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21: 11.6 Asymptotic Expansions

… ►

§11.6(i) Large $|z|$, Fixed $\nu$

… ►where $\delta$ is an arbitrary small positive constant. If the series on the right-hand side of (11.6.1) is truncated after $m(\ge 0)$ terms, then the remainder term $R_m(z)$ is $O\left(z^{\nu -2m-1}\right)$. … ►For re-expansions of the remainder terms in (11.6.1) and (11.6.2), see Dingle (1973, p. 445). … ►where $\gamma$ is Euler’s constant (§5.2(ii)). …

22: 18.18 Sums

… ►See Andrews et al. (1999, Lemma 7.1.1) for the more general expansion of $P_n^{(\gamma ,\delta )}\left(x\right)$ in terms of $P_n^{(\alpha ,\beta )}\left(x\right)$. …

23: 14.23 Values on the Cut

… ►

14.23.2 $${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\pm \mathrm{i}0\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \mu \pi \mathrm{i}/2}}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu +\mu +1\right)}\left({𝖰}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\right)\mp \frac{1}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}{𝖯}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\right)\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, : Ferrers function of the first kind, : Ferrers function of the second kind, ${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: Olver’s associated Legendre function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $x$: real variable, $\mu$: general order and $\nu$: general degree

Referenced by:

§14.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.23.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.23 and Ch.14

►In terms of the hypergeometric function $𝐅$ (§14.3(i)) ►

14.23.3 $${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\pm \mathrm{i}0\right)=\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp \nu \pi \mathrm{i}/2}{\pi }^{3/2}{\left(1-x^2\right)}^{\mu /2}}{2^{\nu +1}}\left(\frac{x𝐅(\frac{1}{2}\mu -\frac{1}{2}\nu +\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\nu +\frac{1}{2}\mu +1;\frac{3}{2};x^2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}\nu -\frac{1}{2}\mu +\frac{1}{2}\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}\nu +\frac{1}{2}\mu +\frac{1}{2}\right)}\mp \mathrm{i}\frac{𝐅(\frac{1}{2}\mu -\frac{1}{2}\nu ,\frac{1}{2}\nu +\frac{1}{2}\mu +\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{2};x^2)}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}\nu -\frac{1}{2}\mu +1\right)\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\frac{1}{2}\nu +\frac{1}{2}\mu +1\right)}\right).$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: Olver’s associated Legendre function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $𝐅(a,b;c;z)$ or $𝐅(\genfrac{}{}{0pt}{}{a,b}{c};z)$: $={}_2{}^{}𝐅_1^{}(a,b;c;z)$ Olver’s hypergeometric function, $x$: real variable, $\mu$: general order and $\nu$: general degree

Referenced by:

§14.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.23.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.23 and Ch.14

… ►

14.23.5 $${𝖰}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu +\mu +1\right)\left({\mathrm{e}}^{-\mu \pi \mathrm{i}/2}{𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x+\mathrm{i}0\right)+{\mathrm{e}}^{\mu \pi \mathrm{i}/2}{𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x-\mathrm{i}0\right)\right),$$

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Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, : Ferrers function of the second kind, ${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: Olver’s associated Legendre function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $x$: real variable, $\mu$: general order and $\nu$: general degree

A&S Ref:

8.3.4 (modified)

Referenced by:

§14.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.23.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.23 and Ch.14

… ►

14.23.6 $${𝖰}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\right)={\mathrm{e}}^{\mp \mu \pi \mathrm{i}/2}\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\nu +\mu +1\right){𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\pm \mathrm{i}0\right)\pm \frac{1}{2}\pi \mathrm{i}{\mathrm{e}}^{\pm \mu \pi \mathrm{i}/2}{P}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(x\pm \mathrm{i}0\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, : Ferrers function of the second kind, $P_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: associated Legendre function of the first kind, ${𝑸}_{\nu }^{\mu }\left(z\right)$: Olver’s associated Legendre function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $x$: real variable, $\mu$: general order and $\nu$: general degree

Referenced by:

§14.23, §14.23

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/14.23.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §14.23 and Ch.14

