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1: 25.20 Approximations
  • Cody et al. (1971) gives rational approximations for ζ ( s ) in the form of quotients of polynomials or quotients of Chebyshev series. The ranges covered are 0.5 s 5 , 5 s 11 , 11 s 25 , 25 s 55 . Precision is varied, with a maximum of 20S.

  • Luke (1969b, p. 306) gives coefficients in Chebyshev-series expansions that cover ζ ( s ) for 0 s 1 (15D), ζ ( s + 1 ) for 0 s 1 (20D), and ln ξ ( 1 2 + i x ) 25.4) for 1 x 1 (20D). For errata see Piessens and Branders (1972).

  • Morris (1979) gives rational approximations for Li 2 ( x ) 25.12(i)) for 0.5 x 1 . Precision is varied with a maximum of 24S.

  • Antia (1993) gives minimax rational approximations for Γ ( s + 1 ) F s ( x ) , where F s ( x ) is the Fermi–Dirac integral (25.12.14), for the intervals < x 2 and 2 x < , with s = 1 2 , 1 2 , 3 2 , 5 2 . For each s there are three sets of approximations, with relative maximum errors 10 4 , 10 8 , 10 12 .

  • 2: 25.19 Tables
  • Morris (1979) tabulates Li 2 ( x ) 25.12(i)) for ± x = 0.02 ( .02 ) 1 ( .1 ) 6 to 30D.

  • Cloutman (1989) tabulates Γ ( s + 1 ) F s ( x ) , where F s ( x ) is the Fermi–Dirac integral (25.12.14), for s = 1 2 , 1 2 , 3 2 , 5 2 , x = 5 ( .05 ) 25 , to 12S.

  • Fletcher et al. (1962, §22.1) lists many sources for earlier tables of ζ ( s ) for both real and complex s . §22.133 gives sources for numerical values of coefficients in the Riemann–Siegel formula, §22.15 describes tables of values of ζ ( s , a ) , and §22.17 lists tables for some Dirichlet L -functions for real characters. For tables of dilogarithms, polylogarithms, and Clausen’s integral see §§22.84–22.858.

