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21: 27.18 Methods of Computation: Primes

§27.18 Methods of Computation: Primes

►An overview of methods for precise counting of the number of primes not exceeding an arbitrary integer $x$ is given in Crandall and Pomerance (2005, §3.7). …An analytic approach using a contour integral of the Riemann zeta function (§25.2(i)) is discussed in Borwein et al. (2000). … ►These algorithms are used for testing primality of Mersenne numbers, $2^n-1$, and Fermat numbers, $2^{2^n}+1$. …

22: 26.12 Plane Partitions

… ► … ►Then the number of plane partitions in $B(r,s,t)$ is … ►The number of symmetric plane partitions in $B(r,r,t)$ is … ►The number of cyclically symmetric plane partitions in $B(r,r,r)$ is … ►The number of descending plane partitions in $B(r,r,r)$ is …

23: 26.3 Lattice Paths: Binomial Coefficients

… ► $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$ is the number of ways of choosing $n$ objects from a collection of $m$ distinct objects without regard to order. $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m+n}{n}\right)$ is the number of lattice paths from $(0,0)$ to $(m,n)$. …The number of lattice paths from $(0,0)$ to $(m,n)$, $m\le n$, that stay on or above the line $y=x$ is $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m+n}{m}\right)-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m+n}{m-1}\right).$ … ►

Table 26.3.1: Binomial coefficients $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$.

► ►►►

$m$	$n$
	…
6	1	6	15	20	15	6	1
…

►

►

Table 26.3.2: Binomial coefficients $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m+n}{m}\right)$ for lattice paths.

► ►►►

$m$	$n$
	…
3	1	4	10	20	35	56	84	120	165
…

►

…

24: 25.6 Integer Arguments

… ►

§25.6(i) Function Values

… ►

25.6.2 $$\zeta \left(2n\right)=\frac{{(2\pi )}^{2n}}{2(2n)!}\left|B_{2n}\right|,$$ $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$) and $n$: nonnegative integer

Sources:

Magnus et al. (1966, p. 19); Apostol (1976, (22), p. 266)

A&S Ref:

23.2.16

Referenced by:

(25.11.21)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E2

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(i), §25.6 and Ch.25

►

25.6.3 $$\zeta \left(-n\right)=-\frac{B_{n+1}}{n+1},$$ $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function and $n$: nonnegative integer

Source:

Apostol (1976, (20), p. 266); with $n\ne 0$

A&S Ref:

23.2.15 (in slightly different form)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(i), §25.6 and Ch.25

… ►

25.6.15 $${\zeta }^{\prime }\left(2n\right)=\frac{{(-1)}^{n+1}{(2\pi )}^{2n}}{2(2n)!}\left(2n{\zeta }^{\prime }\left(1-2n\right)-(\psi \left(2n\right)-\ln \left(2\pi \right))B_{2n}\right).$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $n$: nonnegative integer

Source:

Miller and Adamchik (1998, (2), p. 202)

Referenced by:

(25.11.21)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.6.E15

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.6(ii), §25.6 and Ch.25

…

25: 25.11 Hurwitz Zeta Function

… ►

►►

Figure 25.11.1: Hurwitz zeta function $\zeta (x,a)$, $a$ = 0. …8, 1, $-20\le x\le 10$. … Magnify

… ►

25.11.23 $${\zeta }^{\prime }(1-2n,\frac{1}{3})=-\frac{\pi (9^n-1)B_{2n}}{8n\sqrt{3}(3^{2n-1}-1)}-\frac{B_{2n}\ln 3}{4n\cdot 3^{2n-1}}-\frac{{(-1)}^n{\psi }^{(2n-1)}\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)}{2\sqrt{3}{(6\pi )}^{2n-1}}-\frac{\left(3^{2n-1}-1\right){\zeta }^{\prime }\left(1-2n\right)}{2\cdot 3^{2n-1}},$$ $n=1,2,3,\mathrm{\dots }$.

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\pi$: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $\ln z$: principal branch of logarithm function and $n$: nonnegative integer

Keywords:

derivative

Source:

Miller and Adamchik (1998, (18), p. 205)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E23

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(vi), §25.11(vi), §25.11 and Ch.25

… ►

25.11.32 $${\int }_0^a{x}^n\psi \left(x\right)dx={(-1)}^{n-1}{\zeta }^{\prime }\left(-n\right)+{(-1)}^n{H}_n\frac{B_{n+1}}{n+1}-\sum _{k=0}^n{(-1)}^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{k}\right)H_k\frac{B_{k+1}(a)}{k+1}{a}^{n-k}+\sum _{k=0}^n{(-1)}^k\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{k}\right){\zeta }^{\prime }(-k,a)a^{n-k},$$ $n=1,2,\mathrm{\dots }$, $\mathrm{\Re }a>0$,

