fractional part

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11: 4.21 Identities

… ►This result is also valid when $n$ is fractional or complex, provided that $-\pi \le \mathrm{\Re }z\le \pi$. …

12: 10.43 Integrals

… ►

§10.43(iii) Fractional Integrals

… ►when $\mathrm{\Re }\alpha >0$ and $x>0$, and by analytic continuation elsewhere. … ►

§10.43(iv) Integrals over the Interval ($0,\mathrm{\infty }$)

… ►When $\mathrm{\Re }\mu >|\mathrm{\Re }\nu |$, … ►

10.43.27 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{t}^{\mu +\nu +1}{K}_{\mu }\left(at\right)J_{\nu }\left(bt\right)dt=\frac{{(2a)}^{\mu }{(2b)}^{\nu }\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mu +\nu +1\right)}{{(a^2+b^2)}^{\mu +\nu +1}},$$ $\mathrm{\Re }\left(\nu +1\right)>|\mathrm{\Re }\mu |,\mathrm{\Re }a>|\mathrm{\Im }b|$.

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{\Im }$: imaginary part, $\int$: integral, $K_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: modified Bessel function of the second kind, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $\nu$: complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.43.E27

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.43(iv), §10.43 and Ch.10

…

13: 15.6 Integral Representations

… ►

15.6.1 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-b\right)}{\int }_0^1\frac{t^{b-1}{(1-t)}^{c-b-1}}{{(1-zt)}^a}dt,$$ ; $\mathrm{\Re }c>\mathrm{\Re }b>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§15.19(iii), (15.4.34), §15.6, §15.6, Erratum (V1.0.23) for Equations (15.6.1)–(15.6.9), Erratum (V1.0.23) for Equations (15.6.1)–(15.6.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.23):

The Olver hypergeometric function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$, previously omitted from the left-hand side to make the formula more concise, has been added. The constraint , originally mentioned in the text, has been directly added to the formula.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

►

15.6.2 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1+b-c\right)}{2\pi \mathrm{i}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b\right)}{\int }_0^{(1+)}\frac{t^{b-1}{(t-1)}^{c-b-1}}{{(1-zt)}^a}dt,$$ ; $c-b\ne 1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$, $\mathrm{\Re }b>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§15.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.23):

The Olver hypergeometric function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$, previously omitted from the left-hand side to make the formula more concise, has been added. The constraint , originally mentioned in the text, has been directly added to the formula.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

►

15.6.2_5 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-b\right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{t^{b-1}{\left(t+1\right)}^{a-c}}{{\left(t-zt+1\right)}^a}dt,$$ ; $\mathrm{\Re }c>\mathrm{\Re }b>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§15.6, Erratum (V1.1.5) for Additions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E2_5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.1.5):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

… ►

15.6.8 $$𝐅(a,b;c;z)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(c-d\right)}{\int }_0^1𝐅(a,b;d;zt)t^{d-1}{(1-t)}^{c-d-1}dt,$$ ; $\mathrm{\Re }c>\mathrm{\Re }d>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Proof sketch:

Follows from (15.6.9) with $\lambda =a+b$.

Referenced by:

(15.6.9), §15.6, §15.6, §15.6, §18.17(iv), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Equation (15.6.8), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Equation (15.6.8)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.6.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.23):

The Olver hypergeometric function $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$, previously omitted from the left-hand side to make the formula more concise, has been added. The constraint , originally mentioned in the text, has been directly added to the formula.

See also:

Annotations for §15.6 and Ch.15

… ►Note that (15.6.8) can be rewritten as a fractional integral. …

14: 18.40 Methods of Computation

… ►The question is then: how is this possible given only $F_N(z)$, rather than $F(z)$ itself? $F_N(z)$ often converges to smooth results for $z$ off the real axis for $\mathrm{\Im }z$ at a distance greater than the pole spacing of the $x_n$, this may then be followed by approximate numerical analytic continuation via fitting to lower order continued fractions (either Padé, see §3.11(iv), or pointwise continued fraction approximants, see Schlessinger (1968, Appendix)), to $F_N(z)$ and evaluating these on the real axis in regions of higher pole density that those of the approximating function. …

15: 15.19 Methods of Computation

… ►For example, in the half-plane $\mathrm{\Re }z\le \frac{1}{2}$ we can use (15.12.2) or (15.12.3) to compute $F(a,b;c+N+1;z)$ and $F(a,b;c+N;z)$, where $N$ is a large positive integer, and then apply (15.5.18) in the backward direction. When $\mathrm{\Re }z>\frac{1}{2}$ it is better to begin with one of the linear transformations (15.8.4), (15.8.7), or (15.8.8). … ►

