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41: 28.14 Fourier Series

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28.14.4 $$q{c}_{2m+2}-\left(a-{(\nu +2m)}^2\right)c_{2m}+q{c}_{2m-2}=0,$$ $a={\lambda }_{\nu }\left(q\right),c_{2m}=c_{2m}^{\nu }(q)$,

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Symbols:

${\lambda }_{\nu +2n}\left(q\right)$: eigenvalues of Mathieu equation, $m$: integer, $q=h^2$: parameter, $\nu$: complex parameter, $a$: parameter and $c_{2m}(q)$: coefficients

Referenced by:

item (d), item (d)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.14.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.14 and Ch.28

►and the normalization relation ►

28.14.5 $$\sum _{m=-\mathrm{\infty }}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\left(c_{2m}^{\nu }(q)\right)}^2=1;$$

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Symbols:

$m$: integer, $q=h^2$: parameter, $\nu$: complex parameter and $c_{2m}(q)$: coefficients

Referenced by:

item (d)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.14.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.14 and Ch.28

…

42: 8.18 Asymptotic Expansions of $I_x(a,b)$

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8.18.3 $$I_x(a,b)=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a+b\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a\right)}\left(\sum _{k=0}^{n-1}{d}_k{F}_k+O\left(a^{-n}\right)F_0\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $I_x(a,b)$: incomplete beta function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $a$: parameter, $b$: parameter, $x$: variable, $F_k$: functions and $d_k$: coefficients

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.0.14) for Equation (8.18.3)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.18.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.14):

Previously this equation appeared without the order estimate as $I_x(a,b)\sim \frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a+b\right)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(a\right)}{\sum }_{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{d}_k{F}_k$. The range of $x$ was extended to include $1$.

See also:

Annotations for §8.18(ii), §8.18(ii), §8.18 and Ch.8

… ►

8.18.13See (5.11.3).

ⓘ

Referenced by:

§8.18(ii), Erratum (V1.1.8) for Rearrangement

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.18.E13

Rearrangement (effective with 1.1.8):

This equation has been removed and in its place it is mentioned to see (5.11.3).

See also:

Annotations for §8.18(ii), §8.18(ii), §8.18 and Ch.8

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8.18.14 $$I_x(a,b)\sim Q(b,a\zeta )-\frac{{(2\pi b)}^{-1/2}}{{\mathrm{\Gamma }}^{\ast }\left(b\right)}{\left(\frac{x}{x_0}\right)}^a{\left(\frac{1-x}{1-x_0}\right)}^b\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{h_k(\zeta ,\mu )}{a^k},$$

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Symbols:

$I_x(a,b)$: incomplete beta function, $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $Q(a,z)$: normalized incomplete gamma function, ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}^{\ast }\left(z\right)$: scaled gamma function, $k$: nonnegative integer, $a$: parameter, $b$: parameter, $x$: variable, $\mu$ , $\zeta$: variable and $h_k(\zeta ,\mu )$: coefficients

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.18.E14

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.18(ii), §8.18(ii), §8.18 and Ch.8

… ►For asymptotic expansions for large values of $a$ and/or $b$ of the $x$-solution of the equation …

43: Bibliography W

… ►

Asymptotic expansions for second-order linear difference equations with a turning point. Numer. Math. 94 (1), pp. 147–194.

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External Links:

ISSN 0029-599X, Document, MathReview (Sergey M. Zagorodnyuk), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

►

Linear difference equations with transition points. Math. Comp. 74 (250), pp. 629–653.

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External Links:

ISSN 0025-5718, Document, MathReview (B. G. Pachpatte), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§2.9(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Solutions of the fifth Painlevé equation. I. Hokkaido Math. J. 24 (2), pp. 231–267.

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External Links:

ISSN 0385-4035, FullText, MathReview (Andrei A. Kapaev), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§32.10(v).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

The generalised product moment distribution in samples from a normal multivariate population. Biometrika 20A, pp. 32–52.

ⓘ

External Links:

FullText, Document, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§35.3(i), §35.3(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

On the central connection problem for the double confluent Heun equation. Math. Nachr. 195, pp. 267–276.

