贝尔法斯特圣玛丽学院国际商务文凭证书【购证 微kaa77788】pi/2

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1: 4.25 Continued Fractions

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4.25.1 $$\tan z=\frac{z}{1-}\frac{z^2}{3-}\frac{z^2}{5-}\frac{z^2}{7-}\mathrm{\cdots },$$ $z\ne \pm \frac{1}{2}\pi$, $\pm \frac{3}{2}\pi$, $\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\tan z$: tangent function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.3.94

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

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4.25.2 $$\tan \left(az\right)=\frac{a\tan z}{1+}\frac{(1-a^2){\tan }^{2}z}{3+}\frac{(4-a^2){\tan }^{2}z}{5+}\frac{(9-a^2){\tan }^{2}z}{7+}\mathrm{\cdots },$$ , $az\ne \pm \frac{1}{2}\pi ,\pm \frac{3}{2}\pi ,\mathrm{\dots }$.

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $\tan z$: tangent function, $a$: real or complex constant and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

4.3.95

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/4.25.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §4.25 and Ch.4

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2: 19.5 Maclaurin and Related Expansions

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19.5.1 $$K\left(k\right)=\frac{\pi }{2}\sum _{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_m{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_m}{m!m!}{k}^{2m}=\frac{\pi }{2}{}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}}{1};k^2),$$

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Symbols:

${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$: $=F(a,b;c;z)$ notation for Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $m$: nonnegative integer and $k$: real or complex modulus

Source:

Carlson (1961b, (2.4))

Referenced by:

§19.36(iv), §19.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.5.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.5 and Ch.19

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19.5.2 $$E\left(k\right)=\frac{\pi }{2}\sum _{m=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)}_m{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_m}{m!m!}{k}^{2m}=\frac{\pi }{2}{}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}}{1};k^2),$$

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Symbols:

${}_2{}^{}F_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$: $=F(a,b;c;z)$ notation for Gauss’ hypergeometric function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $E\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the second kind, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $m$: nonnegative integer and $k$: real or complex modulus

Source:

Carlson (1961b, (2.5))

Referenced by:

§19.36(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.5.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.5 and Ch.19

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19.5.4 $$\mathrm{\Pi }({\alpha }^2,k)=\frac{\pi }{2}\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_n}{n!}\sum _{m=0}^n\frac{{\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_m}{m!}{k}^{2m}{\alpha }^{2n-2m}=\frac{\pi }{2}{F}_1(\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2},1;1;k^2,{\alpha }^2),$$

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Symbols:

$F_1(\alpha ;\beta ,{\beta }^{\prime };\gamma ;x,y)$: first Appell function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{\Pi }({\alpha }^2,k)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the third kind, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $k$: real or complex modulus and ${\alpha }^2$: real or complex parameter

Source:

Carlson (1961b, (2.10))

Referenced by:

§19.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.5.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.5 and Ch.19

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19.5.8 $$K\left(k\right)=\frac{\pi }{2}{\left(1+2\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{q}^{n^2}\right)}^2,$$ ,

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $q$: nome, $n$: nonnegative integer and $k$: real or complex modulus

Referenced by:

§19.5, §19.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.5.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.5 and Ch.19

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19.5.10 $$K\left(k\right)=\frac{\pi }{2}\prod _{m=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}(1+k_m),$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $m$: nonnegative integer and $k$: real or complex modulus

Referenced by:

§19.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/19.5.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §19.5 and Ch.19

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3: 10.65 Power Series

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${\mathrm{ber}}_{\nu }x={(\frac{1}{2}x)}^{\nu }{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}}{\displaystyle \frac{\cos \left(\frac{3}{4}\nu \pi +\frac{1}{2}k\pi \right)}{k!\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu +k+1\right)}}{(\frac{1}{4}{x}^2)}^k,$

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${\mathrm{bei}}_{\nu }x={(\frac{1}{2}x)}^{\nu }{\displaystyle \sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}}{\displaystyle \frac{\sin \left(\frac{3}{4}\nu \pi +\frac{1}{2}k\pi \right)}{k!\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu +k+1\right)}}{(\frac{1}{4}{x}^2)}^k.$

