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21: 25.8 Sums

§25.8 Sums

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25.8.1 $$\sum _{k=2}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left(\zeta \left(k\right)-1\right)=1.$$

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Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function and $k$: nonnegative integer

Keywords:

infinite series

Source:

Adamchik and Srivastava (1998, (1.4), p. 132)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.8.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.8 and Ch.25

… ►

25.8.3 $$\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(s\right)}_k\zeta \left(s+k\right)}{k!2^{s+k}}=(1-2^{-s})\zeta \left(s\right),$$ $s\ne 1$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $k$: nonnegative integer and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

infinite series

Source:

Srivastava (1988, (2.6), p. 131); with $k=0$ term

Referenced by:

§25.11(iv), Erratum (V1.0.9) for Chapters 7, 25

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.8.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Notational Change (effective with 1.0.9):

We have rewritten the original summation ${\sum }_{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s+k\right)\zeta \left(s+k\right)}{k!\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s\right)2^{s+k}}$ more concisely as ${\sum }_{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(s\right)}_k\zeta \left(s+k\right)}{k!2^{s+k}}$ using the Pochhammer symbol.

See also:

Annotations for §25.8 and Ch.25

… ►

25.8.9 $$\sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\zeta \left(2k\right)}{(2k+1)2^{2k}}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\ln 2.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $k$: nonnegative integer

Keywords:

infinite series

Source:

Srivastava and Choi (2001, (467), p. 212)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.8.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.8 and Ch.25

… ►For other sums see Prudnikov et al. (1986b, pp. 648–649), Hansen (1975, pp. 355–357), Ogreid and Osland (1998), and Srivastava and Choi (2001, Chapter 3).

22: 24.14 Sums

§24.14 Sums

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24.14.2 $$\sum _{k=0}^n\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{k}\right)B_k{B}_{n-k}=(1-n)B_n-n{B}_{n-1}.$$

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $k$: integer and $n$: integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/24.14.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §24.14(i), §24.14 and Ch.24

… ►In the following two identities, valid for $n\ge 2$, the sums are taken over all nonnegative integers $j,k,\mathrm{\ell }$ with $j+k+\mathrm{\ell }=n$. … ►In the next identity, valid for $n\ge 4$, the sum is taken over all positive integers $j,k,\mathrm{\ell },m$ with $j+k+\mathrm{\ell }+m=n$. … ►For other sums involving Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials see Hansen (1975, pp. 331–347) and Prudnikov et al. (1990, pp. 383–386).

23: 17.5 ${}_0{}^{}\varphi _0^{},{}_1{}^{}\varphi _0^{},{}_1{}^{}\varphi _1^{}$ Functions

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Euler’s Second Sum

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17.5.1 $${}_0{}^{}\varphi _0^{}(-;-;q,z)=\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n{q}^{\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{2}\right)}{z}^n}{{(q;q)}_n}={(z;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }};$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, ${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${}_{r+1}{}^{}\varphi _s^{}(a_0,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_s;q,z)$ or ${}_{r+1}{}^{}\varphi _s^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_0,\mathrm{\dots },a_r}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_s};q,z)$: basic hypergeometric (or $q$-hypergeometric) function, $q$: complex base, $n$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§17.2(iii), Erratum (V1.1.11) for Equation (17.5.1)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.5.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.1.11):

The constraint is not necessary and was removed.

See also:

Annotations for §17.5, §17.5 and Ch.17

… ►

Euler’s First Sum

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17.5.4 $${}_1{}^{}\varphi _0^{}(0;-;q,z)=\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{z^n}{{(q;q)}_n}=\frac{1}{{(z;q)}_{\mathrm{\infty }}},$$ ;

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Symbols:

${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${}_{r+1}{}^{}\varphi _s^{}(a_0,\mathrm{\dots },a_r;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_s;q,z)$ or ${}_{r+1}{}^{}\varphi _s^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_0,\mathrm{\dots },a_r}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_s};q,z)$: basic hypergeometric (or $q$-hypergeometric) function, $q$: complex base, $n$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§17.2(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.5.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.5, §17.5 and Ch.17

… ►

Cauchy’s Sum

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24: 27.4 Euler Products and Dirichlet Series

… ►

27.4.1 $$\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}f(n)=\prod _p\left(1+\sum _{r=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}f(p^r)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$n$: positive integer, $p,p_1,\mathrm{\dots }$: prime numbers and $f$: multiplicative function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.4.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §27.4 and Ch.27

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27.4.2 $$\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}f(n)=\prod _p{(1-f(p))}^{-1}.$$

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Symbols:

$n$: positive integer, $p,p_1,\mathrm{\dots }$: prime numbers and $f$: multiplicative function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.4.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §27.4 and Ch.27

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27.4.3 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{n}^{-s}=\prod _p{(1-p^{-s})}^{-1},$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>1$.

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Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $n$: positive integer and $p,p_1,\mathrm{\dots }$: prime numbers

A&S Ref:

23.2.1 and 23.2.2

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.4.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §27.4 and Ch.27

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27.4.4 $$F(s)=\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}f(n)n^{-s},$$

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Symbols:

$n$: positive integer, $f$: multiplicative function and $F(s)$: generating function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.4.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §27.4 and Ch.27

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27.4.11 $$\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\sigma }_{\alpha }\left(n\right)n^{-s}=\zeta \left(s\right)\zeta \left(s-\alpha \right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>\max (1,1+\mathrm{\Re }\alpha )$,

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Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, ${\sigma }_{\alpha }\left(n\right)$: sum of powers of divisors of a number, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $n$: positive integer

A&S Ref:

24.3.3 I.B

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/27.4.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §27.4 and Ch.27

