Gaussian polynomials

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1: 26.21 Tables

… ►It also contains a table of Gaussian polynomials up to ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{12}{6}\right]}_q$. …

2: 26.9 Integer Partitions: Restricted Number and Part Size

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26.9.4 $${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right]}_q=\prod _{j=1}^n\frac{1-q^{m-n+j}}{1-q^j},$$ $n\ge 0$,

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Symbols:

${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $j$: nonnegative integer, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $q$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.9.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.9(ii), §26.9 and Ch.26

►is the Gaussian polynomial (or $q$-binomial coefficient); see also §§17.2(i)–17.2(ii). … ►

26.9.5 $$\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{p}_k\left(n\right)q^n=\prod _{j=1}^k\frac{1}{1-q^j}=1+\sum _{m=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{k+m-1}{m}\right]}_q{q}^m,$$

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Symbols:

$p_k\left(n\right)$: total number of partitions of $n$ into at most $k$ parts, ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $j$: nonnegative integer, $k$: nonnegative integer, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $q$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.9.E5

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.9(ii), §26.9 and Ch.26

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26.9.6 $$\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{p}_k(\le m,n)q^n={\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m+k}{k}\right]}_q.$$

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Symbols:

${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $p_k(\le m,n)$: number of partitions of $n$ into at most $k$ parts, each less than or equal to $m$ , $k$: nonnegative integer, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $q$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.9.E6

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.9(ii), §26.9 and Ch.26

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26.9.7 $$\sum _{m,n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{p}_k(\le m,n)x^k{q}^n=1+\sum _{k=1}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m+k}{k}\right]}_q{x}^k=\prod _{j=0}^m\frac{1}{1-x{q}^j}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $p_k(\le m,n)$: number of partitions of $n$ into at most $k$ parts, each less than or equal to $m$ , $x$: real variable, $j$: nonnegative integer, $k$: nonnegative integer, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $q$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.9.E7

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.9(ii), §26.9 and Ch.26

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3: 26.16 Multiset Permutations

… ►The $q$-multinomial coefficient is defined in terms of Gaussian polynomials (§26.9(ii)) by ►

26.16.1 $${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{a_1+a_2+\mathrm{\cdots }+a_n}{a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_n}\right]}_q=\prod _{k=1}^{n-1}{\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{a_k+a_{k+1}+\mathrm{\cdots }+a_n}{a_k}\right]}_q,$$

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Symbols:

${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{a_1+a_2+\mathrm{\cdots }+a_n}{a_1,a_2,\mathrm{\dots },a_n}\right]}_q$: $q$-multinomial coefficient, $k$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer, $a_j$: numbers and $q$: parameter

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.16.E1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.16 and Ch.26

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4: 17.2 Calculus

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17.2.27 $${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q=\frac{{(q;q)}_n}{{(q;q)}_m{(q;q)}_{n-m}}=\frac{{(q^{-n};q)}_m{(-1)}^m{q}^{nm-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{2}\right)}}{{(q;q)}_m},$$

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Defines:

${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial)

Symbols:

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, ${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.2.E27

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.2(ii), §17.2 and Ch.17

►

17.2.28 $$\underset{q\to 1}{lim}{\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q=\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right)=\frac{n!}{m!(n-m)!},$$

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Symbols:

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, $!$: factorial (as in $n!$), ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.2.E28

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.2(ii), §17.2 and Ch.17

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17.2.29 $${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m+n}{m}\right]}_q=\frac{{(q^{n+1};q)}_m}{{(q;q)}_m},$$

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Symbols:

${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.2.E29

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.2(ii), §17.2 and Ch.17

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17.2.30 $${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{-n}{m}\right]}_q={\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m+n-1}{m}\right]}_q{(-1)}^m{q}^{-mn-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{2}\right)},$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.2.E30

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.2(ii), §17.2 and Ch.17

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17.2.31 $${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q={\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n-1}{m-1}\right]}_q+q^m{\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n-1}{m}\right]}_q,$$

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Symbols:

${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $q$: complex base, $m$: nonnegative integer and $n$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.2.E31

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.2(ii), §17.2 and Ch.17

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5: 17.3 $q$-Elementary and $q$-Special Functions

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17.3.8 $$A_{m,s}\left(q\right)=q^{\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s-m}{2}\right)+\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s}{2}\right)}\sum _{j=0}^s{(-1)}^j{q}^{\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{j}{2}\right)}{\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m+1}{j}\right]}_q\frac{{(1-q^{s-j})}^m}{{(1-q)}^m}.$$

ⓘ

Defines:

$A_{m,s}\left(q\right)$: $q$-Euler number

Symbols:

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $q$: complex base, $j$: nonnegative integer, $m$: nonnegative integer and $s$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.3.E8

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.3(iii), §17.3(iii), §17.3 and Ch.17