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10.65.3 $${\ker }_{n}x=\frac{1}{2}{(\frac{1}{2}x)}^{-n}\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{(n-k-1)!}{k!}\cos \left(\frac{3}{4}n\pi +\frac{1}{2}k\pi \right){(\frac{1}{4}{x}^2)}^k-\ln \left(\frac{1}{2}x\right){\mathrm{ber}}_{n}x+\frac{1}{4}\pi {\mathrm{bei}}_{n}x+\frac{1}{2}{(\frac{1}{2}x)}^n\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\psi \left(k+1\right)+\psi \left(n+k+1\right)}{k!(n+k)!}\cos \left(\frac{3}{4}n\pi +\frac{1}{2}k\pi \right){(\frac{1}{4}{x}^2)}^k,$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{bei}}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, ${\mathrm{ber}}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, ${\ker }_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $n$: integer, $k$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

9.9.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.65.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.65(ii), §10.65 and Ch.10

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10.65.4 $${\mathrm{kei}}_{n}x=-\frac{1}{2}{(\frac{1}{2}x)}^{-n}\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{(n-k-1)!}{k!}\sin \left(\frac{3}{4}n\pi +\frac{1}{2}k\pi \right){(\frac{1}{4}{x}^2)}^k-\ln \left(\frac{1}{2}x\right){\mathrm{bei}}_{n}x-\frac{1}{4}\pi {\mathrm{ber}}_{n}x+\frac{1}{2}{(\frac{1}{2}x)}^n\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\psi \left(k+1\right)+\psi \left(n+k+1\right)}{k!(n+k)!}\sin \left(\frac{3}{4}n\pi +\frac{1}{2}k\pi \right){(\frac{1}{4}{x}^2)}^k.$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{bei}}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, ${\mathrm{ber}}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, ${\mathrm{kei}}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $\sin z$: sine function, $n$: integer, $k$: nonnegative integer and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

9.9.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.65.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.65(ii), §10.65 and Ch.10

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4: 5.4 Special Values and Extrema

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5.4.16 $$\mathrm{\Im }\psi \left(\mathrm{i}y\right)=\frac{1}{2y}+\frac{\pi }{2}\coth \left(\pi y\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $\coth z$: hyperbolic cotangent function, $\mathrm{\Im }$: imaginary part, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit and $y$: real variable

A&S Ref:

6.3.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/5.4.E16

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §5.4(ii), §5.4 and Ch.5

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5.4.17 $$\mathrm{\Im }\psi \left(\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{i}y\right)=\frac{\pi }{2}\tanh \left(\pi y\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $\mathrm{\Im }$: imaginary part, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit and $y$: real variable

A&S Ref:

6.3.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/5.4.E17

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §5.4(ii), §5.4 and Ch.5

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5.4.18 $$\mathrm{\Im }\psi \left(1+\mathrm{i}y\right)=-\frac{1}{2y}+\frac{\pi }{2}\coth \left(\pi y\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $\coth z$: hyperbolic cotangent function, $\mathrm{\Im }$: imaginary part, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit and $y$: real variable

A&S Ref:

6.3.13

Referenced by:

§5.4(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/5.4.E18

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §5.4(ii), §5.4 and Ch.5

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5.4.19 $$\psi \left(\frac{p}{q}\right)=-\gamma -\ln q-\frac{\pi }{2}\cot \left(\frac{\pi p}{q}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\sum _{k=1}^{q-1}\cos \left(\frac{2\pi kp}{q}\right)\ln \left(2-2\cos \left(\frac{2\pi k}{q}\right)\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\cot z$: cotangent function, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $q$: real or complex variable and $k$: nonnegative integer

Referenced by:

§5.19(i), §5.4(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/5.4.E19

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §5.4(ii), §5.4 and Ch.5

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5: 10.15 Derivatives with Respect to Order

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10.15.3 $${\frac{\partial J_{\nu }\left(z\right)}{\partial \nu }|}_{\nu =n}=\frac{\pi }{2}{Y}_n\left(z\right)+\frac{n!}{2{(\frac{1}{2}z)}^n}\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{{(\frac{1}{2}z)}^k{J}_k\left(z\right)}{k!(n-k)}.$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $n$: integer, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

9.1.66

Referenced by:

§10.15, §10.15, §10.38

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.15.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.15, §10.15 and Ch.10

