Euler–Maclaurin

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1: 24.17 Mathematical Applications

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Euler–Maclaurin Summation Formula

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2: 25.2 Definition and Expansions

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§25.2(iii) Representations by the Euler–Maclaurin Formula

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25.2.8 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\sum _{k=1}^N\frac{1}{k^s}+\frac{N^{1-s}}{s-1}-s{\int }_N^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{x-\lfloor x\rfloor }{x^{s+1}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>0$, $N=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\lfloor x\rfloor$: floor of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Source:

Apostol (1976, (25), p. 269)

Proof sketch:

Derivable from Apostol (1976, Theorem 12.21, p. 269) by setting $a=1$ and $N\mapsto N-1$.

A&S Ref:

23.2.9

Referenced by:

(25.2.9)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.2(iii), §25.2 and Ch.25

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25.2.9 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\sum _{k=1}^N\frac{1}{k^s}+\frac{N^{1-s}}{s-1}-\frac{1}{2}{N}^{-s}+\sum _{k=1}^n\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2k-2}{2k-1}\right)\frac{B_{2k}}{2k}{N}^{1-s-2k}-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2n}{2n+1}\right){\int }_N^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_{2n+1}\left(x\right)}{x^{s+2n+1}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>-2n$; $n,N=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Proof sketch:

Derivable from (25.2.8) by repeated integration by parts.

Referenced by:

§25.18(i), (25.2.10)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.2(iii), §25.2 and Ch.25

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25.2.10 $$\zeta \left(s\right)=\frac{1}{s-1}+\frac{1}{2}+\sum _{k=1}^n\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2k-2}{2k-1}\right)\frac{B_{2k}}{2k}-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2n}{2n+1}\right){\int }_1^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_{2n+1}\left(x\right)}{x^{s+2n+1}}dx,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>-2n$, $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula

Proof sketch:

Derivable from (25.2.9) with $N=1$.

A&S Ref:

23.2.3

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.2.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.2(iii), §25.2 and Ch.25

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3: 2.10 Sums and Sequences

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§2.10(i) Euler–Maclaurin Formula

… ►This is the Euler–Maclaurin formula. … ►In both expansions the remainder term is bounded in absolute value by the first neglected term in the sum, and has the same sign, provided that in the case of (2.10.7), truncation takes place at $s=2m-1$, where $m$ is any positive integer satisfying $m\ge \frac{1}{2}(\alpha +1)$. ►For extensions of the Euler–Maclaurin formula to functions $f(x)$ with singularities at $x=a$ or $x=n$ (or both) see Sidi (2004, 2012b, 2012a). … ► …

4: Bibliography E

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The Euler-Maclaurin formula revisited. J. Austral. Math. Soc. Ser. B 40 (E), pp. E27–E76 (electronic).

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External Links:

ISSN 0334-2700, FullText, MathReview (J. Németh), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.10(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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5: 25.11 Hurwitz Zeta Function

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§25.11(iii) Representations by the Euler–Maclaurin Formula

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25.11.5 $$\zeta (s,a)=\sum _{n=0}^N\frac{1}{{(n+a)}^s}+\frac{{(N+a)}^{1-s}}{s-1}-s{\int }_N^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{x-\lfloor x\rfloor }{{(x+a)}^{s+1}}dx,$$ $s\ne 1$, $\mathrm{\Re }s>0$, $a>0$, $N=0,1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\lfloor x\rfloor$: floor of $x$ , $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Source:

Apostol (1976, (25), p. 269)

Referenced by:

(25.11.7)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(iii), §25.11 and Ch.25

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25.11.6 $$\zeta (s,a)=\frac{1}{a^s}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{a}{s-1}\right)-\frac{s(s+1)}{2}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{{(x+a)}^{s+2}}dx,$$ $s\ne 1$, $\mathrm{\Re }s>-1$, $a>0$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Source:

Apostol (1985a, (25), p. 231)

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.12) for Equations (25.11.6), (25.11.19), and (25.11.20)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Errata (effective with 1.0.12):

Originally the integrand was incorrect because its numerator contained the function ${\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)$. The correct function is $\frac{{\tilde{B}}_2\left(x\right)-B_2}{2}$.

Reported 2016-05-08 by Clemens Heuberger

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(iii), §25.11 and Ch.25

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25.11.7 $$\zeta (s,a)=\frac{1}{a^s}+\frac{1}{{(1+a)}^s}\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1+a}{s-1}\right)+\sum _{k=1}^n\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2k-2}{2k-1}\right)\frac{B_{2k}}{2k}\frac{1}{{(1+a)}^{s+2k-1}}-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s+2n}{2n+1}\right){\int }_1^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\tilde{B}}_{2n+1}\left(x\right)}{{(x+a)}^{s+2n+1}}dx,$$ $s\ne 1$, $a>0$, $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$, $\mathrm{\Re }s>-2n$.

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Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral, ${\tilde{B}}_n\left(x\right)$: periodic Bernoulli functions, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Euler–Maclaurin formula, improper integral

Proof sketch:

Derivable from (25.11.5) by setting $N=1$ and repeatedly integrating by parts using (1.2.6), (24.2.2), (24.2.4), (24.2.11), (24.2.12), (24.4.34).

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(iii), §25.11 and Ch.25

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6: Bibliography S

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Euler-Maclaurin expansions for integrals with endpoint singularities: A new perspective. Numer. Math. 98 (2), pp. 371–387.

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External Links:

ISSN 0029-599X, Document, MathReview (Iulian Coroian), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.10(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Euler-Maclaurin expansions for integrals with arbitrary algebraic endpoint singularities. Math. Comp. 81 (280), pp. 2159–2173.

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External Links:

ISSN 0025-5718, Document, Link, MathReview (Vittoria Demichelis), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.10(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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Euler-Maclaurin expansions for integrals with arbitrary algebraic-logarithmic endpoint singularities. Constr. Approx. 36 (3), pp. 331–352.

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External Links:

ISSN 0176-4276, Document, Link, MathReview (Razvan A. Mezei), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.10(i).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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7: Bibliography H

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An Euler-Maclaurin-type formula involving conjugate Bernoulli polynomials and an application to $\zeta (2m+1)$ . Commun. Appl. Anal. 1 (1), pp. 15–32.

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External Links:

ISSN 1083-2564, MathReview (Pavel Guerzhoy), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.16(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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8: Bibliography B

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Character analogues of the Poisson and Euler-MacLaurin summation formulas with applications. J. Number Theory 7 (4), pp. 413–445.

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External Links:

Document, MathReview (T. M. Apostol), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.16(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

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9: 5.7 Series Expansions

… ►For 20D numerical values of the coefficients of the Maclaurin series for $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z+3\right)$ see Luke (1969b, p. 299). …

10: 3.5 Quadrature

… ►If $k$ in (3.5.4) is not arbitrarily large, and if odd-order derivatives of $f$ are known at the end points $a$ and $b$, then the composite trapezoidal rule can be improved by means of the Euler–Maclaurin formula (§2.10(i)). …