# §33.12(i) Transition Region

When $\ell=0$ and $\eta>0$, the outer turning point is given by $\mathop{\rho_{\mathrm{tp}}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\eta,0\right)=2\eta$; compare (33.2.2). Define

 33.12.1 $\displaystyle x$ $\displaystyle=(2\eta-\rho)/(2\eta)^{1/3},$ $\displaystyle\mu$ $\displaystyle=(2\eta)^{2/3}.$ Symbols: $\rho$: nonnegative real variable, $\eta$: real parameter, $x$: variable and $\mu$: variable Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.12.E1 Encodings: TeX, TeX, pMML, pMML, png, png

Then as $\eta\to\infty$,

 33.12.2 ${\mathop{F_{0}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\eta,\rho\right)\atop\mathop{G_{0}\/}% \nolimits\!\left(\eta,\rho\right)}\sim\pi^{1/2}(2\eta)^{1/6}\left\{{\mathop{% \mathrm{Ai}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x\right)\atop\mathop{\mathrm{Bi}\/}\nolimits\!% \left(x\right)}\left(1+\frac{B_{1}}{\mu}+\frac{B_{2}}{\mu^{2}}+\cdots\right)+{% {\mathop{\mathrm{Ai}\/}\nolimits^{\prime}}\!\left(x\right)\atop{\mathop{% \mathrm{Bi}\/}\nolimits^{\prime}}\!\left(x\right)}\left(\frac{A_{1}}{\mu}+% \frac{A_{2}}{\mu^{2}}+\cdots\right)\right\},$
 33.12.3 ${{\mathop{F_{0}\/}\nolimits^{\prime}}\!\left(\eta,\rho\right)\atop{\mathop{G_{% 0}\/}\nolimits^{\prime}}\!\left(\eta,\rho\right)}\sim-\pi^{1/2}(2\eta)^{-1/6}% \left\{{\mathop{\mathrm{Ai}\/}\nolimits\!\left(x\right)\atop\mathop{\mathrm{Bi% }\/}\nolimits\!\left(x\right)}\left(\frac{B_{1}^{\prime}+xA_{1}}{\mu}+\frac{B_% {2}^{\prime}+xA_{2}}{\mu^{2}}+\cdots\right)+{{\mathop{\mathrm{Ai}\/}\nolimits^% {\prime}}\!\left(x\right)\atop{\mathop{\mathrm{Bi}\/}\nolimits^{\prime}}\!% \left(x\right)}\left(\frac{B_{1}+A_{1}^{\prime}}{\mu}+\frac{B_{2}+A_{2}^{% \prime}}{\mu^{2}}+\cdots\right)\right\},$

uniformly for bounded values of $\left|(\rho-2\eta)/\eta^{1/3}\right|$. Here $\mathop{\mathrm{Ai}\/}\nolimits$ and $\mathop{\mathrm{Bi}\/}\nolimits$ are the Airy functions (§9.2), and

 33.12.4 $\displaystyle A_{1}$ $\displaystyle=\tfrac{1}{5}x^{2},$ $\displaystyle A_{2}$ $\displaystyle=\tfrac{1}{35}(2x^{3}+6),$ $\displaystyle A_{3}$ $\displaystyle=\tfrac{1}{15750}(21x^{7}+370x^{4}+580x),$ Symbols: $x$: variable, $A_{j}$: coefficients and $B_{j}$: coefficients Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.12.E4 Encodings: TeX, TeX, TeX, pMML, pMML, pMML, png, png, png
 33.12.5 $\displaystyle B_{1}$ $\displaystyle=-\tfrac{1}{5}x,$ $\displaystyle B_{2}$ $\displaystyle=\tfrac{1}{350}(7x^{5}-30x^{2}),$ $\displaystyle B_{3}$ $\displaystyle=\tfrac{1}{15750}(264x^{6}-290x^{3}-560).$ Symbols: $x$: variable and $B_{j}$: coefficients Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.12.E5 Encodings: TeX, TeX, TeX, pMML, pMML, pMML, png, png, png

In particular,

 33.12.6 ${\mathop{F_{0}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\eta,2\eta\right)\atop{3^{-\ifrac{1}{2}}% \mathop{G_{0}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\eta,2\eta\right)}}\sim\frac{\mathop{\Gamma\/% }\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)\omega^{1/2}}{2\sqrt{\pi}}\left(1\mp\frac{% 2}{35}\frac{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)}{\mathop{% \Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}\frac{1}{\omega^{4}}-\frac{8}{202% 5}\frac{1}{\omega^{6}}\mp\frac{5792}{46\,06875}\frac{\mathop{\Gamma\/}% \nolimits\!\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)}{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1% }{3}\right)}\frac{1}{\omega^{10}}-\cdots\right),$
 33.12.7 ${{\mathop{F_{0}\/}\nolimits^{\prime}}\!\left(\eta,2\eta\right)\atop{3^{-\ifrac% {1}{2}}{\mathop{G_{0}\/}\nolimits^{\prime}}\!\left(\eta,2\eta\right)}}\sim% \frac{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)}{2\sqrt{\pi}\omega^% {1/2}}\left(\pm 1+\frac{1}{15}\frac{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}% {3}\right)}{\mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)}\frac{1}{% \omega^{2}}\pm\frac{2}{14175}\frac{1}{\omega^{6}}+\frac{1436}{23\,38875}\frac{% \mathop{\Gamma\/}\nolimits\!\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}{\mathop{\Gamma\/}% \nolimits\!\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)}\frac{1}{\omega^{8}}\pm\cdots\right),$

where $\omega=(\tfrac{2}{3}\eta)^{1/3}$.

For derivations and additional terms in the expansions in this subsection see Abramowitz and Rabinowitz (1954) and Fröberg (1955).

# §33.12(ii) Uniform Expansions

With the substitution $\rho=2\eta z$, Equation (33.2.1) becomes

 33.12.8 $\frac{{d}^{2}w}{{dz}^{2}}=\left(4\eta^{2}\left(\frac{1-z}{z}\right)+\frac{\ell% (\ell+1)}{z^{2}}\right)w.$

Then, by application of the results given in §§2.8(iii) and 2.8(iv), two sets of asymptotic expansions can be constructed for $\mathop{F_{\ell}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\eta,\rho\right)$ and $\mathop{G_{\ell}\/}\nolimits\!\left(\eta,\rho\right)$ when $\eta\to\infty$.

The first set is in terms of Airy functions and the expansions are uniform for fixed $\ell$ and $\delta\leq z<\infty$, where $\delta$ is an arbitrary small positive constant. They would include the results of §33.12(i) as a special case.

The second set is in terms of Bessel functions of orders $2\ell+1$ and $2\ell+2$, and they are uniform for fixed $\ell$ and $0\leq z\leq 1-\delta$, where $\delta$ again denotes an arbitrary small positive constant.

Compare also §33.20(iv).