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11: 33.20 Expansions for Small $|ϵ|$

… ►where … ►As $ϵ\to 0$ with $\mathrm{\ell }$ and $r$ fixed, …where $A(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell })$ is given by (33.14.11), (33.14.12), and … ►For a comprehensive collection of asymptotic expansions that cover $f(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$ and $h(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$ as $ϵ\to 0\pm$ and are uniform in $r$, including unbounded values, see Curtis (1964a, §7). These expansions are in terms of elementary functions, Airy functions, and Bessel functions of orders $2\mathrm{\ell }+1$ and $2\mathrm{\ell }+2$.

12: 33.7 Integral Representations

… ►

33.7.1 $$F_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )=\frac{{\rho }^{\mathrm{\ell }+1}{2}^{\mathrm{\ell }}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\rho -(\pi \eta /2)}}{|\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\mathrm{\ell }+1+\mathrm{i}\eta \right)|}{\int }_0^1{\mathrm{e}}^{-2\mathrm{i}\rho t}{t}^{\mathrm{\ell }+\mathrm{i}\eta }{(1-t)}^{\mathrm{\ell }-\mathrm{i}\eta }dt,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $F_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )$: regular Coulomb radial function, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $\rho$: nonnegative real variable and $\eta$: real parameter

Referenced by:

§33.7, §33.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.7.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.7 and Ch.33

►

33.7.2 $$H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{-}(\eta ,\rho )=\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mathrm{i}\rho }{\rho }^{-\mathrm{\ell }}}{(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-t}{t}^{\mathrm{\ell }-\mathrm{i}\eta }{(t+2\mathrm{i}\rho )}^{\mathrm{\ell }+\mathrm{i}\eta }dt,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: normalizing constant for Coulomb radial functions, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\pm }(\eta ,\rho )$: irregular Coulomb radial functions, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $\rho$: nonnegative real variable and $\eta$: real parameter

A&S Ref:

14.3.1 (modified)

Referenced by:

§33.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.7.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.7 and Ch.33

►

33.7.3 $$H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{-}(\eta ,\rho )=\frac{-\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \eta }{\rho }^{\mathrm{\ell }+1}}{(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\left(\frac{\exp \left(-\mathrm{i}(\rho \tanh t-2\eta t)\right)}{{(\cosh t)}^{2\mathrm{\ell }+2}}+\mathrm{i}{(1+t^2)}^{\mathrm{\ell }}\exp \left(-\rho t+2\eta \arctan t\right)\right)dt,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: normalizing constant for Coulomb radial functions, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\exp z$: exponential function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $\tanh z$: hyperbolic tangent function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $\arctan z$: arctangent function, $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\pm }(\eta ,\rho )$: irregular Coulomb radial functions, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $\rho$: nonnegative real variable and $\eta$: real parameter

A&S Ref:

14.3.3

Referenced by:

§33.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.7.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.7 and Ch.33

►

33.7.4 $$H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{+}(\eta ,\rho )=\frac{\mathrm{i}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\pi \eta }{\rho }^{\mathrm{\ell }+1}}{(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)}{\int }_{-1}^{-\mathrm{i}\mathrm{\infty }}{\mathrm{e}}^{-\mathrm{i}\rho t}{(1-t)}^{\mathrm{\ell }-\mathrm{i}\eta }{(1+t)}^{\mathrm{\ell }+\mathrm{i}\eta }dt.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)$: normalizing constant for Coulomb radial functions, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\pm }(\eta ,\rho )$: irregular Coulomb radial functions, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $\rho$: nonnegative real variable and $\eta$: real parameter

A&S Ref:

14.3.2

Referenced by:

§33.7, §33.7

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.7.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.7 and Ch.33

