cosine integrals

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21: 7.2 Definitions

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7.2.7 $$C\left(z\right)={\int }_0^z\cos \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi t^2\right)dt,$$

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Defines:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral

Symbols:

$\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\int$: integral and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

7.3.1

Referenced by:

§7.5, §7.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.2.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.2(iii), §7.2 and Ch.7

… ► $ℱ\left(z\right)$, $C\left(z\right)$, and $S\left(z\right)$ are entire functions of $z$, as are $\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$ and $\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$ in the next subsection. … ►

$\underset{x\to \mathrm{\infty }}{lim}C\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2},$

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7.2.10 $$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)=\left(\frac{1}{2}-S\left(z\right)\right)\cos \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}-C\left(z\right)\right)\sin \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right),$$

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Defines:

$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals

Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\sin z$: sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

7.3.5

Referenced by:

§7.4, §7.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.2.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.2(iv), §7.2 and Ch.7

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7.2.11 $$\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)=\left(\frac{1}{2}-C\left(z\right)\right)\cos \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}-S\left(z\right)\right)\sin \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right).$$

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Defines:

$\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals

Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\sin z$: sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

7.3.6

Referenced by:

§7.4, §7.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.2.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.2(iv), §7.2 and Ch.7

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22: 7.5 Interrelations

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7.5.2 $$C\left(z\right)+\mathrm{i}S\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2}(1+\mathrm{i})-ℱ\left(z\right).$$

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Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $ℱ\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§7.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.5.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.5 and Ch.7

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7.5.3 $$C\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2}+\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)\sin \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right)-\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)\cos \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, $\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, $C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\sin z$: sine function and $z$: complex variable

A&S Ref:

7.3.9

Referenced by:

§7.12(ii), §7.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.5.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.5 and Ch.7

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7.5.6 $${\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \frac{1}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}{z}^2}(\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)\pm \mathrm{i}\mathrm{f}\left(z\right))=\frac{1}{2}(1\pm \mathrm{i})-(C\left(z\right)\pm \mathrm{i}S\left(z\right)).$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{f}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, $\mathrm{g}\left(z\right)$: auxiliary function for Fresnel integrals, $C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit and $z$: complex variable

Referenced by:

§7.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.5.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.5 and Ch.7

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7.5.8 $$C\left(z\right)\pm \mathrm{i}S\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2}(1\pm \mathrm{i})\mathrm{erf}\zeta .$$

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Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\mathrm{erf}z$: error function, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex variable and $\zeta$: change of variable

Referenced by:

§7.5, §7.5, §7.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.5.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.5 and Ch.7

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7.5.9 $$C\left(z\right)\pm \mathrm{i}S\left(z\right)=\frac{1}{2}(1\pm \mathrm{i})\left(1-{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \frac{1}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}{z}^2}w\left(\mathrm{i}\zeta \right)\right).$$

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Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $w\left(z\right)$: Faddeeva (or Faddeyeva) function, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $z$: complex variable and $\zeta$: change of variable

Referenced by:

§7.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.5.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.5 and Ch.7

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23: 7.1 Special Notation

… ►The main functions treated in this chapter are the error function $\mathrm{erf}z$; the complementary error functions $\mathrm{erfc}z$ and $w\left(z\right)$; Dawson’s integral $F\left(z\right)$; the Fresnel integrals $ℱ\left(z\right)$, $C\left(z\right)$, and $S\left(z\right)$; the Goodwin–Staton integral $G\left(z\right)$; the repeated integrals of the complementary error function ${\mathrm{i}}^n\mathrm{erfc}\left(z\right)$; the Voigt functions $𝖴(x,t)$ and $𝖵(x,t)$. ►Alternative notations are $Q(z)=\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{erfc}\left(z/\sqrt{2}\right)$, $P(z)=\mathrm{\Phi }(z)=\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{erfc}\left(-z/\sqrt{2}\right)$, $\mathrm{Erf}z=\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\pi }\mathrm{erf}z$, $\mathrm{Erfi}z={\mathrm{e}}^{z^2}F\left(z\right)$, $C_1(z)=C\left(\sqrt{2/\pi }z\right)$, $S_1(z)=S\left(\sqrt{2/\pi }z\right)$, $C_2(z)=C\left(\sqrt{2z/\pi }\right)$, $S_2(z)=S\left(\sqrt{2z/\pi }\right)$. …

