# §22.9(i) Notation

The following notation is a generalization of that of Khare and Sukhatme (2002).

Throughout this subsection $m$ and $p$ are positive integers with $1\leq m\leq p$.

 22.9.1 $s_{m,p}^{(2)}=\mathop{\mathrm{sn}\/}\nolimits\left(z+2p^{-1}(m-1)\mathop{K\/}% \nolimits\!\left(k\right),k\right),$
 22.9.2 $c_{m,p}^{(2)}=\mathop{\mathrm{cn}\/}\nolimits\left(z+2p^{-1}(m-1)\mathop{K\/}% \nolimits\!\left(k\right),k\right),$
 22.9.3 $d_{m,p}^{(2)}=\mathop{\mathrm{dn}\/}\nolimits\left(z+2p^{-1}(m-1)\mathop{K\/}% \nolimits\!\left(k\right),k\right),$
 22.9.4 $s_{m,p}^{(4)}=\mathop{\mathrm{sn}\/}\nolimits\left(z+4p^{-1}(m-1)\mathop{K\/}% \nolimits\!\left(k\right),k\right),$
 22.9.5 $c_{m,p}^{(4)}=\mathop{\mathrm{cn}\/}\nolimits\left(z+4p^{-1}(m-1)\mathop{K\/}% \nolimits\!\left(k\right),k\right),$
 22.9.6 $d_{m,p}^{(4)}=\mathop{\mathrm{dn}\/}\nolimits\left(z+4p^{-1}(m-1)\mathop{K\/}% \nolimits\!\left(k\right),k\right).$

In the remainder of this section the rank of an identity is the largest number of elliptic function factors in any term of the identity. The value of $p$ determines the number of points in the identity. The argument $z$ is suppressed in the above notation, as all cyclic identities are independent of $z$.

# §22.9(ii) Typical Identities of Rank 2

In this subsection $1\leq m\leq p$ and $1\leq n\leq p$.

# ¶ Three Points

With

 22.9.7 $\kappa=\mathop{\mathrm{dn}\/}\nolimits\left(2\!\mathop{K\/}\nolimits\!\left(k% \right)/3,k\right),$
 22.9.8 $s_{1,2}^{(4)}s_{2,2}^{(4)}+s_{2,2}^{(4)}s_{3,2}^{(4)}+s_{3,2}^{(4)}s_{1,2}^{(4% )}=\frac{\kappa^{2}-1}{k^{2}},$
 22.9.9 $c_{1,2}^{(4)}c_{2,2}^{(4)}+c_{2,2}^{(4)}c_{3,2}^{(4)}+c_{3,2}^{(4)}c_{1,2}^{(4% )}=-\frac{\kappa(\kappa+2)}{(1+\kappa)^{2}},$ Symbols: $c_{m,p}^{(r)}$: cyclic quantity and $\kappa$ Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.9.E9 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 22.9.10 $d_{1,2}^{(2)}d_{2,2}^{(2)}+d_{2,2}^{(2)}d_{3,2}^{(2)}+d_{3,2}^{(2)}d_{1,2}^{(2% )}=d_{1,2}^{(4)}d_{2,2}^{(4)}+d_{2,2}^{(4)}d_{3,2}^{(4)}+d_{3,2}^{(4)}d_{1,2}^% {(4)}=\kappa(\kappa+2).$ Symbols: $d_{m,p}^{(r)}$: cyclic quantity and $\kappa$ Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.9.E10 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png

These identities are cyclic in the sense that each of the indices $m,n$ in the first product of, for example, the form $s_{m,2}^{(4)}s_{n,2}^{(4)}$ are simultaneously permuted in the cyclic order: $m\to m+1\to m+2\to\cdots p\to 1\to 2\to\cdots m-1$; $n\to n+1\to n+2\to\cdots p\to 1\to 2\to\cdots n-1$. Many of the identities that follow also have this property.

# ¶ Two Points

 22.9.11 $\left(d_{1,2}^{(2)}\right)^{2}d_{2,2}^{(2)}\pm\left(d_{2,2}^{(2)}\right)^{2}d_% {1,2}^{(2)}=k^{\prime}\left(d_{1,2}^{(2)}\pm d_{2,2}^{(2)}\right),$ Symbols: $k^{\prime}$: complementary modulus and $d_{m,p}^{(r)}$: cyclic quantity Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.9.E11 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 22.9.12 $c_{1,2}^{(2)}s_{1,2}^{(2)}d_{2,2}^{(2)}+c_{2,2}^{(2)}s_{2,2}^{(2)}d_{1,2}^{(2)% }=0.$