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External Links:

ISSN 0025-584X, MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§31.12.

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

44: 10.22 Integrals

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10.22.72 $${\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{J}_{\mu }\left(at\right)J_{\nu }\left(bt\right)J_{\nu }\left(ct\right)t^{1-\mu }dt=\frac{{(bc)}^{\mu -1}\sin \left((\mu -\nu )\pi \right){(\sinh \chi )}^{\mu -\frac{1}{2}}}{{(\frac{1}{2}{\pi }^3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{a}^{\mu }}{\mathrm{e}}^{(\mu -\frac{1}{2})\mathrm{i}\pi }{Q}_{\nu -\frac{1}{2}}^{\frac{1}{2}-\mu }\left(\cosh \chi \right),$$ $\mathrm{\Re }\mu >-\frac{1}{2},\mathrm{\Re }\nu >-1,a>b+c,\cosh \chi =(a^2-b^2-c^2)/(2bc)$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $\sin z$: sine function and $\nu$: complex parameter

Keywords:

Mellin transform

Referenced by:

§10.22(iv), §10.22(iv), Erratum (V1.0.21) for Equation (10.22.72)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.22.E72

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Clarification (effective with 1.0.21):

Originally, the factor on the right-hand side was written as $\frac{{(bc)}^{\mu -1}\cos \left(\nu \pi \right){(\sinh \chi )}^{\mu -\frac{1}{2}}}{{(\frac{1}{2}{\pi }^3)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{a}^{\mu }}$, which was taken directly from Watson (1944, p. 412, (13.46.5)), who uses a different normalization for the associated Legendre functions of the second kind $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }$. Watson’s $Q_{\nu }^{\mu }$ equals $\frac{\sin \left((\nu +\mu )\pi \right)}{\sin \left(\nu \pi \right)}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mu \pi \mathrm{i}}{Q}_{\nu }^{\mu }$ in the DLMF.

See also:

Annotations for §10.22(iv), §10.22(iv), §10.22 and Ch.10

…

45: 20.13 Physical Applications

… ►The functions ${\theta }_j\left(z\right|\tau )$, $j=1,2,3,4$, provide periodic solutions of the partial differential equation …with $\kappa =-\mathrm{i}\pi /4$. … ►These two apparently different solutions differ only in their normalization and boundary conditions. …Theta-function solutions to the heat diffusion equation with simple boundary conditions are discussed in Lawden (1989, pp. 1–3), and with more general boundary conditions in Körner (1989, pp. 274–281). … ►This allows analytic time propagation of quantum wave-packets in a box, or on a ring, as closed-form solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation.

46: 30.4 Functions of the First Kind

… ►They are normalized by the condition … ►

30.4.5 $${\alpha }_k{g}_{k+2}+({\beta }_k-{\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right))g_k+{\gamma }_k{g}_{k-2}=0$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\lambda }_n^m\left({\gamma }^2\right)$: eigenvalues of the spheroidal differential equation, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n\ge m$: integer degree, ${\gamma }^2$: real parameter, ${\alpha }_k$: coefficent, ${\beta }_k$: coefficent and ${\gamma }_k$: coefficent

A&S Ref:

21.7.18

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/30.4.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §30.4(iii), §30.4 and Ch.30

… ►Normalization of the coefficients $g_k$ is effected by application of (30.4.1). …

47: 29.6 Fourier Series

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29.6.2 $$H=2a_{\nu }^{2m}\left(k^2\right)-\nu (\nu +1)k^2,$$

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Defines:

$H$ (locally)

Symbols:

$a_{\nu }^n\left(k^2\right)$: eigenvalues of Lamé’s equation, $m$: nonnegative integer, $k$: real parameter and $\nu$: real parameter

Referenced by:

§29.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.6.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.6(i), §29.6 and Ch.29

… ►This solution can be constructed from (29.6.4) by backward recursion, starting with $A_{2n+2}=0$ and an arbitrary nonzero value of $A_{2n}$, followed by normalization via (29.6.5) and (29.6.6). … ►