…

24: 32.10 Special Function Solutions

… ► ${\text{P}}_{\text{II}}$ has solutions expressible in terms of Airy functions (§9.2) iff … ► ${\text{P}}_{\text{III}}$ then has solutions expressible in terms of Bessel functions (§10.2) iff … ► ${\text{P}}_{\text{IV}}$ has solutions expressible in terms of parabolic cylinder functions (§12.2) iff either … ► ${\text{P}}_{\text{V}}$ then has solutions expressible in terms of Whittaker functions (§13.14(i)), iff … ► ${\text{P}}_{\text{VI}}$ has solutions expressible in terms of hypergeometric functions (§15.2(i)) iff …

25: 31.10 Integral Equations and Representations

… ►Fuchs–Frobenius solutions $W_m(z)={\tilde{\kappa }}_m{z}^{-\alpha }H\mathrm{\ell }(1/a,q_m;\alpha ,\alpha -\gamma +1,\alpha -\beta +1,\delta ;1/z)$ are represented in terms of Heun functions $w_m(z)=(0,1){\mathrm{𝐻𝑓}}_m(a,q_m;\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,\delta ;z)$ by (31.10.1) with $W(z)=W_m(z)$, $w(z)=w_m(z)$, and with kernel chosen from …

26: 8.20 Asymptotic Expansions of $E_p\left(z\right)$

… ►

8.20.2 $$E_p\left(z\right)\sim \frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}}{z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{(-1)}^k\frac{{\left(p\right)}_k}{z^k},$$ $|\mathrm{ph}z|\le \frac{3}{2}\pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_p\left(z\right)$: generalized exponential integral, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $p$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer and $\delta$: small positive constant

Referenced by:

§8.20(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.20.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.20(i), §8.20 and Ch.8

… ►

8.20.3 $$E_p\left(z\right)\sim \pm \frac{2\pi \mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(p\right)}{\mathrm{e}}^{\mp p\pi \mathrm{i}}{z}^{p-1}+\frac{{\mathrm{e}}^{-z}}{z}\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{(-1)}^k{\left(p\right)}_k}{z^k},$$ $\frac{1}{2}\pi +\delta \le \pm \mathrm{ph}z\le \frac{7}{2}\pi -\delta$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\sim$: Poincaré asymptotic expansion, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $E_p\left(z\right)$: generalized exponential integral, $\mathrm{i}$: imaginary unit, $\mathrm{ph}$: phase, $z$: complex variable, $p$: parameter, $k$: nonnegative integer and $\delta$: small positive constant

Referenced by:

§2.11(ii), §8.20(i)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.20.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.20(i), §8.20 and Ch.8

► $\delta$ again denoting an arbitrary small positive constant. Where the sectors of validity of (8.20.2) and (8.20.3) overlap the contribution of the first term on the right-hand side of (8.20.3) is exponentially small compared to the other contribution; compare §2.11(ii). …

27: 10.46 Generalized and Incomplete Bessel Functions; Mittag-Leffler Function

… ►

10.46.1 $$\varphi (\rho ,\beta ;z)=\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{z^k}{k!\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(\rho k+\beta \right)},$$ $\rho >-1$.

ⓘ

Defines:

$\varphi (\rho ,\beta ;z)$: generalized Bessel function

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $k$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.46.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.46 and Ch.10

… ►The Laplace transform of $\varphi (\rho ,\beta ;z)$ can be expressed in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function: ►

10.46.3 $$E_{a,b}\left(z\right)=\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{z^k}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(ak+b\right)},$$ $a>0$.

ⓘ

Defines:

$E_{a,b}\left(z\right)$: Mittag-Leffler function

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $k$: nonnegative integer and $z$: complex variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/10.46.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §10.46 and Ch.10

…

28: 25.8 Sums

… ►

25.8.3 $$\sum _{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(s\right)}_k\zeta \left(s+k\right)}{k!2^{s+k}}=(1-2^{-s})\zeta \left(s\right),$$ $s\ne 1$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, ${\left(a\right)}_n$: Pochhammer’s symbol (or shifted factorial), $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $k$: nonnegative integer and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

infinite series

Source:

Srivastava (1988, (2.6), p. 131); with $k=0$ term

Referenced by:

§25.11(iv), Erratum (V1.0.9) for Chapters 7, 25

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.8.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Notational Change (effective with 1.0.9):

We have rewritten the original summation ${\sum }_{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s+k\right)\zeta \left(s+k\right)}{k!\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s\right)2^{s+k}}$ more concisely as ${\sum }_{k=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{{\left(s\right)}_k\zeta \left(s+k\right)}{k!2^{s+k}}$ using the Pochhammer symbol.