  • 3: 25.18 Methods of Computation
    Details are provided in Haselgrove and Miller (1960). …Calculations relating to derivatives of ζ ( s ) and/or ζ ( s , a ) can be found in Apostol (1985a), Choudhury (1995), Miller and Adamchik (1998), and Yeremin et al. (1988). … For dilogarithms and polylogarithms see Jacobs and Lambert (1972), Osácar et al. (1995), Spanier and Oldham (1987, pp. 231–232), and Zudilin (2007). For Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein integrals see Cloutman (1989), Gautschi (1993), Mohankumar and Natarajan (1997), Natarajan and Mohankumar (1993), Paszkowski (1988, 1991), Pichon (1989), and Sagar (1991a, b). … Most numerical calculations of the Riemann zeta function are concerned with locating zeros of ζ ( 1 2 + i t ) in an effort to prove or disprove the Riemann hypothesis, which states that all nontrivial zeros of ζ ( s ) lie on the critical line s = 1 2 . …
    4: 25.17 Physical Applications
    The zeta function arises in the calculation of the partition function of ideal quantum gases (both Bose–Einstein and Fermi–Dirac cases), and it determines the critical gas temperature and density for the Bose–Einstein condensation phase transition in a dilute gas (Lifshitz and Pitaevskiĭ (1980)). Quantum field theory often encounters formally divergent sums that need to be evaluated by a process of regularization: for example, the energy of the electromagnetic vacuum in a confined space (Casimir–Polder effect). …
    5: 25.12 Polylogarithms
    (In the latter case (25.12.11) becomes (25.5.1)). …
    §25.12(iii) Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Integrals
    The Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein integrals are defined by … In terms of polylogarithms … For a uniform asymptotic approximation for F s ( x ) see Temme and Olde Daalhuis (1990).
    6: 25.21 Software
    In this section we provide links to the research literature describing the implementation of algorithms in software for the evaluation of functions described in this chapter. Citations in bulleted lists refer to papers for which research software has been made available and can be downloaded via the Web. References to research software that is available in other ways is listed separately. A more complete list of available software for computing these functions is found in the Software Index. …
    §25.21(vii) Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Integrals
    7: Bibliography P
  • S. Paszkowski (1988) Evaluation of Fermi-Dirac Integral. In Nonlinear Numerical Methods and Rational Approximation (Wilrijk, 1987), A. Cuyt (Ed.), Mathematics and Its Applications, Vol. 43, pp. 435–444.
  • S. Paszkowski (1991) Evaluation of the Fermi-Dirac integral of half-integer order. Zastos. Mat. 21 (2), pp. 289–301.
  • A. R. Paterson (1983) A First Course in Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • B. Pichon (1989) Numerical calculation of the generalized Fermi-Dirac integrals. Comput. Phys. Comm. 55 (2), pp. 127–136.
  • G. Pólya (1949) Remarks on computing the probability integral in one and two dimensions. In Proceedings of the Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1945, 1946, pp. 63–78.
  • 8: Bibliography S
  • R. P. Sagar (1991a) A Gaussian quadrature for the calculation of generalized Fermi-Dirac integrals. Comput. Phys. Comm. 66 (2-3), pp. 271–275.
  • R. P. Sagar (1991b) On the evaluation of the Fermi-Dirac integrals. Astrophys. J. 376 (1, part 1), pp. 364–366.
  • M. R. Schroeder (2006) Number Theory in Science and Communication: With Applications in Cryptography, Physics, Digital Information, Computing, and Self-Similarity. 4th edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • I. Shavitt (1963) The Gaussian Function in Calculations of Statistical Mechanics and Quantum Mechanics. In Methods in Computational Physics: Advances in Research and Applications, B. Alder, S. Fernbach, and M. Rotenberg (Eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 1–45.
  • I. A. Stegun and R. Zucker (1976) Automatic computing methods for special functions. III. The sine, cosine, exponential integrals, and related functions. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect. B 80B (2), pp. 291–311.
  • 9: Bibliography T
  • N. M. Temme and A. B. Olde Daalhuis (1990) Uniform asymptotic approximation of Fermi-Dirac integrals. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 31 (3), pp. 383–387.
  • J. S. Thompson (1996) High Speed Numerical Integration of Fermi Dirac Integrals. Master’s Thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.
  • Go. Torres-Vega, J. D. Morales-Guzmán, and A. Zúñiga-Segundo (1998) Special functions in phase space: Mathieu functions. J. Phys. A 31 (31), pp. 6725–6739.
  • A. Trellakis, A. T. Galick, and U. Ravaioli (1997) Rational Chebyshev approximation for the Fermi-Dirac integral F 3 / 2 ( x ) . Solid–State Electronics 41 (5), pp. 771–773.
  • C. Truesdell (1945) On a function which occurs in the theory of the structure of polymers. Ann. of Math. (2) 46, pp. 144–157.
  • 10: Bibliography N
  • A. Nakamura (1996) Toda equation and its solutions in special functions. J. Phys. Soc. Japan 65 (6), pp. 1589–1597.
  • A. Natarajan and N. Mohankumar (1993) On the numerical evaluation of the generalised Fermi-Dirac integrals. Comput. Phys. Comm. 76 (1), pp. 48–50.
  • T. D. Newton (1952) Coulomb Functions for Large Values of the Parameter η . Technical report Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Chalk River, Ontario.
  • J. F. Nye (2006) Dislocation lines in the hyperbolic umbilic diffraction catastrophe. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 462, pp. 2299–2313.
  • J. F. Nye (2007) Dislocation lines in the swallowtail diffraction catastrophe. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 463, pp. 343–355.