29.6.17 $$H=2a_{\nu }^{2m+1}\left(k^2\right)-\nu (\nu +1)k^2,$$

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Defines:

$H$ (locally)

Symbols:

$a_{\nu }^n\left(k^2\right)$: eigenvalues of Lamé’s equation, $m$: nonnegative integer, $k$: real parameter and $\nu$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.6.E17

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.6(ii), §29.6 and Ch.29

… ►

29.6.32 $$H=2b_{\nu }^{2m+1}\left(k^2\right)-\nu (\nu +1)k^2,$$

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Defines:

$H$ (locally)

Symbols:

$b_{\nu }^n\left(k^2\right)$: eigenvalues of Lamé’s equation, $m$: nonnegative integer, $k$: real parameter and $\nu$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.6.E32

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.6(iii), §29.6 and Ch.29

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29.6.47 $$H=2b_{\nu }^{2m+2}\left(k^2\right)-\nu (\nu +1)k^2,$$

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Defines:

$H$ (locally)

Symbols:

$b_{\nu }^n\left(k^2\right)$: eigenvalues of Lamé’s equation, $m$: nonnegative integer, $k$: real parameter and $\nu$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.6.E47

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.6(iv), §29.6 and Ch.29

…

48: 28.4 Fourier Series

… ►

§28.4(iii) Normalization

… ►

28.4.24 $$\frac{A_{2m}^{2n}(q)}{A_0^{2n}(q)}=\frac{{(-1)}^m}{{(m!)}^2}{\left(\frac{q}{4}\right)}^m\frac{\pi \left(1+O\left(m^{-1}\right)\right)}{w_{\text{II}}(\frac{1}{2}\pi ;a_{2n}\left(q\right),q)},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $a_n\left(q\right)$: eigenvalues of Mathieu equation, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $m$: integer, $q=h^2$: parameter, $n$: integer, $w_{\text{II}}(z;a,q)$: fundamental solution and $A_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.4.E24

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.4(vii), §28.4 and Ch.28

►

28.4.25 $$\frac{A_{2m+1}^{2n+1}(q)}{A_1^{2n+1}(q)}=\frac{{(-1)}^{m+1}}{{\left({\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_{m+1}\right)}^2}{\left(\frac{q}{4}\right)}^{m+1}\frac{2\left(1+O\left(m^{-1}\right)\right)}{w_{\text{II}}^{\prime }(\frac{1}{2}\pi ;a_{2n+1}\left(q\right),q)},$$

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Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $a_n\left(q\right)$: eigenvalues of Mathieu equation, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $m$: integer, $q=h^2$: parameter, $n$: integer, $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution and $A_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.4.E25

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.4(vii), §28.4 and Ch.28

►

28.4.26 $$\frac{B_{2m+1}^{2n+1}(q)}{B_1^{2n+1}(q)}=\frac{{(-1)}^m}{{\left({\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)}_{m+1}\right)}^2}{\left(\frac{q}{4}\right)}^{m+1}\frac{2\left(1+O\left(m^{-1}\right)\right)}{w_{\text{I}}(\frac{1}{2}\pi ;b_{2n+1}\left(q\right),q)},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $b_n\left(q\right)$: eigenvalues of Mathieu equation, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $m$: integer, $q=h^2$: parameter, $n$: integer, $w_{\text{I}}(z;a,q)$: fundamental solution and $B_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.4.E26

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.4(vii), §28.4 and Ch.28

►

28.4.27 $$\frac{B_{2m}^{2n+2}(q)}{B_2^{2n+2}(q)}=\frac{{(-1)}^m}{{(m!)}^2}{\left(\frac{q}{4}\right)}^m\frac{q\pi \left(1+O\left(m^{-1}\right)\right)}{w_{\text{I}}^{\prime }(\frac{1}{2}\pi ;b_{2n+2}\left(q\right),q)}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $b_n\left(q\right)$: eigenvalues of Mathieu equation, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $m$: integer, $q=h^2$: parameter, $n$: integer, $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution and $B_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.4.E27

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.4(vii), §28.4 and Ch.28

…

49: 28.6 Expansions for Small $q$

… ►

§28.6(i) Eigenvalues

… ►Higher coefficients in the foregoing series can be found by equating coefficients in the following continued-fraction equations: … ►

Table 28.6.1: Radii of convergence for power-series expansions of eigenvalues of Mathieu’s equation.

