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21: 8.22 Mathematical Applications
plays a fundamental role in re-expansions of remainder terms in asymptotic expansions, including exponentially-improved expansions and a smooth interpretation of the Stokes phenomenon. …
§8.22(ii) Riemann Zeta Function and Incomplete Riemann Zeta Function
so that lim x ζ x ( s ) = ζ ( s ) , then …For further information on ζ x ( s ) , including zeros and uniform asymptotic approximations, see Kölbig (1970, 1972a) and Dunster (2006). The Debye functions 0 x t n ( e t 1 ) 1 d t and x t n ( e t 1 ) 1 d t are closely related to the incomplete Riemann zeta function and the Riemann zeta function. …
22: 18.32 OP’s with Respect to Freud Weights
§18.32 OP’s with Respect to Freud Weights
where Q ( x ) is real, even, nonnegative, and continuously differentiable, where x Q ( x ) increases for x > 0 , and Q ( x ) as x , see Freud (1969). …However, for asymptotic approximations in terms of elementary functions for the OP’s, and also for their largest zeros, see Levin and Lubinsky (2001) and Nevai (1986). For a uniform asymptotic expansion in terms of Airy functions (§9.2) for the OP’s in the case Q ( x ) = x 4 see Bo and Wong (1999). For asymptotic approximations to OP’s that correspond to Freud weights with more general functions Q ( x ) see Deift et al. (1999a, b), Bleher and Its (1999), and Kriecherbauer and McLaughlin (1999). …
23: 2.8 Differential Equations with a Parameter
Zeros of f ( z ) are also called turning points. … In both cases uniform asymptotic approximations are obtained in terms of Bessel functions of order 1 / ( λ + 2 ) . … For further examples of uniform asymptotic approximations in terms of parabolic cylinder functions see §§13.20(iii), 13.20(iv), 14.15(v), 15.12(iii), 18.24. For further examples of uniform asymptotic approximations in terms of Bessel functions or modified Bessel functions of variable order see §§13.21(ii), 14.15(ii), 14.15(iv), 14.20(viii), 30.9(i), 30.9(ii). For examples of uniform asymptotic approximations in terms of Whittaker functions with fixed second parameter see §18.15(i) and §28.8(iv). …
24: 2.4 Contour Integrals
§2.4(i) Watson’s Lemma
Furthermore, as t 0 + , q ( t ) has the expansion (2.3.7). … For examples see Olver (1997b, pp. 315–320).
§2.4(iii) Laplace’s Method
§2.4(v) Coalescing Saddle Points: Chester, Friedman, and Ursell’s Method
25: 25.16 Mathematical Applications
In studying the distribution of primes p x , Chebyshev (1851) introduced a function ψ ( x ) (not to be confused with the digamma function used elsewhere in this chapter), given by …which is related to the Riemann zeta function by …where the sum is taken over the nontrivial zeros ρ of ζ ( s ) . The prime number theorem (27.2.3) is equivalent to the statement … The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the statement …
26: Bibliography C
  • F. Calogero (1978) Asymptotic behaviour of the zeros of the (generalized) Laguerre polynomial L n α ( x )  as the index α  and limiting formula relating Laguerre polynomials of large index and large argument to Hermite polynomials. Lett. Nuovo Cimento (2) 23 (3), pp. 101–102.
  • B. C. Carlson and J. L. Gustafson (1994) Asymptotic approximations for symmetric elliptic integrals. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 25 (2), pp. 288–303.
  • Y. Chen and M. E. H. Ismail (1998) Asymptotics of the largest zeros of some orthogonal polynomials. J. Phys. A 31 (25), pp. 5525–5544.
  • E. W. Cheney (1982) Introduction to Approximation Theory. 2nd edition, Chelsea Publishing Co., New York.
  • J. A. Cochran (1963) Further formulas for calculating approximate values of the zeros of certain combinations of Bessel functions. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 11 (6), pp. 546–547.
  • 27: 10.72 Mathematical Applications
    Bessel functions and modified Bessel functions are often used as approximants in the construction of uniform asymptotic approximations and expansions for solutions of linear second-order differential equations containing a parameter. … If f ( z ) has a double zero z 0 , or more generally z 0 is a zero of order m , m = 2 , 3 , 4 , , then uniform asymptotic approximations (but not expansions) can be constructed in terms of Bessel functions, or modified Bessel functions, of order 1 / ( m + 2 ) . … These asymptotic expansions are uniform with respect to z , including cut neighborhoods of z 0 , and again the region of uniformity often includes cut neighborhoods of other singularities of the differential equation. … Then for large u asymptotic approximations of the solutions w can be constructed in terms of Bessel functions, or modified Bessel functions, of variable order (in fact the order depends on u and α ). These approximations are uniform with respect to both z and α , including z = z 0 ( a ) , the cut neighborhood of z = 0 , and α = a . …
    28: 12.11 Zeros
    §12.11 Zeros
    §12.11(ii) Asymptotic Expansions of Large Zeros
    When a > 1 2 the zeros are asymptotically given by z a , s and z a , s ¯ , where s is a large positive integer and …
    §12.11(iii) Asymptotic Expansions for Large Parameter
    For large negative values of a the real zeros of U ( a , x ) , U ( a , x ) , V ( a , x ) , and V ( a , x ) can be approximated by reversion of the Airy-type asymptotic expansions of §§12.10(vii) and 12.10(viii). …
    29: Bibliography B
  • P. Baratella and L. Gatteschi (1988) The Bounds for the Error Term of an Asymptotic Approximation of Jacobi Polynomials. In Orthogonal Polynomials and Their Applications (Segovia, 1986), Lecture Notes in Math., Vol. 1329, pp. 203–221.
  • M. V. Berry and J. P. Keating (1999) The Riemann zeros and eigenvalue asymptotics. SIAM Rev. 41 (2), pp. 236–266.
  • C. Bingham, T. Chang, and D. Richards (1992) Approximating the matrix Fisher and Bingham distributions: Applications to spherical regression and Procrustes analysis. J. Multivariate Anal. 41 (2), pp. 314–337.
  • R. Bo and R. Wong (1996) Asymptotic behavior of the Pollaczek polynomials and their zeros. Stud. Appl. Math. 96, pp. 307–338.
  • W. G. C. Boyd (1995) Approximations for the late coefficients in asymptotic expansions arising in the method of steepest descents. Methods Appl. Anal. 2 (4), pp. 475–489.
  • 30: 18.35 Pollaczek Polynomials
    The type 2 polynomials reduce for a = b = 0 to ultraspherical polynomials, see (18.35.8). … we have the explicit representations … For type 3 orthogonality (18.35.5) generalizes toSee Bo and Wong (1996) for an asymptotic expansion of P n ( 1 2 ) ( cos ( n 1 2 θ ) ; a , b ) as n , with a and b fixed. …Also included is an asymptotic approximation for the zeros of P n ( 1 2 ) ( cos ( n 1 2 θ ) ; a , b ) . …