Gauss transformations

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11: 31.7 Relations to Other Functions

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§31.7(i) Reductions to the Gauss Hypergeometric Function

… ►Other reductions of $H\mathrm{\ell }$ to a ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}$, with at least one free parameter, exist iff the pair $(a,p)$ takes one of a finite number of values, where $q=\alpha \beta p$. …They are analogous to quadratic and cubic hypergeometric transformations (§§15.8(iii)–15.8(v)). … ►Joyce (1994) gives a reduction in which the independent variable is transformed not polynomially or rationally, but algebraically. … ►The solutions (31.3.1) and (31.3.5) transform into even and odd solutions of Lamé’s equation, respectively. …

12: 35.7 Gaussian Hypergeometric Function of Matrix Argument

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Transformations of Parameters

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Gauss Formula

… ►Subject to the conditions (a)–(c), the function $f(𝐓)={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;𝐓)$ is the unique solution of each partial differential equation … ►Systems of partial differential equations for the ${}_0{}^{}F_1^{}$ (defined in §35.8) and ${}_1{}^{}F_1^{}$ functions of matrix argument can be obtained by applying (35.8.9) and (35.8.10) to (35.7.9). … ►

35.7.10 $${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\alpha a,\alpha b}{\alpha c};𝐓)$$

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Symbols:

${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q;𝐓)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q};𝐓)$: generalized hypergeometric function of matrix argument, $a$: complex variable, $𝐓$: real symmetric $m\times m$ matrix, $b$: complex variable, $c$: complex variable and $\alpha \to \mathrm{\infty }$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/35.7.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §35.7(iv), §35.7 and Ch.35

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13: 16.24 Physical Applications

… ►They can be expressed as ${}_3{}^{}F_2^{}$ functions with unit argument. The coefficients of transformations between different coupling schemes of three angular momenta are related to the Wigner $\mathit{6}j$ symbols. These are balanced ${}_4{}^{}F_3^{}$ functions with unit argument. Lastly, special cases of the $\mathit{9}j$ symbols are ${}_5{}^{}F_4^{}$ functions with unit argument. …

14: 13.23 Integrals

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13.23.1 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-zt}{t}^{\nu -1}{M}_{\kappa ,\mu }\left(t\right)dt=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mu +\nu +\frac{1}{2}\right)}{{\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\right)}^{\mu +\nu +\frac{1}{2}}}{}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\frac{1}{2}+\mu -\kappa ,\frac{1}{2}+\mu +\nu }{1+2\mu };\frac{1}{z+\frac{1}{2}}),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }\mu +\nu +\frac{1}{2}>0$, $\mathrm{\Re }z>\frac{1}{2}$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$: $=F(a,b;c;z)$ notation for Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $M_{\kappa ,\mu }\left(z\right)$: Whittaker confluent hypergeometric function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $z$: complex variable

Keywords:

Laplace transform, Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§13.23(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/13.23.E1

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §13.23(i), §13.23 and Ch.13

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15: 3.5 Quadrature

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§3.5(v) Gauss Quadrature

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Gauss–Legendre Formula

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Gauss–Chebyshev Formula

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Gauss–Jacobi Formula

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Gauss–Laguerre Formula

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16: 18.17 Integrals

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18.17.40 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-ax}{L}_n^{(\alpha )}\left(bx\right)x^{z-1}dx=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z+n\right)}{n!}{(a-b)}^n{a}^{-n-z}{}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-n,1+\alpha -z}{1-n-z};\frac{a}{a-b}),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$, $\mathrm{\Re }z>0$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$: $=F(a,b;c;z)$ notation for Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $L_n^{(\alpha )}\left(x\right)$: Laguerre (or generalized Laguerre) polynomial, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $z$: complex variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Keywords:

Laplace transform, Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§18.17(vii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.17.E40

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §18.17(vii), §18.17(vii), §18.17 and Ch.18

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18.17.41 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-ax}{\mathrm{𝐻𝑒}}_n\left(x\right)x^{z-1}dx=\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z+n\right)a^{-n-2}{}_2{}^{}F_2^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-\frac{1}{2}n,-\frac{1}{2}n+\frac{1}{2}}{-\frac{1}{2}z-\frac{1}{2}n,-\frac{1}{2}z-\frac{1}{2}n+\frac{1}{2}};-\frac{1}{2}{a}^2),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$. Also, $\mathrm{\Re }z>0$, $n$ even; $\mathrm{\Re }z>-1$, $n$ odd.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p;b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a_1,\mathrm{\dots },a_p}{b_1,\mathrm{\dots },b_q};z)$: alternatively ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(𝐚;𝐛;z)$ or ${}_p{}^{}F_q^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{𝐚}{𝐛};z)$
generalized hypergeometric function, ${\mathrm{𝐻𝑒}}_n\left(x\right)$: Hermite polynomial, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $z$: complex variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

Keywords:

Laplace transform, Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§18.17(vii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.17.E41

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §18.17(vii), §18.17(vii), §18.17 and Ch.18

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17: 15.8 Transformations of Variable

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15.8.28 $$\frac{2\sqrt{z}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a+b-\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(b-\frac{1}{2}\right)}F(a,b;\frac{3}{2};z)=F(2a-1,2b-1;a+b-\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{z})-F(2a-1,2b-1;a+b-\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{z}),$$ , .

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $F(a,b;c;z)$ or $F(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Gauss’ hypergeometric function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $b$: real or complex parameter

Referenced by:

§15.4(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/15.8.E28

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §15.8(iii), §15.8(iii), §15.8 and Ch.15

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18: 15.19 Methods of Computation

… ►The Gauss series (15.2.1) converges for . … ►Large values of $|a|$ or $|b|$, for example, delay convergence of the Gauss series, and may also lead to severe cancellation. … ►Gauss quadrature approximations are discussed in Gautschi (2002b). … ►For example, in the half-plane $\mathrm{\Re }z\le \frac{1}{2}$ we can use (15.12.2) or (15.12.3) to compute $F(a,b;c+N+1;z)$ and $F(a,b;c+N;z)$, where $N$ is a large positive integer, and then apply (15.5.18) in the backward direction. … …

19: 15.12 Asymptotic Approximations

… ►By combination of the foregoing results of this subsection with the linear transformations of §15.8(i) and the connection formulas of §15.10(ii), similar asymptotic approximations for $F(a+e_1\lambda ,b+e_2\lambda ;c+e_3\lambda ;z)$ can be obtained with $e_j=\pm 1$ or $0$, $j=1,2,3$. …

20: 18.3 Definitions

… ►Formula (18.3.1) can be understood as a Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature, see (3.5.22), (3.5.23). It is also related to a discrete Fourier-cosine transform, see Britanak et al. (2007). …