► ►►

$n$	${\rho }_n^{(1)}$		${\rho }_n^{(2)}$		${\rho }_n^{(3)}$
…

►

… ►where $k$ is the unique root of the equation $2E\left(k\right)=K\left(k\right)$ in the interval $(0,1)$, and $k^{\prime }=\sqrt{1-k^2}$. … ►Leading terms of the power series for the normalized functions are: …

50: 8.11 Asymptotic Approximations and Expansions

… ►

8.11.5 $$P(a,z)\sim \frac{z^a{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(1+a\right)}\sim {(2\pi a)}^{-\frac{1}{2}}{\mathrm{e}}^{a-z}{(z/a)}^a,$$ $a\to \mathrm{\infty }$, $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \pi -\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\sim$: asymptotic equality, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $P(a,z)$: normalized incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $\delta$: small positive constant

Referenced by:

§8.11(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(ii), §8.11 and Ch.8

… ►

8.11.6 $$\gamma (a,z)\sim -z^a{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-a)}^k{b}_k(\lambda )}{{(z-a)}^{2k+1}},$$ , $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{\pi }{2}-\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\gamma (a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $x$: real variable, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $b_k(\lambda )$: coefficients

Notes:

See Paris (2002b)

Referenced by:

§8.11(iii), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Subsections 8.18(ii)–8.11(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.14):

Originally this equation was stated for real variables $a$ and $x(=\lambda a)$, . It has been extended to allow for complex variables $a$ and $z(=\lambda a)$, where and $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{\pi }{2}-\delta$.

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(iii), §8.11 and Ch.8

►

8.11.7 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)\sim z^a{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-a)}^k{b}_k(\lambda )}{{(z-a)}^{2k+1}},$$ $\lambda >1$, $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{3\pi }{2}-\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $x$: real variable, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\lambda$: parameter and $b_k(\lambda )$: coefficients

Referenced by:

§8.11(iii), §8.11(iii), §8.11(iii), Erratum (V1.0.14) for Subsections 8.18(ii)–8.11(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.14):

Originally this equation was stated for real variables $a$ and $x(=\lambda a)$, $\lambda >1$. It has been extended to allow for complex variables $a$ and $z(=\lambda a)$, where $\lambda >1$ and $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{3\pi }{2}-\delta$.

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(iii), §8.11 and Ch.8

… ►

8.11.10 $$P(a+1,x)=\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{erfc}\left(-y\right)-\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi a}}(1+y^2){\mathrm{e}}^{-y^2}+O\left(a^{-1}\right),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$O\left(x\right)$: order not exceeding, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{erfc}z$: complementary error function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $P(a,z)$: normalized incomplete gamma function, $x$: real variable, $a$: parameter and $y$: change of variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(iv), §8.11 and Ch.8

… ►

8.11.12 $$\mathrm{\Gamma }(z,z)\sim z^{z-1}{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}\left(\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{2}}{z}^{\frac{1}{2}}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{2\pi }}{24z^{\frac{1}{2}}}-\frac{4}{135z}+\frac{\sqrt{2\pi }}{576z^{\frac{3}{2}}}+\frac{8}{2835z^2}+\mathrm{\dots }\right),$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le 2\pi -\delta$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable and $\delta$: small positive constant

A&S Ref:

6.5.35 (Modified form)

Referenced by:

§8.11(v), Firefox 3 users should upgrade, Erratum (V1.0.14) for Subsections 8.18(ii)–8.11(v)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.11.E12

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.0.14):

The sector of validity for the above equation was increased from $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$ to $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le 2\pi -\delta$.

See also:

Annotations for §8.11(v), §8.11 and Ch.8

…