ⓘ

Symbols:

$B_n$: Bernoulli numbers, $\zeta (s,a)$: Hurwitz zeta function, $\zeta \left(s\right)$: Riemann zeta function, $\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $dx$: differential of $x$ , $\psi \left(z\right)$: psi (or digamma) function, $H_n$: harmonic number, $\int$: integral, $\mathrm{\Re }$: real part, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $x$: real variable, $a$: real or complex parameter and $h(n)$: harmonic number

Keywords:

definite integral, integral representation

Source:

Adamchik (1998, (17), p. 197)

Referenced by:

Erratum (V1.1.4) for Notation

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E32

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Notation (effective with 1.1.4):

The notation previously used for the harmonic number $h(n)$ (resp. $h(k)$) has been replaced to be $H_n$ (resp. $H_k$).

Suggested 2021-08-23 by Gergő Nemes

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(viii), §25.11 and Ch.25

►where $H_n$ are the harmonic numbers: ►

25.11.33 $$H_n=\sum _{k=1}^n{k}^{-1}.$$

ⓘ

Defines:

$H_n$: harmonic number

Symbols:

$k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $h(n)$: harmonic number

Keywords:

harmonic number

Source:

Knuth (1968, Section 1.2.7, p. 73)

Referenced by:

§25.11(viii), §25.16(ii), Erratum (V1.1.4) for Notation

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/25.11.E33

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Notation (effective with 1.1.4):

The notation previously used for the harmonic number $h(n)$ has been replaced to be $H_n$.

Suggested 2021-08-23 by Gergő Nemes

See also:

Annotations for §25.11(viii), §25.11 and Ch.25

…

26: Bibliography

… ►

Exact linearization of a Painlevé transcendent. Phys. Rev. Lett. 38 (20), pp. 1103–1106.

ⓘ

External Links:

Document, MathReview (Mark Adler)

Referenced by:

§32.11(ii), §32.13(i), §32.13(ii), §32.13(iii), §32.5.

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

On the degrees of irreducible factors of higher order Bernoulli polynomials. Acta Arith. 62 (4), pp. 329–342.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0065-1036, Pdf, MathReview (L. Skula), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.12(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

►

Congruences of $p$-adic integer order Bernoulli numbers. J. Number Theory 59 (2), pp. 374–388.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0022-314X, Document, MathReview (L. Skula), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§24.16(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Repeated integrals and derivatives of $K$ Bessel functions. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 20 (1), pp. 169–175.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0036-1410, Document, MathReview (A. Haimovici), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§10.43(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

A Centennial History of the Prime Number Theorem. In Number Theory, Trends Math., pp. 1–14.

ⓘ

External Links:

MathReview (Giovanni Coppola), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

(25.16.2), (25.16.4), §25.16(i), §25.16.

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

27: 26.7 Set Partitions: Bell Numbers

§26.7 Set Partitions: Bell Numbers

►

§26.7(i) Definitions

… ►

§26.7(ii) Generating Function

… ►

§26.7(iii) Recurrence Relation

… ►

§26.7(iv) Asymptotic Approximation

…

28: Bibliography N

… ►

The Development of Prime Number Theory: From Euclid to Hardy and Littlewood. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISBN 3-540-66289-8, MathReview (D. R. Heath-Brown), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§27.12.

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

On an integral transform involving a class of Mathieu functions. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 20 (6), pp. 1500–1513.

ⓘ

External Links:

ISSN 0036-1410, Document, MathReview (K. C. Gupta), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§28.26(ii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

Reduction and evaluation of elliptic integrals. Math. Comp. 20 (94), pp. 223–231.

ⓘ

External Links:

FullText, MathReview (I. A. Stegun), ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§19.37(iv).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

A table of integrals of the error functions. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards Sect B. 73B, pp. 1–20.

ⓘ

Notes:

See for additions and corrections same journal, Sect. B 75, 149–163 (1975)

External Links:

MathReview, ZentralBlatt

Referenced by:

§7.14(iii), §7.21, §7.7(iii).

Encodings:

BibTeX

… ►

ⓘ

Notes:

References and links to software for factorization and primality testing.

External Links:

Home Page

Referenced by:

6th item.

Encodings:

BibTeX

…

29: 26.8 Set Partitions: Stirling Numbers

§26.8 Set Partitions: Stirling Numbers

►

§26.8(i) Definitions

… ► … ►

§26.8(v) Identities

… ►

§26.8(vi) Relations to Bernoulli Numbers

…

30: 8 Incomplete Gamma and Related
Functions

…