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1: 27.17 Other Applications
Congruences are used in constructing perpetual calendars, splicing telephone cables, scheduling round-robin tournaments, devising systematic methods for storing computer files, and generating pseudorandom numbers. … …
2: 3.1 Arithmetics and Error Measures
Rounding
Then rounding by chopping or rounding down of x gives x , with maximum relative error ϵ M . Symmetric rounding or rounding to nearest of x gives x or x + , whichever is nearer to x , with maximum relative error equal to the machine precision 1 2 ϵ M = 2 p . Negative numbers x are rounded in the same way as x . … Interval arithmetic is intended for bounding the total effect of rounding errors of calculations with machine numbers. …
3: 8.26 Tables
  • Pearson (1965) tabulates the function I ( u , p ) ( = P ( p + 1 , u ) ) for p = 1 ( .05 ) 0 ( .1 ) 5 ( .2 ) 50 , u = 0 ( .1 ) u p to 7D, where I ( u , u p ) rounds off to 1 to 7D; also I ( u , p ) for p = 0.75 ( .01 ) 1 , u = 0 ( .1 ) 6 to 5D.

  • 4: Bibliography Z
  • A. Ziv (1991) Fast evaluation of elementary mathematical functions with correctly rounded last bit. ACM Trans. Math. Software 17 (3), pp. 410–423.
  • 5: DLMF Project News
    error generating summary
    6: Mathematical Introduction
    Another numerical convention is that decimals followed by dots are unrounded; without the dots they are rounded. …1416 (rounded). …
    7: 12.11 Zeros
    where the numerical coefficients have been rounded off. …
    8: 2.11 Remainder Terms; Stokes Phenomenon
    On rounding to 5D, we have q 1 ( π ) = 0.05318 , q 2 ( π ) = 0.04791 , q 3 ( π ) = 0.08985 . … Taking x = 5 and rounding to 5D, we obtain … We now compute the forward differences Δ j , j = 0 , 1 , 2 , , of the moduli of the rounded values of the first 6 neglected terms: …
    9: 3.2 Linear Algebra
    Because of rounding errors, the residual vector 𝐫 = 𝐛 𝐀 𝐱 is nonzero as a rule. …
    10: 3.6 Linear Difference Equations
    Unless exact arithmetic is being used, however, each step of the calculation introduces rounding errors. …