…

13: 24.10 Arithmetic Properties

… ►where $n\ge 2$, and $\mathrm{\ell }(\ge 1)$ is an arbitrary integer such that $(p-1)p^{\mathrm{\ell }}|2n$. … ►valid when $m\equiv n(mod(p-1)p^{\mathrm{\ell }})$ and $n\cancel{\equiv }0(modp-1)$, where $\mathrm{\ell }(\ge 0)$ is a fixed integer. …valid for fixed integers $\mathrm{\ell }(\ge 0)$, and for all $n(\ge 0)$ and $w(\ge 0)$ such that $2^{\mathrm{\ell }}|w$. … ►valid for fixed integers $\mathrm{\ell }(\ge 1)$, and for all $n(\ge 1)$ such that $2n\cancel{\equiv }0$ $(modp-1)$ and $p^{\mathrm{\ell }}|2n$. …valid for fixed integers $\mathrm{\ell }(\ge 1)$ and for all $n(\ge 1)$ such that $(p-1)p^{\mathrm{\ell }-1}|2n$.

14: 33.10 Limiting Forms for Large $\rho$ or Large $\left|\eta \right|$

… ►

$$F_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )=\sin \left({\theta }_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )\right)+o\left(1\right),$$

… ►where ${\theta }_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )$ is defined by (33.2.9). … ►In particular, for $\mathrm{\ell }=0$, … ►

$$G_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )=-\frac{\pi {(-2\eta )}^{\mathrm{\ell }}}{(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)!C_{\mathrm{\ell }}\left(\eta \right)}\left({(-2\eta \rho )}^{1/2}{Y}_{2\mathrm{\ell }+1}\left({(-8\eta \rho )}^{1/2}\right)+o\left({\left|\eta \right|}^{1/4}\right)\right).$$

►In particular, for $\mathrm{\ell }=0$, …

15: 10.42 Zeros

… ►For example, if $\nu$ is real, then the zeros of $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$ are all complex unless for some positive integer $\mathrm{\ell }$, in which event $I_{\nu }\left(z\right)$ has two real zeros. ►The distribution of the zeros of $K_n\left(nz\right)$ in the sector $-\frac{3}{2}\pi \le \mathrm{ph}z\le \frac{1}{2}\pi$ in the cases $n=1,5,10$ is obtained on rotating Figures 10.21.2, 10.21.4, 10.21.6, respectively, through an angle $-\frac{1}{2}\pi$ so that in each case the cut lies along the positive imaginary axis. The zeros in the sector $-\frac{1}{2}\pi \le \mathrm{ph}z\le \frac{3}{2}\pi$ are their conjugates. ► $K_n\left(z\right)$ has no zeros in the sector $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \frac{1}{2}\pi$; this result remains true when $n$ is replaced by any real number $\nu$. For the number of zeros of $K_{\nu }\left(z\right)$ in the sector $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \pi$, when $\nu$ is real, see Watson (1944, pp. 511–513). …

16: 33.17 Recurrence Relations and Derivatives

… ►

33.17.1 $$(\mathrm{\ell }+1)rf(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell }-1;r)-(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)\left(\mathrm{\ell }(\mathrm{\ell }+1)-r\right)f(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)+\mathrm{\ell }\left(1+{(\mathrm{\ell }+1)}^2ϵ\right)rf(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell }+1;r)=0,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$f(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$: regular Coulomb function, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $r$: real variable and $ϵ$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.17.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.17 and Ch.33

►

33.17.2 $$(\mathrm{\ell }+1)\left(1+{\mathrm{\ell }}^2ϵ\right)rh(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell }-1;r)-(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)\left(\mathrm{\ell }(\mathrm{\ell }+1)-r\right)h(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)+\mathrm{\ell }rh(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell }+1;r)=0,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$h(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$: irregular Coulomb function, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $r$: real variable and $ϵ$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.17.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.17 and Ch.33

►

33.17.3 $$(\mathrm{\ell }+1)r{f}^{\prime }(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)=\left({(\mathrm{\ell }+1)}^2-r\right)f(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)-\left(1+{(\mathrm{\ell }+1)}^2ϵ\right)rf(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell }+1;r),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$f(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$: regular Coulomb function, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $r$: real variable and $ϵ$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.17.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.17 and Ch.33