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10.15.4 $${\frac{\partial Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)}{\partial \nu }|}_{\nu =n}=-\frac{\pi }{2}{J}_n\left(z\right)+\frac{n!}{2{(\frac{1}{2}z)}^n}\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{{(\frac{1}{2}z)}^k{Y}_k\left(z\right)}{k!(n-k)},$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $n$: integer, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

9.1.67

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.15.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.15, §10.15 and Ch.10

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10.15.5 $${\frac{\partial J_{\nu }\left(z\right)}{\partial \nu }|}_{\nu =0}=\frac{\pi }{2}{Y}_0\left(z\right),{\frac{\partial Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)}{\partial \nu }|}_{\nu =0}=-\frac{\pi }{2}{J}_0\left(z\right).$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

9.1.68

Referenced by:

§10.15, §10.38

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.15.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.15, §10.15 and Ch.10

…

6: 20.2 Definitions and Periodic Properties

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20.2.11 $${\theta }_1\left(z\right|\tau )=-{\theta }_2\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi \right|\tau )=-\mathrm{i}M{\theta }_4\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi \tau \right|\tau )=-\mathrm{i}M{\theta }_3\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi +\frac{1}{2}\pi \tau \right|\tau ),$$

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Symbols:

${\theta }_j\left(z\right|\tau )$: theta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex, $\tau$: lattice parameter and $M$

A&S Ref:

16.33.2 (in different notation)

Referenced by:

§20.7(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/20.2.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §20.2(iii), §20.2 and Ch.20

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20.2.12 $${\theta }_2\left(z\right|\tau )={\theta }_1\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi \right|\tau )=M{\theta }_3\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi \tau \right|\tau )=M{\theta }_4\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi +\frac{1}{2}\pi \tau \right|\tau ),$$

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Symbols:

${\theta }_j\left(z\right|\tau )$: theta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $z$: complex, $\tau$: lattice parameter and $M$

A&S Ref:

16.33.3 (in different notation)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/20.2.E12

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §20.2(iii), §20.2 and Ch.20

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20.2.13 $${\theta }_3\left(z\right|\tau )={\theta }_4\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi \right|\tau )=M{\theta }_2\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi \tau \right|\tau )=M{\theta }_1\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi +\frac{1}{2}\pi \tau \right|\tau ),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\theta }_j\left(z\right|\tau )$: theta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $z$: complex, $\tau$: lattice parameter and $M$

A&S Ref:

16.33.4 (in different notation)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/20.2.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §20.2(iii), §20.2 and Ch.20

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20.2.14 $${\theta }_4\left(z\right|\tau )={\theta }_3\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi \right|\tau )=-\mathrm{i}M{\theta }_1\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi \tau \right|\tau )=\mathrm{i}M{\theta }_2\left(z+\frac{1}{2}\pi +\frac{1}{2}\pi \tau \right|\tau ).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\theta }_j\left(z\right|\tau )$: theta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex, $\tau$: lattice parameter and $M$

Referenced by:

§20.7(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/20.2.E14

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §20.2(iii), §20.2 and Ch.20

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7: 28.22 Connection Formulas

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28.22.5 $$g_{e,2m}(h)={(-1)}^m\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi }}\frac{{\mathrm{ce}}_{2m}(\frac{1}{2}\pi ,h^2)}{A_0^{2m}(h^2)},$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{ce}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $m$: integer, $h$: parameter, $g_{e,n}(h)$, $g_{o,n}(h)$: joining factors and $A_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.22.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.22(i), §28.22 and Ch.28

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28.22.6 $$g_{e,2m+1}(h)={(-1)}^{m+1}\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi }}\frac{{\mathrm{ce}}_{2m+1}^{\prime }(\frac{1}{2}\pi ,h^2)}{h{A}_1^{2m+1}(h^2)},$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{ce}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $m$: integer, $h$: parameter, $g_{e,n}(h)$, $g_{o,n}(h)$: joining factors and $A_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.22.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.22(i), §28.22 and Ch.28

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28.22.7 $$g_{o,2m+1}(h)={(-1)}^m\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi }}\frac{{\mathrm{se}}_{2m+1}(\frac{1}{2}\pi ,h^2)}{h{B}_1^{2m+1}(h^2)},$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{se}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $m$: integer, $h$: parameter, $g_{e,n}(h)$, $g_{o,n}(h)$: joining factors and $B_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.22.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.22(i), §28.22 and Ch.28