See also:

Annotations for §25.8 and Ch.25

…

29: 8.22 Mathematical Applications

… ►

8.22.1 $$F_p\left(z\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(p\right)}{2\pi }{z}^{1-p}{E}_p\left(z\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(p\right)}{2\pi }\mathrm{\Gamma }(1-p,z),$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $E_p\left(z\right)$: generalized exponential integral, $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$: incomplete gamma function, $F_p\left(z\right)$: terminant function, $z$: complex variable and $p$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.22.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.22(i), §8.22 and Ch.8

►plays a fundamental role in re-expansions of remainder terms in asymptotic expansions, including exponentially-improved expansions and a smooth interpretation of the Stokes phenomenon. … ►The function $\mathrm{\Gamma }(a,z)$, with $|\mathrm{ph}a|\le \frac{1}{2}\pi$ and $\mathrm{ph}z=\frac{1}{2}\pi$, has an intimate connection with the Riemann zeta function $\zeta \left(s\right)$ (§25.2(i)) on the critical line $\mathrm{\Re }s=\frac{1}{2}$. … ►

8.22.2 $${\zeta }_x(s)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s\right)}{\int }_0^x\frac{t^{s-1}}{{\mathrm{e}}^t-1}dt,$$ $\mathrm{\Re }s>1$,

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Defines:

${\zeta }_x(s)$: incomplete Riemann zeta function (locally)

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part and $x$: real variable

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/8.22.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §8.22(ii), §8.22 and Ch.8

…

30: 25.12 Polylogarithms

… ►

25.12.11 $${\mathrm{Li}}_s\left(z\right)\equiv \frac{z}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s\right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{x^{s-1}}{{\mathrm{e}}^x-z}dx,$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\equiv$: equals by definition, $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, ${\mathrm{Li}}_s\left(z\right)$: polylogarithm, $x$: real variable, $s$: complex variable and $z$: complex variable

Keywords:

improper integral, integral representation

Source:

Lewin (1981, (7.188), p. 236)

Referenced by:

(25.12.16), §25.12(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.12.E11

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.12(ii), §25.12(ii), §25.12 and Ch.25

… ►

25.12.14 $$F_s(x)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s+1\right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{t^s}{{\mathrm{e}}^{t-x}+1}dt,$$ $s>-1$,

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Defines:

$F_s(x)$: Fermi–Dirac integral (locally)

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $x$: real variable and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

definition, Fermi–Dirac integral, improper integral, integral representation

Source:

Dingle (1957b, (1), p. 226)

Referenced by:

(25.12.16), 3rd item, 5th item

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.12.E14

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.12(iii), §25.12 and Ch.25

►

25.12.15 $$G_s(x)=\frac{1}{\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s+1\right)}{\int }_0^{\mathrm{\infty }}\frac{t^s}{{\mathrm{e}}^{t-x}-1}dt,$$ $s>-1$, ; or $s>0$, $x\le 0$,

ⓘ

Defines:

$G_s(x)$: Bose–Einstein integral (locally)

Symbols:

$\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(z\right)$: gamma function, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\mathrm{e}$: base of natural logarithm, $\int$: integral, $x$: real variable and $s$: complex variable

Keywords:

Bose–Einstein integral, definition, improper integral, integral representation

Source:

Dingle (1957a, p. 240)

Referenced by:

(25.12.16)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.12.E15

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.12(iii), §25.12 and Ch.25

… ►Sometimes the factor $1/\mathrm{\Gamma }\left(s+1\right)$ is omitted. … ►In terms of polylogarithms …