24: 6 Exponential, Logarithmic, Sine, and
Cosine Integrals

Chapter 6 Exponential, Logarithmic, Sine, and Cosine Integrals

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25: 7.3 Graphics

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Figure 7.3.3: Fresnel integrals $C\left(x\right)$ and $S\left(x\right)$, $0\le x\le 4$. Magnify

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26: 7.20 Mathematical Applications

… ►Let the set $\{x(t),y(t),t\}$ be defined by $x(t)=C\left(t\right)$, $y(t)=S\left(t\right)$, $t\ge 0$. … ►

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Figure 7.20.1: Cornu’s spiral, formed from Fresnel integrals, is defined parametrically by $x=C\left(t\right)$, $y=S\left(t\right)$, $t\in [0,\mathrm{\infty })$. Magnify

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27: 10.15 Derivatives with Respect to Order

… ►For the notations $\mathrm{Ci}$ and $\mathrm{Si}$ see §6.2(ii). … ►

10.15.6 $${\frac{\partial J_{\nu }\left(x\right)}{\partial \nu }|}_{\nu =\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi x}}\left(\mathrm{Ci}\left(2x\right)\sin x-\mathrm{Si}\left(2x\right)\cos x\right),$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$: cosine integral, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $\sin z$: sine function, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral, $x$: real variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

10.1.41 (corrected)

Referenced by:

§10.15, §10.38, Ch.10

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.15.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.15, §10.15 and Ch.10

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10.15.7 $${\frac{\partial J_{\nu }\left(x\right)}{\partial \nu }|}_{\nu =-\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi x}}\left(\mathrm{Ci}\left(2x\right)\cos x+\mathrm{Si}\left(2x\right)\sin x\right),$$

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Symbols:

$J_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the first kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$: cosine integral, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $\sin z$: sine function, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral, $x$: real variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

10.1.42 (corrected)

Referenced by:

§10.15, §10.38

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.15.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.15, §10.15 and Ch.10

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10.15.8 $${\frac{\partial Y_{\nu }\left(x\right)}{\partial \nu }|}_{\nu =\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi x}}\left(\mathrm{Ci}\left(2x\right)\cos x+\left(\mathrm{Si}\left(2x\right)-\pi \right)\sin x\right),$$

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Symbols:

$Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$: cosine integral, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $\sin z$: sine function, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral, $x$: real variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

10.1.43 (corrected)

Referenced by:

§10.15

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.15.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.15, §10.15 and Ch.10

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10.15.9 $${\frac{\partial Y_{\nu }\left(x\right)}{\partial \nu }|}_{\nu =-\frac{1}{2}}=-\sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi x}}\left(\mathrm{Ci}\left(2x\right)\sin x-\left(\mathrm{Si}\left(2x\right)-\pi \right)\cos x\right).$$

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Symbols:

$Y_{\nu }\left(z\right)$: Bessel function of the second kind, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$: cosine integral, $\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}$: partial derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$ , $\partial x$: partial differential of $x$ , $\sin z$: sine function, $\mathrm{Si}\left(z\right)$: sine integral, $x$: real variable and $\nu$: complex parameter

A&S Ref:

10.1.44 (corrected)

Referenced by:

§10.15, Ch.10

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.15.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.15, §10.15 and Ch.10

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28: 6.6 Power Series

§6.6 Power Series

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6.6.6 $$\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)=\gamma +\ln z+\sum _{n=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n{z}^{2n}}{(2n)!(2n)}.$$