…

25: 8.15 Sums

§8.15 Sums

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8.15.1 $$\gamma (a,\lambda x)={\lambda }^a\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\gamma (a+k,x)\frac{{(1-\lambda )}^k}{k!}.$$

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Symbols:

$!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\gamma (a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $x$: real variable, $a$: parameter and $k$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.15.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.15 and Ch.8

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8.15.2 $$a\sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left(\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{2\pi \mathrm{i}k(z+h)}}{{\left(2\pi \mathrm{i}k\right)}^{a+1}}\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,2\pi \mathrm{i}kz)+\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-2\pi \mathrm{i}k(z+h)}}{{\left(-2\pi \mathrm{i}k\right)}^{a+1}}\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,-2\pi \mathrm{i}kz)\right)=\zeta (-a,z+h)+\frac{z^{a+1}}{a+1}+\left(h-\frac{1}{2}\right)z^a,$$ $h\in [0,1]$.

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Symbols:

$\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $[a,b]$: closed interval, $\in$: element of, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $k$: nonnegative integer

Proof sketch:

Start with and $z>0$. For $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}kz)$ take integral representation (8.2.2) and use the substitution $t=\pm 2\pi \mathrm{i}kz(1+\tau )$. The sum and the integral can be interchanged, and the sum can be evaluated via (4.6.1). Use integration by parts. This will result in $\left(h-\frac{1}{2}\right)z^a$ plus two integrals with infinitely many poles. The residue theorem (§1.10(iv)) will give us an infinite series which can be identified via (25.11.1). For other values of $a$ and $z$ use analytic continuation.

Referenced by:

§25.11(x), §25.11(x), §8.15, Erratum (V1.1.3) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.15.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.3):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §8.15 and Ch.8

…

26: 25.17 Physical Applications

… ►Quantum field theory often encounters formally divergent sums that need to be evaluated by a process of regularization: for example, the energy of the electromagnetic vacuum in a confined space (Casimir–Polder effect). It has been found possible to perform such regularizations by equating the divergent sums to zeta functions and associated functions (Elizalde (1995)).

27: 12.13 Sums

§12.13 Sums

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12.13.1 $$U(a,x+y)={\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{2}xy+\frac{1}{4}{y}^2}\sum _{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-y)}^m}{m!}U(a-m,x),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $U(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $x$: real variable, $y$: real variable and $a$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§12.13(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.13.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.13(i), §12.13 and Ch.12

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12.13.2 $$U(a,x+y)={\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{1}{2}xy-\frac{1}{4}{y}^2}\sum _{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{-a-\frac{1}{2}}{m}\right)y^{m}U(a+m,x),$$

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Symbols:

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $U(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $x$: real variable, $y$: real variable and $a$: real or complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.13.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.13(i), §12.13 and Ch.12

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12.13.3 $$V(a,x+y)={\mathrm{e}}^{\frac{1}{2}xy+\frac{1}{4}{y}^2}\sum _{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{a-\frac{1}{2}}{m}\right)y^{m}V(a-m,x),$$

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Symbols:

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $V(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $x$: real variable, $y$: real variable and $a$: real or complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.13.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.13(i), §12.13 and Ch.12

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12.13.4 $$V(a,x+y)={\mathrm{e}}^{-\frac{1}{2}xy-\frac{1}{4}{y}^2}\sum _{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{y^m}{m!}V(a+m,x).$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $V(a,z)$: parabolic cylinder function, $x$: real variable, $y$: real variable and $a$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§12.13(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/12.13.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §12.13(i), §12.13 and Ch.12

…

28: 34.6 Definition: $\mathit{9}j$ Symbol

… ►The $\mathit{9}j$ symbol may be defined either in terms of $\mathit{3}j$ symbols or equivalently in terms of $\mathit{6}j$ symbols: ►

34.6.1

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Defines:

: $\mathit{9}j$ symbol

Symbols:

: $\mathit{3}j$ symbol, $j,j_r$: non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half., $r$: nonnegative integer and $s$: integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.6.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §34.6 and Ch.34

►

34.6.2

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Symbols:

: $\mathit{9}j$ symbol, : $\mathit{6}j$ symbol and $j,j_r$: non-negative integers or non-negative integers plus one half.

Referenced by:

§34.13

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/34.6.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §34.6 and Ch.34

►The $\mathit{9}j$ symbol may also be written as a finite triple sum equivalent to a terminating generalized hypergeometric series of three variables with unit arguments. …

29: 24.5 Recurrence Relations

… ►

24.5.1 $$\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}\left(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{k}\right)B_k\left(x\right)=n{x}^{n-1},$$ $n=2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$,

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Symbols:

$B_n\left(x\right)$: Bernoulli polynomials, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $k$: integer, $n$: integer and $x$: real or complex

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/24.5.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §24.5(i), §24.5 and Ch.24

… ►

$a_n={\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^n}\left({\displaystyle \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{k}}\right){\displaystyle \frac{b_{n-k}}{k+1}},$

►

$b_n={\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^n}\left({\displaystyle \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{k}}\right)B_k{a}_{n-k}.$

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$a_n={\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor }}\left({\displaystyle \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{2k}}\right)b_{n-2k},$

►

$b_n={\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor }}\left({\displaystyle \genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{2k}}\right)E_{2k}{a}_{n-2k}.$

30: 10.60 Sums

§10.60 Sums

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§10.60(i) Addition Theorems

… ►

§10.60(ii) Duplication Formulas

… ►For further sums of series of spherical Bessel functions, or modified spherical Bessel functions, see §6.10(ii), Luke (1969b, pp. 55–58), Vavreck and Thompson (1984), Harris (2000), and Rottbrand (2000). ►

§10.60(iv) Compendia

…