►

33.17.4 $$(\mathrm{\ell }+1)r{h}^{\prime }(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)=\left({(\mathrm{\ell }+1)}^2-r\right)h(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)-rh(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell }+1;r).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$h(ϵ,\mathrm{\ell };r)$: irregular Coulomb function, $\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $r$: real variable and $ϵ$: real parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.17.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.17 and Ch.33

17: 32.14 Combinatorics

… ►Let $S_N$ be the group of permutations $𝝅$ of the numbers $1,2,\mathrm{\dots },N$ (§26.2). With , $𝝅(m_1),𝝅(m_2),\mathrm{\dots },𝝅(m_n)$ is said to be an increasing subsequence of $𝝅$ of length $n$ when . Let ${\mathrm{\ell }}_N(𝝅)$ be the length of the longest increasing subsequence of $𝝅$. … ►

32.14.1 $$\underset{N\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}\mathrm{Prob}\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\ell }}_N(𝝅)-2\sqrt{N}}{N^{1/6}}\le s\right)=F(s),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$𝝅(m)$: permutations, ${\mathrm{\ell }}_N(𝝅)$: length and $F(s)$: distribution function

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/32.14.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §32.14 and Ch.32

…

18: 28.23 Expansions in Series of Bessel Functions

… ►

28.23.7 $${\mathrm{Mc}}_{2m}^{(j)}(z,h)={(-1)}^m{\left({\mathrm{ce}}_{2m}(\frac{1}{2}\pi ,h^2)\right)}^{-1}\sum _{\mathrm{\ell }=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{A}_{2\mathrm{\ell }}^{2m}(h^2){𝒞}_{2\mathrm{\ell }}^{(j)}(2h\sinh z),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\mathrm{ce}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, ${\mathrm{Mc}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$: radial Mathieu function, $m$: integer, $h$: parameter, $j$: integer, $z$: complex variable, ${𝒞}_{\mu }^{(j)}$: cylinder functions and $A_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.23.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.23 and Ch.28

… ►

28.23.9 $${\mathrm{Mc}}_{2m+1}^{(j)}(z,h)={(-1)}^{m+1}{\left({\mathrm{ce}}_{2m+1}^{\prime }(\frac{1}{2}\pi ,h^2)\right)}^{-1}\coth z\sum _{\mathrm{\ell }=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}(2\mathrm{\ell }+1)A_{2\mathrm{\ell }+1}^{2m+1}(h^2){𝒞}_{2\mathrm{\ell }+1}^{(j)}(2h\sinh z),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\mathrm{ce}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\coth z$: hyperbolic cotangent function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, ${\mathrm{Mc}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$: radial Mathieu function, $m$: integer, $h$: parameter, $j$: integer, $z$: complex variable, ${𝒞}_{\mu }^{(j)}$: cylinder functions and $A_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.23.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.23 and Ch.28

… ►

28.23.11 $${\mathrm{Ms}}_{2m+1}^{(j)}(z,h)={(-1)}^m{\left({\mathrm{se}}_{2m+1}(\frac{1}{2}\pi ,h^2)\right)}^{-1}\sum _{\mathrm{\ell }=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{B}_{2\mathrm{\ell }+1}^{2m+1}(h^2){𝒞}_{2\mathrm{\ell }+1}^{(j)}(2h\sinh z),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\mathrm{se}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, ${\mathrm{Ms}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$: radial Mathieu function, $m$: integer, $h$: parameter, $j$: integer, $z$: complex variable, ${𝒞}_{\mu }^{(j)}$: cylinder functions and $B_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

A&S Ref:

20.6.13

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.23.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.23 and Ch.28

… ►

28.23.13 $${\mathrm{Ms}}_{2m+2}^{(j)}(z,h)={(-1)}^{m+1}{\left({\mathrm{se}}_{2m+2}^{\prime }(\frac{1}{2}\pi ,h^2)\right)}^{-1}\coth z\sum _{\mathrm{\ell }=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}(2\mathrm{\ell }+2)B_{2\mathrm{\ell }+2}^{2m+2}(h^2){𝒞}_{2\mathrm{\ell }+2}^{(j)}(2h\sinh z).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\mathrm{se}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\coth z$: hyperbolic cotangent function, $\sinh z$: hyperbolic sine function, ${\mathrm{Ms}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$: radial Mathieu function, $m$: integer, $h$: parameter, $j$: integer, $z$: complex variable, ${𝒞}_{\mu }^{(j)}$: cylinder functions and $B_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