# ¶ Three Points

With $\kappa$ defined as in (22.9.7),

 22.9.13 $s_{1,3}^{(4)}s_{2,3}^{(4)}s_{3,3}^{(4)}=-\frac{1}{1-\kappa^{2}}\left(s_{1,3}^{% (4)}+s_{2,3}^{(4)}+s_{3,3}^{(4)}\right),$ Symbols: $s_{m,p}^{(r)}$: cyclic quantity and $\kappa$ Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.9.E13 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 22.9.14 $c_{1,3}^{(4)}c_{2,3}^{(4)}c_{3,3}^{(4)}=\frac{\kappa^{2}}{1-\kappa^{2}}\left(c% _{1,3}^{(4)}+c_{2,3}^{(4)}+c_{3,3}^{(4)}\right),$ Symbols: $c_{m,p}^{(r)}$: cyclic quantity and $\kappa$ Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.9.E14 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 22.9.15 $d_{1,3}^{(2)}d_{2,3}^{(2)}d_{3,3}^{(2)}=\frac{\kappa^{2}+k^{2}-1}{1-\kappa^{2}% }\left(d_{1,3}^{(2)}+d_{2,3}^{(2)}+d_{3,3}^{(2)}\right),$
 22.9.16 $s_{1,3}^{(4)}c_{2,3}^{(4)}c_{3,3}^{(4)}+s_{2,3}^{(4)}c_{3,3}^{(4)}c_{1,3}^{(4)% }+s_{3,3}^{(4)}c_{1,3}^{(4)}c_{2,3}^{(4)}=\frac{\kappa(\kappa+2)}{1-\kappa^{2}% }\left(s_{1,3}^{(4)}+s_{2,3}^{(4)}+s_{3,3}^{(4)}\right).$

# ¶ Four Points

 22.9.17 $d_{1,4}^{(2)}d_{2,4}^{(2)}d_{3,4}^{(2)}\pm d_{2,4}^{(2)}d_{3,4}^{(2)}d_{4,4}^{% (2)}+d_{3,4}^{(2)}d_{4,4}^{(2)}d_{1,4}^{(2)}\pm d_{4,4}^{(2)}d_{1,4}^{(2)}d_{2% ,4}^{(2)}=k^{\prime}{\left(\pm d_{1,4}^{(2)}+d_{2,4}^{(2)}\pm d_{3,4}^{(2)}+d_% {4,4}^{(2)}\right)},$ Symbols: $k^{\prime}$: complementary modulus and $d_{m,p}^{(r)}$: cyclic quantity Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.9.E17 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 22.9.18 $\left(d_{1,4}^{(2)}\right)^{2}d_{3,4}^{(2)}\pm\left(d_{2,4}^{(2)}\right)^{2}d_% {4,4}^{(2)}+\left(d_{3,4}^{(2)}\right)^{2}d_{1,4}^{(2)}\pm\left(d_{4,4}^{(2)}% \right)^{2}d_{2,4}^{(2)}=k^{\prime}{\left(d_{1,4}^{(2)}\pm d_{2,4}^{(2)}+d_{3,% 4}^{(2)}\pm d_{4,4}^{(2)}\right)},$ Symbols: $k^{\prime}$: complementary modulus and $d_{m,p}^{(r)}$: cyclic quantity Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.9.E18 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 22.9.19 $c_{1,4}^{(2)}s_{1,4}^{(2)}d_{3,4}^{(2)}+c_{3,4}^{(2)}s_{3,4}^{(2)}d_{1,4}^{(2)% }=c_{2,4}^{(2)}s_{2,4}^{(2)}d_{4,4}^{(2)}+c_{4,4}^{(2)}s_{4,4}^{(2)}d_{2,4}^{(% 2)}=0.$

# ¶ Two Points

 22.9.20 $\left(d_{1,2}^{(2)}\right)^{3}d_{2,2}^{(2)}\pm\left(d_{2,2}^{(2)}\right)^{3}d_% {1,2}^{(2)}=k^{\prime}\left(\left(d_{1,2}^{(2)}\right)^{2}\pm\left(d_{2,2}^{(2% )}\right)^{2}\right),$ Symbols: $k^{\prime}$: complementary modulus and $d_{m,p}^{(r)}$: cyclic quantity Permalink: http://dlmf.nist.gov/22.9.E20 Encodings: TeX, pMML, png
 22.9.21 $k^{2}c_{1,2}^{(2)}s_{1,2}^{(2)}c_{2,2}^{(2)}s_{2,2}^{(2)}=k^{\prime}\left(1-% \left(s_{1,2}^{(2)}\right)^{2}-\left(s_{2,2}^{(2)}\right)^{2}\right).$

# ¶ Three Points

Again with $\kappa$ defined as in (22.9.7),

 22.9.22 $s_{1,3}^{(2)}c_{1,3}^{(2)}d_{2,3}^{(2)}d_{3,3}^{(2)}+s_{2,3}^{(2)}c_{2,3}^{(2)% }d_{3,3}^{(2)}d_{1,3}^{(2)}+s_{3,3}^{(2)}c_{3,3}^{(2)}d_{1,3}^{(2)}d_{2,3}^{(2% )}=\frac{\kappa^{2}+k^{2}-1}{1-\kappa^{2}}\left(s_{1,3}^{(2)}c_{1,3}^{(2)}+s_{% 2,3}^{(2)}c_{2,3}^{(2)}+s_{3,3}^{(2)}c_{3,3}^{(2)}\right),$
 22.9.23 $s_{1,3}^{(4)}d_{1,3}^{(4)}c_{2,3}^{(4)}c_{3,3}^{(4)}+s_{2,3}^{(4)}d_{2,3}^{(4)% }c_{3,3}^{(4)}c_{1,3}^{(4)}+s_{3,3}^{(4)}d_{3,3}^{(4)}c_{1,3}^{(4)}c_{2,3}^{(4% )}=\frac{\kappa^{2}}{1-\kappa^{2}}\left(s_{1,3}^{(4)}d_{1,3}^{(4)}+s_{2,3}^{(4% )}d_{2,3}^{(4)}+s_{2,3}^{(4)}d_{2,3}^{(4)}\right).$

# §22.9(v) Identities of Higher Rank

For extensions of the identities given in §§22.9(ii)22.9(iv), and also to related elliptic functions, see Khare and Sukhatme (2002), Khare et al. (2003).