expansions in Airy functions

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11: 13.21 Uniform Asymptotic Approximations for Large $\kappa$

… ►For a uniform asymptotic expansion in terms of Airy functions for $W_{\kappa ,\mu }\left(4\kappa x\right)$ when $\kappa$ is large and positive, $\mu$ is real with $|\mu |$ bounded, and $x\in [\delta ,\mathrm{\infty })$ see Olver (1997b, Chapter 11, Ex. 7.3). …

12: 12.14 The Function $W(a,x)$

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Airy-type Uniform Expansions

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13: 9.8 Modulus and Phase

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9.8.20 $$M^2\left(x\right)\sim \frac{1}{\pi {(-x)}^{1/2}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{1\cdot 3\cdot 5\mathrm{\cdots }(6k-1)}{k!{(96)}^k}\frac{1}{x^{3k}},$$

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Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $M\left(z\right)$: Airy modulus function and $x$: real variable

Proof sketch:

Combine (9.8.9)–(9.8.12) with §10.18(iii)

Referenced by:

§9.8(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.8.E20

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.8(iv), §9.8 and Ch.9

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9.8.21 $$N^2\left(x\right)\sim \frac{{(-x)}^{1/2}}{\pi }\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{1\cdot 3\cdot 5\mathrm{\cdots }(6k-1)}{k!{(96)}^k}\frac{1+6k}{1-6k}\frac{1}{x^{3k}},$$

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Symbols:

$\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $N\left(z\right)$: Airy modulus function and $x$: real variable

Proof sketch:

Combine (9.8.9)–(9.8.12) with §10.18(iii)

Referenced by:

§9.8(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.8.E21

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.8(iv), §9.8 and Ch.9

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14: 18.35 Pollaczek Polynomials

… ►This expansion is in terms of the Airy function $\mathrm{Ai}\left(x\right)$ and its derivative (§9.2), and is uniform in any compact $\theta$-interval in $(0,\mathrm{\infty })$. …

15: 10.72 Mathematical Applications

… ►In regions in which (10.72.1) has a simple turning point $z_0$, that is, $f(z)$ and $g(z)$ are analytic (or with weaker conditions if $z=x$ is a real variable) and $z_0$ is a simple zero of $f(z)$, asymptotic expansions of the solutions $w$ for large $u$ can be constructed in terms of Airy functions or equivalently Bessel functions or modified Bessel functions of order $\frac{1}{3}$ (§9.6(i)). …

16: 2.8 Differential Equations with a Parameter

… ►For other examples of uniform asymptotic approximations and expansions of special functions in terms of Airy functions see especially §10.20 and §§12.10(vii), 12.10(viii); also §§12.14(ix), 13.20(v), 13.21(iii), 13.21(iv), 15.12(iii), 18.15(iv), 30.9(i), 30.9(ii), 32.11(ii), 32.11(iii), 33.12(i), 33.12(ii), 33.20(iv), 36.12(ii), 36.13. …

17: 18.34 Bessel Polynomials

… ►For uniform asymptotic expansions of $y_n(x;a)$ as $n\to \mathrm{\infty }$ in terms of Airy functions (§9.2) see Wong and Zhang (1997) and Dunster (2001c). …

18: 9.12 Scorer Functions

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9.12.25 $$\mathrm{Gi}\left(z\right)\sim \frac{1}{\pi z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{(3k)!}{k!{(3z^3)}^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \frac{1}{3}\pi -\delta$,

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Gi}\left(z\right)$: Scorer function (inhomogeneous Airy function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable and $\delta$: small positive constant

Proof sketch:

See Olver (1997b, pp. 431–432).

Referenced by:

(9.12.30)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.12.E25

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.12(viii), §9.12(viii), §9.12 and Ch.9

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9.12.26 $${\mathrm{Gi}}^{\prime }\left(z\right)\sim -\frac{1}{\pi z^2}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{(3k+1)!}{k!{(3z^3)}^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \frac{1}{3}\pi -\delta$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Gi}\left(z\right)$: Scorer function (inhomogeneous Airy function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable and $\delta$: small positive constant

Proof sketch:

Refer to §2.1(ii).

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.12.E26

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.12(viii), §9.12(viii), §9.12 and Ch.9

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9.12.27 $$\mathrm{Hi}\left(z\right)\sim -\frac{1}{\pi z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{(3k)!}{k!{(3z^3)}^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}\left(-z\right)|\le \frac{2}{3}\pi -\delta$,

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Hi}\left(z\right)$: Scorer function (inhomogeneous Airy function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable and $\delta$: small positive constant

Proof sketch:

See Olver (1997b, pp. 431–432).

Referenced by:

(9.12.31)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.12.E27

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.12(viii), §9.12(viii), §9.12 and Ch.9

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9.12.28 $${\mathrm{Hi}}^{\prime }\left(z\right)\sim \frac{1}{\pi z^2}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{(3k+1)!}{k!{(3z^3)}^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}\left(-z\right)|\le \frac{2}{3}\pi -\delta$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Hi}\left(z\right)$: Scorer function (inhomogeneous Airy function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable and $\delta$: small positive constant

Proof sketch:

Refer to §2.1(ii).

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.12.E28

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.12(viii), §9.12(viii), §9.12 and Ch.9

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9.12.29 $$\mathrm{Hi}\left(z\right)\sim -\frac{1}{\pi z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{(3k)!}{k!{(3z^3)}^k}+\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{\zeta }}{\sqrt{\pi }{z}^{1/4}}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{u_k}{{\zeta }^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi -\delta$.

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{Hi}\left(z\right)$: Scorer function (inhomogeneous Airy function), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $k$: nonnegative integer, $z$: complex variable, $\delta$: small positive constant, $\zeta$: change of variable and $u_s$: expansion coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/9.12.E29

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §9.12(viii), §9.12(viii), §9.12 and Ch.9

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19: 9.17 Methods of Computation

§9.17 Methods of Computation

… ►However, in the case of $\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$ and $\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$ this accuracy can be increased considerably by use of the exponentially-improved forms of expansion supplied in §9.7(v). … ►In consequence of §9.6(i), algorithms for generating Bessel functions, Hankel functions, and modified Bessel functions (§10.74) can also be applied to $\mathrm{Ai}\left(z\right)$, $\mathrm{Bi}\left(z\right)$, and their derivatives. ►

§9.17(v) Zeros

►Zeros of the Airy functions, and their derivatives, can be computed to high precision via Newton’s rule (§3.8(ii)) or Halley’s rule (§3.8(v)), using values supplied by the asymptotic expansions of §9.9(iv) as initial approximations. …

20: 9.11 Products

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§9.11(i) Differential Equation

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§9.11(ii) Wronskian

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§9.11(iii) Integral Representations

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§9.11(iv) Indefinite Integrals

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§9.11(v) Definite Integrals

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