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11: 9.16 Physical Applications

… ►The frequent appearances of the Airy functions in both classical and quantum physics is associated with wave equations with turning points, for which asymptotic (WKBJ) solutions are exponential on one side and oscillatory on the other. The Airy functions constitute uniform approximations whose region of validity includes the turning point and its neighborhood. … ►Again, the quest for asymptotic approximations that are uniformly valid solutions to this equation in the neighborhoods of critical points leads (after choosing solvable equations with similar asymptotic properties) to Airy functions. … ►The KdV equation and solitons have applications in many branches of physics, including plasma physics lattice dynamics, and quantum mechanics. … ►This reference provides several examples of applications to problems in quantum mechanics in which Airy functions give uniform asymptotic approximations, valid in the neighborhood of a turning point. …

12: 29.2 Differential Equations

… ►This equation has regular singularities at the points $2pK+(2q+1)\mathrm{i}{K}^{\prime }$, where $p,q\in \mathbb{Z}$, and $K$, $K^{\prime }$ are the complete elliptic integrals of the first kind with moduli $k$, $k^{\prime }(={(1-k^2)}^{1/2})$, respectively; see §19.2(ii). In general, at each singularity each solution of (29.2.1) has a branch point (§2.7(i)). … ►

29.2.9 $$\frac{d^{2}w}{{d\eta }^2}+(g-\nu (\nu +1)\mathrm{\wp }\left(\eta \right))w=0,$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $\frac{df}{dx}$: derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\nu$: real parameter, $g$ and $\eta$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.2.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.2(ii), §29.2 and Ch.29

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29.2.11 $$\zeta =\mathrm{\wp }(\eta ;g_2,g_3)=\mathrm{\wp }\left(\eta \right),$$

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Defines:

$\zeta$ (locally)

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$: Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ (= $\mathrm{\wp }\left(z|𝕃\right)$ = $\mathrm{\wp }(z;g_2,g_3)$): Weierstrass $\mathrm{\wp }$-function, $\eta$ , $g_2$ and $g_3$

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/29.2.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §29.2(ii), §29.2 and Ch.29

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13: Errata

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23.6.15 $$\frac{\sigma \left(u+{\omega }_j\right)}{\sigma \left({\omega }_j\right)}=\exp \left({\eta }_{j}u+\frac{{\eta }_1{u}^2}{2{\omega }_1}\right)\frac{{\theta }_{j+1}(z,q)}{{\theta }_{j+1}(0,q)},$$ $j=1,2,3$

The factor $\exp \left({\eta }_{j}u+\frac{{\eta }_j{u}^2}{2{\omega }_1}\right)$ has been corrected to be $\exp \left({\eta }_{j}u+\frac{{\eta }_1{u}^2}{2{\omega }_1}\right)$.

Reported by Jan Felipe van Diejen on 2021-02-10

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This subsection has been significantly updated. In particular, the following formulae have been corrected. Equation (19.25.35) has been replaced by

19.25.35 $$z+2\omega =\pm R_F(\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_1,\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_2,\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_3),$$

in which the left-hand side $z$ has been replaced by $z+2\omega$ for some $2\omega \in 𝕃$, and the right-hand side has been multiplied by $\pm 1$. Equation (19.25.37) has been replaced by

19.25.37 $$\zeta \left(z+2\omega \right)+(z+2\omega )\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)=\pm 2R_G(\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_1,\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_2,\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)-e_3),$$

in which the left-hand side $\zeta \left(z\right)+z\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ has been replaced by $\zeta \left(z+2\omega \right)+(z+2\omega )\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)$ and the right-hand side has been multiplied by $\pm 1$. Equation (19.25.39) has been replaced by

19.25.39 $$\zeta \left({\omega }_j\right)+{\omega }_j{e}_j=2R_G(0,e_j-e_k,e_j-e_{\mathrm{\ell }}),$$

in which the left-hand side ${\eta }_j$ was replaced by $\zeta \left({\omega }_j\right)$, for some $2{\omega }_j\in 𝕃$ and $\mathrm{\wp }\left({\omega }_j\right)=e_j$. Equation (19.25.40) has been replaced by

19.25.40 $$z+2\omega =\pm \sigma \left(z\right)R_F({\sigma }_1^2(z),{\sigma }_2^2(z),{\sigma }_3^2(z)),$$

in which the left-hand side $z$ has been replaced by $z+2\omega$, and the right-hand side was multiplied by $\pm 1$. For more details see §19.25(vi).

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In ¶IEEE Standard (in §3.1(i)), the description was modified to reflect the most recent IEEE 754-2019 Floating-Point Arithmetic Standard IEEE (2019). In the new standard, single, double and quad floating-point precisions are replaced with new standard names of binary32, binary64 and binary128. Figure 3.1.1 has been expanded to include the binary128 floating-point memory positions and the caption has been updated using the terminology of the 2019 standard. A sentence at the end of Subsection 3.1(ii) has been added referring readers to the IEEE Standards for Interval Arithmetic IEEE (2015, 2018).

Suggested by Nicola Torracca.

… ►

The Weierstrass lattice roots $e_j,$ were linked inadvertently as the base of the natural logarithm. In order to resolve this inconsistency, the lattice roots $e_j$, and lattice invariants $g_2$, $g_3$, now link to their respective definitions (see §§23.2(i), 23.3(i)).

Reported by Felix Ospald.

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23.2.4 $$\mathrm{\wp }\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{z^2}+\sum _{w\in 𝕃\setminus \{0\}}\left(\frac{1}{{(z-w)}^2}-\frac{1}{w^2}\right)$$

Originally the denominator ${(z-w)}^2$ was given incorrectly as $(z-w^2)$.

Reported 2012-02-16 by James D. Walker.

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