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Symbols:

$\gamma$: Euler’s constant, $\mathrm{Ci}\left(z\right)$: cosine integral, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function, $z$: complex variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

A&S Ref:

5.2.16

Referenced by:

§6.5

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/6.6.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §6.6 and Ch.6

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29: 7.23 Tables

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Abramowitz and Stegun (1964, Chapter 7) includes $\mathrm{erf}x$, $(2/\sqrt{\pi }){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2}$, $x\in [0,2]$, 10D; $(2/\sqrt{\pi }){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2}$, $x\in [2,10]$, 8S; $x{\mathrm{e}}^{x^2}\mathrm{erfc}x$, $x^{-2}\in [0,0.25]$, 7D; $2^n\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}n+1\right){\mathrm{i}}^n\mathrm{erfc}\left(x\right)$, $n=1(1)6,10,11$, $x\in [0,5]$, 6S; $F\left(x\right)$, $x\in [0,2]$, 10D; $xF\left(x\right)$, $x^{-2}\in [0,0.25]$, 9D; $C\left(x\right)$, $S\left(x\right)$, $x\in [0,5]$, 7D; $\mathrm{f}\left(x\right)$, $\mathrm{g}\left(x\right)$, $x\in [0,1]$, $x^{-1}\in [0,1]$, 15D.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, pp. 637, 639) includes $(2/\sqrt{\pi }){\mathrm{e}}^{-x^2}$, $\mathrm{erf}x$, $x=0(.02)1(.04)3$, 8D; $C\left(x\right)$, $S\left(x\right)$, $x=0(.2)10(2)100(100)500$, 8D.

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Zhang and Jin (1996, p. 642) includes the first 10 zeros of $\mathrm{erf}z$, 9D; the first 25 distinct zeros of $C\left(z\right)$ and $S\left(z\right)$, 8S.

30: 7.6 Series Expansions

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7.6.4 $$C\left(z\right)=\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n{(\frac{1}{2}\pi )}^{2n}}{(2n)!(4n+1)}{z}^{4n+1},$$

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Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $z$: complex variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

A&S Ref:

7.3.11

Referenced by:

§7.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.6.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.6(i), §7.6 and Ch.7

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7.6.5 $$C\left(z\right)=\cos \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right)\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n{\pi }^{2n}}{1\cdot 3\mathrm{\cdots }(4n+1)}{z}^{4n+1}+\sin \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right)\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n{\pi }^{2n+1}}{1\cdot 3\mathrm{\cdots }(4n+3)}{z}^{4n+3}.$$

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Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\sin z$: sine function, $z$: complex variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

A&S Ref:

7.3.12

Referenced by:

§11.10(vi), §7.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.6.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.6(i), §7.6 and Ch.7

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7.6.7 $$S\left(z\right)=-\cos \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right)\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n{\pi }^{2n+1}}{1\cdot 3\mathrm{\cdots }(4n+3)}{z}^{4n+3}+\sin \left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right)\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^n{\pi }^{2n}}{1\cdot 3\mathrm{\cdots }(4n+1)}{z}^{4n+1}.$$

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Symbols:

$S\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\cos z$: cosine function, $\sin z$: sine function, $z$: complex variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

A&S Ref:

7.3.14

Referenced by:

§11.10(vi), §7.6(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.6.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.6(i), §7.6 and Ch.7

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7.6.10 $$C\left(z\right)=z\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{𝗃}_{2n}\left(\frac{1}{2}\pi z^2\right),$$

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Symbols:

$C\left(z\right)$: Fresnel integral, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, ${𝗃}_n\left(z\right)$: spherical Bessel function of the first kind, $z$: complex variable and $n$: nonnegative integer

Referenced by:

§7.6(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/7.6.E10

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §7.6(ii), §7.6 and Ch.7

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