modified Mathieu equation

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1: 28.20 Definitions and Basic Properties

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§28.20(i) Modified Mathieu’s Equation

►When $z$ is replaced by $\pm \mathrm{i}z$, (28.2.1) becomes the modified Mathieu’s equation: ►

28.20.1 $$w^{\prime \prime }-\left(a-2q\cosh \left(2z\right)\right)w=0,$$

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $q=h^2$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution

A&S Ref:

20.1.2 (in slightly different form) 20.8.6

Referenced by:

§28.20(iii), §28.32(i), 1st item, 2nd item, item (b), §28.8(iv), §28.8(iv)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.20.E1

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Annotations for §28.20(i), §28.20 and Ch.28

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28.20.2 $$({\zeta }^2-1)w^{\prime \prime }+\zeta w^{\prime }+\left(4q{\zeta }^2-2q-a\right)w=0,$$ $\zeta =\cosh z$.

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Symbols:

$\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, $q=h^2$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $a$: parameter and $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution

Referenced by:

§28.20(iii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.20.E2

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Annotations for §28.20(i), §28.20 and Ch.28

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28.20.6 $${\mathrm{Fe}}_n(z,q)=\mp \mathrm{i}{\mathrm{fe}}_n(\pm \mathrm{i}z,q),$$ $n=0,1,\mathrm{\dots }$,

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Defines:

${\mathrm{Fe}}_n(z,q)$: modified Mathieu function

Symbols:

${\mathrm{fe}}_n(z,q)$: second solution, Mathieu’s equation, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $q=h^2$: parameter, $n$: integer and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

20.6.1 (in slightly different form) 20.6.2 (in slightly different form)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.20.E6

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Annotations for §28.20(ii), §28.20 and Ch.28

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2: 28.8 Asymptotic Expansions for Large $q$

… ►Barrett (1981) supplies asymptotic approximations for numerically satisfactory pairs of solutions of both Mathieu’s equation (28.2.1) and the modified Mathieu equation (28.20.1). …

3: 28.32 Mathematical Applications

… ►The separated solutions $V(\xi ,\eta )=v(\xi )w(\eta )$ can be obtained from the modified Mathieu’s equation (28.20.1) for $v$ and from Mathieu’s equation (28.2.1) for $w$, where $a$ is the separation constant and $q=\frac{1}{4}{c}^2{k}^2$. …

4: 28.35 Tables

§28.35 Tables

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Blanch and Clemm (1969) includes eigenvalues $a_n\left(q\right)$, $b_n\left(q\right)$ for $q=\rho {\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\varphi }$, $\rho =0(.5)25$, $\varphi =5^{\circ }(5^{\circ }){90}^{\circ }$, $n=0(1)15$; 4D. Also $a_n\left(q\right)$ and $b_n\left(q\right)$ for $q=\mathrm{i}\rho$, $\rho =0(.5)100$, $n=0(2)14$ and $n=2(2)16$, respectively; 8D. Double points for $n=0(1)15$; 8D. Graphs are included.

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5: 28.1 Special Notation

… ►The main functions treated in this chapter are the Mathieu functions …and the modified Mathieu functions …The functions ${\mathrm{Mc}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$ and ${\mathrm{Ms}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$ are also known as the radial Mathieu functions. ►The eigenvalues of Mathieu’s equation are denoted by … ►The radial functions ${\mathrm{Mc}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$ and ${\mathrm{Ms}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$ are denoted by ${\mathrm{Mc}}_n^{(j)}(z,q)$ and ${\mathrm{Ms}}_n^{(j)}(z,q)$, respectively.

6: 28.33 Physical Applications

§28.33 Physical Applications

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McLachlan (1947, Chapters XVI–XIX) for applications of the wave equation to vibrational systems, electrical and thermal diffusion, electromagnetic wave guides, elliptical cylinders in viscous fluids, and diffraction of sound and electromagnetic waves.

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§28.33(iii) Stability and Initial-Value Problems

… ►Hence from §28.17 the corresponding Mathieu equation is stable or unstable according as $(q,a)$ is in the intersection of $ℒ$ with the colored or the uncolored open regions depicted in Figure 28.17.1. … ►

Torres-Vega et al. (1998) for Mathieu functions in phase space.

7: 28.28 Integrals, Integral Representations, and Integral Equations

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§28.28(i) Equations with Elementary Kernels

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28.28.2 $$\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_0^{2\pi }{\mathrm{e}}^{2\mathrm{i}hw}{\mathrm{ce}}_n(t,h^2)dt={\mathrm{i}}^n{\mathrm{ce}}_n(\alpha ,h^2){\mathrm{Mc}}_n^{(1)}(z,h),$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{ce}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, ${\mathrm{Mc}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$: radial Mathieu function, $h$: parameter, $n$: integer, $z$: complex variable, $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution and $\alpha$: parameter

A&S Ref:

20.7.34 20.7.35 20.7.36 20.7.37

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.28.E2

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Annotations for §28.28(i), §28.28 and Ch.28

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28.28.3 $$\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_0^{2\pi }{\mathrm{e}}^{2\mathrm{i}hw}{\mathrm{se}}_n(t,h^2)dt={\mathrm{i}}^n{\mathrm{se}}_n(\alpha ,h^2){\mathrm{Ms}}_n^{(1)}(z,h),$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{se}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, ${\mathrm{Ms}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$: radial Mathieu function, $h$: parameter, $n$: integer, $z$: complex variable, $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution and $\alpha$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.28.E3

