KP equation

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1: 30.2 Differential Equations

§30.2 Differential Equations

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§30.2(i) Spheroidal Differential Equation

… ► … ►The Liouville normal form of equation (30.2.1) is … ►

§30.2(iii) Special Cases

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2: 31.2 Differential Equations

§31.2 Differential Equations

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§31.2(i) Heun’s Equation

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31.2.1 $$\frac{d^{2}w}{{dz}^2}+\left(\frac{\gamma }{z}+\frac{\delta }{z-1}+\frac{ϵ}{z-a}\right)\frac{dw}{dz}+\frac{\alpha \beta z-q}{z(z-1)(z-a)}w=0,$$ $\alpha +\beta +1=\gamma +\delta +ϵ$.

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex variable, $\gamma$: real or complex parameter, $\delta$: real or complex parameter, $ϵ$: real or complex parameter, $a$: complex parameter, $q$: real or complex parameter, $\alpha$: real or complex parameter and $\beta$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§29.2(ii), §31.11(iii), §31.12, §31.13, §31.14(i), §31.17(i), §31.18, §31.2(v), §31.2(v), §31.2(v), §31.2(i), §31.3(i), §31.3(i), §31.3(ii), §31.3(ii), §31.3(ii), §31.3(iii), §31.3(iii), §31.4, §31.5, §31.6, §31.7(ii), §31.8, §31.8, §31.8

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/31.2.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §31.2(i), §31.2 and Ch.31

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§31.2(v) Heun’s Equation Automorphisms

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Composite Transformations

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3: 29.2 Differential Equations

§29.2 Differential Equations

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§29.2(i) Lamé’s Equation

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§29.2(ii) Other Forms

… ►Equation (29.2.10) is a special case of Heun’s equation (31.2.1).

4: 15.10 Hypergeometric Differential Equation

§15.10 Hypergeometric Differential Equation

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§15.10(i) Fundamental Solutions

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15.10.1 $$z(1-z)\frac{d^{2}w}{{dz}^2}+\left(c-(a+b+1)z\right)\frac{dw}{dz}-abw=0.$$

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Symbols:

$\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter, $b$: real or complex parameter and $c$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§15.11(i), §15.11(i), §15.17(ii), §15.19(ii), §15.2(ii), §15.5(ii), §16.13, §17.6(iv), §19.18(ii), §19.4(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.10.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §15.10(i), §15.10 and Ch.15

►This is the hypergeometric differential equation. … ► …

5: 32.2 Differential Equations

§32.2 Differential Equations

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§32.2(i) Introduction

►The six Painlevé equations ${\text{P}}_{\text{I}}$–${\text{P}}_{\text{VI}}$ are as follows: … ►

§32.2(ii) Renormalizations

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6: 28.2 Definitions and Basic Properties

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§28.2(i) Mathieu’s Equation

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28.2.1 $$w^{\prime \prime }+(a-2q\cos \left(2z\right))w=0.$$

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Symbols:

$\cos z$: cosine function, $q=h^2$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution

A&S Ref:

20.3.1 20.1.1 (in slightly different form)

Referenced by:

§1.18(vii), Figure 28.17.1, Figure 28.17.1, §28.17, §28.17, §28.2(ii), §28.2(ii), §28.2(iii), §28.2(iv), §28.20(i), §28.29(i), §28.32(i), §28.32(i), 1st item, 2nd item, §28.33(iii), item (a), item (c), item (c), §28.5(i), §28.8(iv), §28.8(iv), §28.8(iv), §30.2(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.2.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §28.2(i), §28.2 and Ch.28

… ►This is the characteristic equation of Mathieu’s equation (28.2.1). … ►

§28.2(iv) Floquet Solutions

… ► …

7: 28.20 Definitions and Basic Properties

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§28.20(i) Modified Mathieu’s Equation

►When $z$ is replaced by $\pm \mathrm{i}z$, (28.2.1) becomes the modified Mathieu’s equation: ►

28.20.1 $$w^{\prime \prime }-\left(a-2q\cosh \left(2z\right)\right)w=0,$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $q=h^2$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution

A&S Ref:

20.1.2 (in slightly different form) 20.8.6

Referenced by:

§28.20(iii), §28.32(i), 1st item, 2nd item, item (b), §28.8(iv), §28.8(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.20.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §28.20(i), §28.20 and Ch.28

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28.20.2 $$({\zeta }^2-1)w^{\prime \prime }+\zeta w^{\prime }+\left(4q{\zeta }^2-2q-a\right)w=0,$$ $\zeta =\cosh z$.

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $q=h^2$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution

Referenced by:

§28.20(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.20.E2

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §28.20(i), §28.20 and Ch.28

… ►Then from §2.7(ii) it is seen that equation (28.20.2) has independent and unique solutions that are asymptotic to ${\zeta }^{1/2}{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm 2\mathrm{i}h\zeta }$ as $\zeta \to \mathrm{\infty }$ in the respective sectors $|\mathrm{ph}\left(\mp \mathrm{i}\zeta \right)|\le \frac{3}{2}\pi -\delta$, $\delta$ being an arbitrary small positive constant. …

8: 21.9 Integrable Equations

… ►Particularly important for the use of Riemann theta functions is the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation, which describes the propagation of two-dimensional, long-wave length surface waves in shallow water (Ablowitz and Segur (1981, Chapter 4)): …The KP equation has a class of quasi-periodic solutions described by Riemann theta functions, given by … … ►Furthermore, the solutions of the KP equation solve the Schottky problem: this is the question concerning conditions that a Riemann matrix needs to satisfy in order to be associated with a Riemann surface (Schottky (1903)). Following the work of Krichever (1976), Novikov conjectured that the Riemann theta function in (21.9.4) gives rise to a solution of the KP equation (21.9.3) if, and only if, the theta function originates from a Riemann surface; see Dubrovin (1981, §IV.4). …

9: Bibliography D

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Unification of one-dimensional Fokker-Planck equations beyond hypergeometrics: Factorizer solution method and eigenvalue schemes. Phys. Rev. E (3) 57 (1), pp. 252–275.

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External Links:

ISSN 1063-651X, Document, MathReview (Victor I. Stepanov), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§31.17(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Formes canoniques des équations confluentes de l’équation de Heun. Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles Sér. I 92 (1-2), pp. 53–78.

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External Links:

MathReview (A. E. Danese), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§31.12.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Sur les équations confluentes de l’équation de Heun. Ann. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles Sér. I 92 (3), pp. 151–189.

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External Links:

ISSN 0037-959X, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§31.12.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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The KP equation with quasiperiodic initial data. Phys. D 123 (1-4), pp. 123–152.

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Notes:

Nonlinear waves and solitons in physical systems (Los Alamos, NM, 1997)

External Links:

ISSN 0167-2789, Document, MathReview (Pavel Krejčí), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§21.9.

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Pole dynamics for elliptic solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation. Math. Phys. Anal. Geom. 3 (1), pp. 49–74.

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External Links:

ISSN 1385-0172, Document, MathReview (Giulio Soliani), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§23.21(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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10: 28.18 Integrals and Integral Equations

§28.18 Integrals and Integral Equations

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