§15.19(v) Continued Fractions

►In Colman et al. (2011) an algorithm is described that uses expansions in continued fractions for high-precision computation of the Gauss hypergeometric function, when the variable and parameters are real and one of the numerator parameters is a positive integer. …

16: 33.8 Continued Fractions

§33.8 Continued Fractions

… ►The continued fraction (33.8.1) converges for all finite values of $\rho$, and (33.8.2) converges for all $\rho \ne 0$. ►If we denote $u=F_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\prime }/F_{\mathrm{\ell }}$ and $p+\mathrm{i}q=H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{+}{}_{}{}^{\prime }/H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{+}$, then …The ambiguous sign in (33.8.4) has to agree with that of the final denominator in (33.8.1) when the continued fraction has converged to the required precision. …

17: 4.25 Continued Fractions

§4.25 Continued Fractions

… ►

4.25.2 $$\tan \left(az\right)=\frac{a\tan z}{1+}\frac{(1-a^2){\tan }^{2}z}{3+}\frac{(4-a^2){\tan }^{2}z}{5+}\frac{(9-a^2){\tan }^{2}z}{7+}\mathrm{\cdots },$$ , $az\ne \pm \frac{1}{2}\pi ,\pm \frac{3}{2}\pi ,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $\tan z$: tangent function, $a$: real or complex constant and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.3.95

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

… ►See Lorentzen and Waadeland (1992, pp. 560–571) for other continued fractions involving inverse trigonometric functions. …

18: 18.17 Integrals

… ►

§18.17(iv) Fractional Integrals

►

Jacobi

… ►Formulas (18.17.9), (18.17.10) and (18.17.11) are fractional generalizations of $n$-th derivative formulas which are, after substitution of (18.5.7), special cases of (15.5.4), (15.5.5) and (15.5.3), respectively. … ►Formulas (18.17.12) and (18.17.13) are fractional generalizations of the differentiation formulas given in (Erdélyi et al., 1953b, §10.9(15)). ►

Laguerre

…

19: 25.11 Hurwitz Zeta Function

… ►

25.11.27 $$\zeta (s,a)=\frac{1}{2}{a}^{-s}+\frac{a^{1-s}}{s-1}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s\right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left(\frac{1}{{\mathrm{e}}^x-1}-\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{2}\right)x^{s-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-ax}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>-1$, $s\ne 1$, $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

improper integral, integral representation

Proof sketch:

Derivable from (25.11.25) by first rewriting $(1-{\mathrm{e}}^{-x})={\mathrm{e}}^{-x}({\mathrm{e}}^x-1)$, then replacing $x^{s-1}\mapsto x^{s-1}(1+{\mathrm{e}}^{-x}-{\mathrm{e}}^{-x})$, using the identity ${\mathrm{e}}^{-x}=(1-{\mathrm{e}}^{-x})/({\mathrm{e}}^x-1)$, and replacing ${({\mathrm{e}}^x-1)}^{-1}\mapsto ({({\mathrm{e}}^x-1)}^{-1}-1/x+1/2-1/2+1/x)$ in the resulting integrand with (5.2.1), (5.5.1).

Referenced by:

(25.11.28)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E27

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Update (effective with 1.1.9):

The fraction in the integrand $\frac{x^{s-1}}{{\mathrm{e}}^{ax}}$ was rewritten to read $x^{s-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-ax}$.

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(vii), §25.11 and Ch.25

…

20: 2.4 Contour Integrals

… ►Except that $\lambda$ is now permitted to be complex, with $\mathrm{\Re }\lambda >0$, we assume the same conditions on $q(t)$ and also that the Laplace transform in (2.3.8) converges for all sufficiently large values of $\mathrm{\Re }z$. … ►is continuous in $\mathrm{\Re }z\ge c$ and analytic in $\mathrm{\Re }z>c$, and by inversion (§1.14(iii)) … ►in the half-plane $\mathrm{\Re }z\ge c$. …Then by integration by parts the integral … ►However, if $p^{\prime }(t_0)=0$, then $\mu \ge 2$ and different branches of some of the fractional powers of $p_0$ are used for the coefficients $b_s$; again see §2.3(iii). …