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Annotations for §28.28(i), §28.28 and Ch.28

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28.28.7 $$\frac{1}{\pi }{\int }_{{ℒ}_j}{\mathrm{e}}^{2\mathrm{i}hw}{\mathrm{me}}_{\nu }(t,h^2)dt={\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\nu \pi /2}{\mathrm{me}}_{\nu }(\alpha ,h^2){\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(j)}(z,h),$$ $j=3,4$,

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{me}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, ${\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(j)}(z,h)$: modified Mathieu function, $h$: parameter, $j$: integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution, $\alpha$: parameter and ${ℒ}_j$: integration paths

A&S Ref:

20.7.18 (in slightly different notation)

Referenced by:

§28.28(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.28.E7

Encodings:

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Annotations for §28.28(i), §28.28 and Ch.28

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28.28.9 $$\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_{{ℒ}_1}{\mathrm{e}}^{2\mathrm{i}hw}{\mathrm{me}}_{\nu }(t,h^2)dt={\mathrm{e}}^{\mathrm{i}\nu \pi /2}{\mathrm{me}}_{\nu }(\alpha ,h^2){\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(1)}(z,h).$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{me}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\int$: integral, ${\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(j)}(z,h)$: modified Mathieu function, $h$: parameter, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $w(z)$: Mathieu’s equation solution, $\alpha$: parameter and ${ℒ}_j$: integration paths

Referenced by:

§28.28(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.28.E9

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §28.28(i), §28.28 and Ch.28

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8: 28.34 Methods of Computation

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§28.34(i) Characteristic Exponents

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§28.34(ii) Eigenvalues

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Asymptotic approximations by zeros of orthogonal polynomials of increasing degree. See Volkmer (2008). This method also applies to eigenvalues of the Whittaker–Hill equation (§28.31(i)) and eigenvalues of Lamé functions (§29.3(i)).

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§28.34(iii) Floquet Solutions

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§28.34(iv) Modified Mathieu Functions

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9: 28.23 Expansions in Series of Bessel Functions

§28.23 Expansions in Series of Bessel Functions

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28.23.2 $${\mathrm{me}}_{\nu }(0,h^2){\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(j)}(z,h)=\sum _{n=-\mathrm{\infty }}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^n{c}_{2n}^{\nu }(h^2){𝒞}_{\nu +2n}^{(j)}(2h\cosh z),$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{me}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, ${\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(j)}(z,h)$: modified Mathieu function, $h$: parameter, $n$: integer, $j$: integer, $z$: complex variable, $\nu$: complex parameter, $c_{2m}(q)$: coefficients and ${𝒞}_{\mu }^{(j)}$: cylinder functions

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.23.E2

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Annotations for §28.23 and Ch.28

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28.23.6 $${\mathrm{Mc}}_{2m}^{(j)}(z,h)={(-1)}^m{\left({\mathrm{ce}}_{2m}(0,h^2)\right)}^{-1}\sum _{\mathrm{\ell }=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^{\mathrm{\ell }}{A}_{2\mathrm{\ell }}^{2m}(h^2){𝒞}_{2\mathrm{\ell }}^{(j)}(2h\cosh z),$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{ce}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, $\cosh z$: hyperbolic cosine function, ${\mathrm{Mc}}_n^{(j)}(z,h)$: radial Mathieu function, $m$: integer, $h$: parameter, $j$: integer, $z$: complex variable, ${𝒞}_{\mu }^{(j)}$: cylinder functions and $A_m(q)$: Fourier coefficient

A&S Ref:

20.6.12

Referenced by:

§28.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.23.E6

Encodings:

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Annotations for §28.23 and Ch.28

… ►When $j=2,3,4$ the series in the even-numbered equations converge for $\mathrm{\Re }z>0$ and $|\cosh z|>1$, and the series in the odd-numbered equations converge for $\mathrm{\Re }z>0$ and $|\sinh z|>1$. … ►

10: 28.22 Connection Formulas

§28.22 Connection Formulas

… ►The joining factors in the above formulas are given by … ►

28.22.13 $${\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(1)}(z,h)=\frac{{\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(1)}(0,h)}{{\mathrm{me}}_{\nu }(0,h^2)}{\mathrm{Me}}_{\nu }(z,h^2).$$

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Symbols:

${\mathrm{me}}_n(z,q)$: Mathieu function, ${\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(j)}(z,h)$: modified Mathieu function, ${\mathrm{Me}}_{\nu }(z,q)$: modified Mathieu function, $h$: parameter, $z$: complex variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/28.22.E13

Encodings:

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See also:

Annotations for §28.22(ii), §28.22 and Ch.28

►Here ${\mathrm{me}}_{\nu }(0,h^2)$ $(\ne 0)$ is given by (28.14.1) with $z=0$, and ${\mathrm{M}}_{\nu }^{(1)}(0,h)$ is given by (28.24.1) with $j=1$, $z=0$, and $n$ chosen so that $|c_{2n}^{\nu }(h^2)|=\max (|c_{2\mathrm{\ell }}^{\nu }(h^2)|)$, where the maximum is taken over all integers $\mathrm{\ell }$. … ►