Referenced by:

§28.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.23.E13

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §28.23 and Ch.28

… ►When $j=2,3,4$ the series in the even-numbered equations converge for $\mathrm{\Re }z>0$ and $|\cosh z|>1$, and the series in the odd-numbered equations converge for $\mathrm{\Re }z>0$ and $|\sinh z|>1$. …

19: 26.1 Special Notation

… ► ►►►

$x$	real variable.
$h,j,k,\mathrm{\ell },m,n$	nonnegative integers.
…

… ► ►►►►

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$	binomial coefficient.
…
$B\left(n\right)$	Bell number.
$C\left(n\right)$	Catalan number.
…

… ►Other notations for $s(n,k)$, the Stirling numbers of the first kind, include $S_n^{(k)}$ (Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 24), Fort (1948)), $S_n^k$ (Jordan (1939), Moser and Wyman (1958a)), $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n-1}{k-1}\right)B_{n-k}^{(n)}$ (Milne-Thomson (1933)), ${(-1)}^{n-k}{S}_1(n-1,n-k)$ (Carlitz (1960), Gould (1960)), ${(-1)}^{n-k}\left[\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{k}\right]$ (Knuth (1992), Graham et al. (1994), Rosen et al. (2000)). ►Other notations for $S(n,k)$, the Stirling numbers of the second kind, include ${𝒮}_n^{(k)}$ (Fort (1948)), ${𝔖}_n^k$ (Jordan (1939)), ${\sigma }_n^k$ (Moser and Wyman (1958b)), $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{k}\right)B_{n-k}^{(-k)}$ (Milne-Thomson (1933)), $S_2(k,n-k)$ (Carlitz (1960), Gould (1960)), $\left\{\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{n}{k}\right\}$ (Knuth (1992), Graham et al. (1994), Rosen et al. (2000)), and also an unconventional symbol in Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 24).

20: 33.4 Recurrence Relations and Derivatives

… ►For $\mathrm{\ell }=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$, let …Then, with $X_{\mathrm{\ell }}$ denoting any of $F_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )$, $G_{\mathrm{\ell }}(\eta ,\rho )$, or $H_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\pm }(\eta ,\rho )$, ►

33.4.2 $$R_{\mathrm{\ell }}{X}_{\mathrm{\ell }-1}-T_{\mathrm{\ell }}{X}_{\mathrm{\ell }}+R_{\mathrm{\ell }+1}{X}_{\mathrm{\ell }+1}=0,$$ $\mathrm{\ell }\ge 1$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $R_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: factor, $T_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: factor and $X_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: any Coulomb function

A&S Ref:

14.2.3

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.4.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.4 and Ch.33

►

33.4.3 $$X_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\prime }=R_{\mathrm{\ell }}{X}_{\mathrm{\ell }-1}-S_{\mathrm{\ell }}{X}_{\mathrm{\ell }},$$ $\mathrm{\ell }\ge 1$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $R_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: factor, $S_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: factor and $X_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: any Coulomb function

A&S Ref:

14.2.1

Referenced by:

§33.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.4.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.4 and Ch.33

►

33.4.4 $$X_{\mathrm{\ell }}^{\prime }=S_{\mathrm{\ell }+1}{X}_{\mathrm{\ell }}-R_{\mathrm{\ell }+1}{X}_{\mathrm{\ell }+1},$$ $\mathrm{\ell }\ge 0$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\ell }$: nonnegative integer, $R_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: factor, $S_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: factor and $X_{\mathrm{\ell }}$: any Coulomb function

A&S Ref:

14.2.2

Referenced by:

§33.6

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/33.4.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §33.4 and Ch.33