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28.22.8 $$g_{o,2m+2}(h)={(-1)}^{m+1}\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi }}\frac{{\mathrm{se}}_{2m+2}^{\prime }(\frac{1}{2}\pi ,h^2)}{h^2{B}_2^{2m+2}(h^2)},$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{se}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $m$: integer, $h$: parameter, $g_{e,n}(h)$, $g_{o,n}(h)$: joining factors and $B_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.22.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.22(i), §28.22 and Ch.28

…

8: 22.11 Fourier and Hyperbolic Series

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22.11.3 $$\mathrm{dn}(z,k)=\frac{\pi }{2K}+\frac{2\pi }{K}\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{q^n\cos \left(2n\zeta \right)}{1+q^{2n}}.$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{dn}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\cos z$: cosine function, $q$: nome, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $\zeta$: change of variable

A&S Ref:

16.23.3

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.11.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.11 and Ch.22

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22.11.7 $$\mathrm{ns}(z,k)-\frac{\pi }{2K}\csc \zeta =\frac{2\pi }{K}\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{q^{2n+1}\sin \left((2n+1)\zeta \right)}{1-q^{2n+1}},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{ns}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\csc z$: cosecant function, $q$: nome, $\sin z$: sine function, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $\zeta$: change of variable

A&S Ref:

16.23.10

Referenced by:

§22.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.11 and Ch.22

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22.11.8 $$\mathrm{ds}(z,k)-\frac{\pi }{2K}\csc \zeta =-\frac{2\pi }{K}\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{q^{2n+1}\sin \left((2n+1)\zeta \right)}{1+q^{2n+1}},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{ds}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\csc z$: cosecant function, $q$: nome, $\sin z$: sine function, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $\zeta$: change of variable

A&S Ref:

16.23.11

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.11.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.11 and Ch.22

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22.11.9 $$\mathrm{cs}(z,k)-\frac{\pi }{2K}\cot \zeta =-\frac{2\pi }{K}\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{q^{2n}\sin \left(2n\zeta \right)}{1+q^{2n}},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{cs}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\cot z$: cotangent function, $q$: nome, $\sin z$: sine function, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $\zeta$: change of variable

A&S Ref:

16.23.12

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.11.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.11 and Ch.22

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22.11.10 $$\mathrm{dc}(z,k)-\frac{\pi }{2K}\sec \zeta =\frac{2\pi }{K}\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n{q}^{2n+1}\cos \left((2n+1)\zeta \right)}{1-q^{2n+1}},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{dc}(z,k)$: Jacobian elliptic function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $K\left(k\right)$: Legendre’s complete elliptic integral of the first kind, $\cos z$: cosine function, $q$: nome, $\sec z$: secant function, $z$: complex, $k$: modulus and $\zeta$: change of variable

A&S Ref:

16.23.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.11.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §22.11 and Ch.22

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9: 10.67 Asymptotic Expansions for Large Argument

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10.67.1 $${\ker }_{\nu }x\sim {\mathrm{e}}^{-x/\sqrt{2}}{\left(\frac{\pi }{2x}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{a_k(\nu )}{x^k}\cos \left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}+\left(\frac{\nu }{2}+\frac{k}{4}+\frac{1}{8}\right)\pi \right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\ker }_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $k$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $\nu$: complex parameter and $a_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.10.3, 9.10.5--9.10.7 (modified)

Referenced by:

§10.61(v), §10.67(ii), §10.68(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.67.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.67(i), §10.67 and Ch.10

►

10.67.2 $${\mathrm{kei}}_{\nu }x\sim -{\mathrm{e}}^{-x/\sqrt{2}}{\left(\frac{\pi }{2x}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{a_k(\nu )}{x^k}\sin \left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}+\left(\frac{\nu }{2}+\frac{k}{4}+\frac{1}{8}\right)\pi \right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\mathrm{kei}}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\sin z$: sine function, $k$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $\nu$: complex parameter and $a_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

9.10.4, 9.10.5--9.10.7 (modified)

Referenced by:

§10.61(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.67.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.67(i), §10.67 and Ch.10

… ►

10.67.5 $${\ker }_{\nu }^{\prime }x\sim -{\mathrm{e}}^{-x/\sqrt{2}}{\left(\frac{\pi }{2x}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{b_k(\nu )}{x^k}\cos \left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}+\left(\frac{\nu }{2}+\frac{k}{4}-\frac{1}{8}\right)\pi \right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\ker }_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $k$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $\nu$: complex parameter and $b_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

§9.10 (modified)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.67.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.67(i), §10.67 and Ch.10

►

10.67.6 $${\mathrm{kei}}_{\nu }^{\prime }x\sim {\mathrm{e}}^{-x/\sqrt{2}}{\left(\frac{\pi }{2x}\right)}^{\frac{1}{2}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{b_k(\nu )}{x^k}\sin \left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}+\left(\frac{\nu }{2}+\frac{k}{4}-\frac{1}{8}\right)\pi \right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\mathrm{kei}}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\sin z$: sine function, $k$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $\nu$: complex parameter and $b_k(\nu )$: polynomial coefficient

A&S Ref:

§9.10 (modified)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.67.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.67(i), §10.67 and Ch.10

… ►

10.67.13 $${\ker }^{2}x+{\mathrm{kei}}^{2}x\sim \frac{\pi }{2x}{\mathrm{e}}^{-x\sqrt{2}}\left(1-\frac{1}{4\sqrt{2}}\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{64}\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{33}{256\sqrt{2}}\frac{1}{x^3}-\frac{1797}{8192}\frac{1}{x^4}+\mathrm{\cdots }\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\mathrm{kei}}_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, ${\ker }_{\nu }\left(x\right)$: Kelvin function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm and $x$: real variable

A&S Ref:

9.10.31

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.67.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.67(ii), §10.67 and Ch.10

…

10: 8.11 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions

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8.11.6 $$\gamma (a,z)\sim -z^a{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-a)}^k{b}_k(\lambda )}{{(z-a)}^{2k+1}},$$ , $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{\pi }{2}-\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\gamma (a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $x$: real variable, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $b_k(\lambda )$: coefficients

Notes:

See Paris (2002b)

Referenced by:

§8.11(iii), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Subsections 8.18(ii)–8.11(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.14):

Originally this equation was stated for real variables $a$ and $x(=\lambda a)$, . It has been extended to allow for complex variables $a$ and $z(=\lambda a)$, where and $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{\pi }{2}-\delta$.

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(iii), §8.11 and Ch.8

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8.11.7 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)\sim z^a{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-a)}^k{b}_k(\lambda )}{{(z-a)}^{2k+1}},$$ $\lambda >1$, $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{3\pi }{2}-\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $x$: real variable, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $b_k(\lambda )$: coefficients

Referenced by:

§8.11(iii), §8.11(iii), §8.11(iii), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Subsections 8.18(ii)–8.11(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.14):

Originally this equation was stated for real variables $a$ and $x(=\lambda a)$, $\lambda >1$. It has been extended to allow for complex variables $a$ and $z(=\lambda a)$, where $\lambda >1$ and $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{3\pi }{2}-\delta$.

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(iii), §8.11 and Ch.8

… ►The expansion (8.11.7) also applies when $a$ is replaced by $-a$, and $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{3\pi }{2}-\omega -\delta$ with $\omega =\mathrm{ph}(-\lambda +\ln \left(-\lambda \right)+\pi \mathrm{i})$, . … ►

8.11.12 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }(z,z)\sim z^{z-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\left(\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{2}}{z}^{\frac{1}{2}}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{2\pi }}{24z^{\frac{1}{2}}}-\frac{4}{135z}+\frac{\sqrt{2\pi }}{576z^{\frac{3}{2}}}+\frac{8}{2835z^2}+\mathrm{\dots }\right),$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le 2\pi -\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable and $\delta$: small positive constant

A&S Ref:

6.5.35 (Modified form)

Referenced by:

§8.11(v), Firefox 3 users should upgrade, Erratum (V1.0.14) for Subsections 8.18(ii)–8.11(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E12

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.14):

The sector of validity for the above equation was increased from $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$ to $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le 2\pi -\delta$.

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(v), §8.11 and Ch.8

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