alpha )$, $\mathrm{\Pi }(n\backslash \alpha )$, $F(\varphi \backslash \alpha )$, $E(\varphi \backslash \alpha )$, and $\mathrm{\Pi }(n;\varphi \backslash \alpha )$, where $\alpha =\arcsin k$ and $n$ is the ${\alpha }^2$ (not related to $k$) in (19.1.1) and (19.1.2). …However, it should be noted that in Chapter 8 of Abramowitz and Stegun (1964) the notation used for elliptic integrals differs from Chapter 17 and is consistent with that used in the present chapter and the rest of the NIST Handbook and DLMF. … ► $R_F(x,y,z)$, $R_G(x,y,z)$, and $R_J(x,y,z,p)$ are the symmetric (in $x$, $y$, and $z$) integrals of the first, second, and third kinds; they are complete if exactly one of $x$, $y$, and $z$ is identically 0. …

27: 2.10 Sums and Sequences

… ►For extensions to $\alpha \le 0$, higher terms, and other examples, see Olver (1997b, Chapter 8). … ►Hence … ►For generalizations and other examples see Olver (1997b, Chapter 8), Ford (1960), and Berndt and Evans (1984). … ►For examples see Olver (1997b, Chapters 8, 9). … ►For other examples and extensions see Olver (1997b, Chapter 8), Olver (1970), Wong (1989, Chapter 2), and Wong and Wyman (1974). …

28: 9.4 Maclaurin Series

… ►

9.4.1 $$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)=\mathrm{Ai}\left(0\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{3!}{z}^3+\frac{1\cdot 4}{6!}{z}^6+\frac{1\cdot 4\cdot 7}{9!}{z}^9+\mathrm{\cdots }\right)+{\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left(0\right)\left(z+\frac{2}{4!}{z}^4+\frac{2\cdot 5}{7!}{z}^7+\frac{2\cdot 5\cdot 8}{10!}{z}^{10}+\mathrm{\cdots }\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$) and $z$: complex variable

Source:

Olver (1997b, p. 54)

A&S Ref:

10.4.2 (with 10.4.4 and 10.4.5)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.4.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §9.4 and Ch.9

►

9.4.2 $${\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left(z\right)={\mathrm{Ai}}^{\prime }\left(0\right)\left(1+\frac{2}{3!}{z}^3+\frac{2\cdot 5}{6!}{z}^6+\frac{2\cdot 5\cdot 8}{9!}{z}^9+\mathrm{\cdots }\right)+\mathrm{Ai}\left(0\right)\left(\frac{1}{2!}{z}^2+\frac{1\cdot 4}{5!}{z}^5+\frac{1\cdot 4\cdot 7}{8!}{z}^8+\mathrm{\cdots }\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$) and $z$: complex variable

Proof sketch:

Use methods of Olver (1997b, p. 54).

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.4.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.4 and Ch.9

►

9.4.3 $$\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)=\mathrm{Bi}\left(0\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{3!}{z}^3+\frac{1\cdot 4}{6!}{z}^6+\frac{1\cdot 4\cdot 7}{9!}{z}^9+\mathrm{\cdots }\right)+{\mathrm{Bi}}^{\prime }\left(0\right)\left(z+\frac{2}{4!}{z}^4+\frac{2\cdot 5}{7!}{z}^7+\frac{2\cdot 5\cdot 8}{10!}{z}^{10}+\mathrm{\cdots }\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$) and $z$: complex variable

Proof sketch:

Use methods of Olver (1997b, p. 54).

A&S Ref:

10.4.3 (with 10.4.4 and 10.4.5)

Referenced by:

(9.12.15)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.4.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.4 and Ch.9

►

9.4.4 $${\mathrm{Bi}}^{\prime }\left(z\right)={\mathrm{Bi}}^{\prime }\left(0\right)\left(1+\frac{2}{3!}{z}^3+\frac{2\cdot 5}{6!}{z}^6+\frac{2\cdot 5\cdot 8}{9!}{z}^9+\mathrm{\cdots }\right)+\mathrm{Bi}\left(0\right)\left(\frac{1}{2!}{z}^2+\frac{1\cdot 4}{5!}{z}^5+\frac{1\cdot 4\cdot 7}{8!}{z}^8+\mathrm{\cdots }\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$: Airy function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$) and $z$: complex variable

Proof sketch:

Use methods of Olver (1997b, p. 54).

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.4.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.4 and Ch.9

29: 19.27 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions

… ►

§19.27(ii) $R_F(x,y,z)$

… ►

19.27.2 $$R_F(x,y,z)=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{z}}\left(\ln \frac{8z}{a+g}\right)\left(1+O\left(\frac{a}{z}\right)\right),$$ $a/z\to 0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $R_F(x,y,z)$: symmetric elliptic integral of first kind, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $a$ and $g$

Referenced by:

§19.20(iii), §19.27(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.27.E2

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §19.27(ii), §19.27 and Ch.19

… ►

§19.27(iv) $R_D(x,y,z)$

… ►

19.27.7 $$R_D(x,y,z)=\frac{3}{2z^{3/2}}\left(\ln \left(\frac{8z}{a+g}\right)-2\right)\left(1+O\left(\frac{a}{z}\right)\right),$$ $a/z\to 0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $R_D(x,y,z)$: elliptic integral symmetric in only two variables, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $a$ and $g$

Referenced by:

§19.20(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.27.E7

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §19.27(iv), §19.27 and Ch.19

… ►These series converge but not fast enough, given the complicated nature of their terms, to be very useful in practice. …

30: 19.9 Inequalities

… ►Further inequalities for $K\left(k\right)$ and $E\left(k\right)$ can be found in Alzer and Qiu (2004), Anderson et al. (1992a, b, 1997), and Qiu and Vamanamurthy (1996). … ►Even for the extremely eccentric ellipse with $a=99$ and $b=1$, this is correct within 0. … ►Sharper inequalities for $F(\varphi ,k)$ are: … ►Inequalities for both $F(\varphi ,k)$ and $E(\varphi ,k)$ involving inverse circular or inverse hyperbolic functions are given in Carlson (1961b, §4). … ►Other inequalities for $F(\varphi ,k)$ can be obtained from inequalities for $R_F(x,y,z)$ given in Carlson (1966, (2.15)) and Carlson (1970) via (19.25.5).