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17.3.9 $$a_{m,s}\left(q\right)=\frac{q^{-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s}{2}\right)}{(1-q)}^s}{{(q;q)}_s}\sum _{j=0}^s{(-1)}^j{q}^{\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{j}{2}\right)}{\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{s}{j}\right]}_q\frac{{(1-q^{s-j})}^m}{{(1-q)}^m}.$$

ⓘ

Defines:

$a_{m,s}\left(q\right)$: $q$-Stirling number

Symbols:

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$: binomial coefficient, ${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $q$: complex base, $j$: nonnegative integer, $m$: nonnegative integer and $s$: nonnegative integer

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/17.3.E9

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §17.3(iii), §17.3(iii), §17.3 and Ch.17

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6: 26.1 Special Notation

… ► ►►►

$\left(\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right)$	binomial coefficient.
…
${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{m}{n}\right]}_q$	Gaussian polynomial.
…

…

7: 26.10 Integer Partitions: Other Restrictions

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26.10.3 $$(1-x)\sum _{m,n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{p}_m(\le k,𝒟,n)x^m{q}^n=\sum _{m=0}^k{\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{k}{m}\right]}_q{q}^{m(m+1)/2}{x}^m=\prod _{j=1}^k(1+x{q}^j),$$ ,

ⓘ

Symbols:

${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $p_k(\le m,n)$: number of partitions of $n$ into at most $k$ parts, each less than or equal to $m$ , $x$: real variable, $j$: nonnegative integer, $k$: nonnegative integer, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $q$: parameter

Referenced by:

§26.10(ii)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/26.10.E3

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

See also:

Annotations for §26.10(ii), §26.10 and Ch.26

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8: 37.20 Mathematical Applications

… ►For the unit ball and the simplex, these quantities can be written as an one-variable integral involving the Jacobi polynomials. … ►Hermite polynomials on ${ℝ}^d$ (see §37.17) are closely related to the $d$-dimensional harmonic oscillator, see for instance Aquilanti et al. (1997). Complex circular Hermite polynomials (see §37.6(i)) are also used in the physics models, see the references in (Ismail, 2016, §1). … ►The nodes of these cubature rules are closely related to common zeros of OPs and they are often good points for polynomial interpolation. Although Gaussian cubature rules rarely exist and they do not exist for centrally symmetric domains, minimal or near minimal cubature rules on the unit square are known and provide efficient numerical integration rules. …

9: 18.27 $q$-Hahn Class

… ►

18.27.4 $$\sum _{y=0}^N{Q}_n(q^{-y})Q_m(q^{-y}){\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{N}{y}\right]}_q\frac{{(\alpha q;q)}_y{(\beta q;q)}_{N-y}}{{\left(\alpha q\right)}^y}=h_n{\delta }_{n,m},$$ $n,m=0,1,\mathrm{\dots },N$,

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Symbols:

${\delta }_{j,k}$: Kronecker delta, ${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $y$: real variable, $N$: positive integer, $q$: real variable, $m$: nonnegative integer, $n$: nonnegative integer and $h_n$

Notes:

This is Ismail (2009, (18.5.2)) but the presentation has been simplified.

Referenced by:

§18.27(ii), Erratum (V1.2.0) for Equation (18.27.4)

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.27.E4

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Correction (effective with 1.1.2):

$q$-Pochhammer symbols now link to their definition.

See also:

Annotations for §18.27(ii), §18.27 and Ch.18

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18.27.4_1 $$h_n=\frac{{\left(\alpha q\right)}^{nN}}{1-\alpha \beta q^{2n+1}}\frac{{(\alpha \beta q^{n+1};q)}_{N+1}{(\beta q;q)}_n}{{\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{N}{n}\right]}_q{(\alpha q;q)}_n}.$$

ⓘ

Symbols:

${(a;q)}_n$: $q$-Pochhammer symbol (or $q$-shifted factorial), ${\left[\genfrac{}{}{0.0pt}{}{n}{m}\right]}_q$: $q$-binomial coefficient (or Gaussian polynomial), $N$: positive integer, $q$: real variable, $n$: nonnegative integer and $h_n$

Referenced by:

§18.27(ii), Erratum (V1.2.0) §18.27

Permalink:

http://dlmf.nist.gov/18.27.E4_1

Encodings:

pMML, png, TeX

Addition (effective with 1.2.0):

This equation was added.

See also:

Annotations for §18.27(ii), §18.27 and Ch.18

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10: 35.1 Special Notation

… ►Related notations for the Bessel functions are ${𝒥}_{\nu +\frac{1}{2}(m+1)}(𝐓)=A_{\nu }\left(𝐓\right)/A_{\nu }\left(𝟎\right)$ (Faraut and Korányi (1994, pp. 320–329)), $K_m(0,\mathrm{\dots },0,\nu |𝐒,𝐓)={\left|𝐓\right|}^{\nu }{B}_{\nu }\left(𝐒𝐓\right)$ (Terras (1988, pp. 49–64)), and ${𝒦}_{\nu }(𝐓)={\left|𝐓\right|}^{\nu }{B}_{\nu }\left(𝐒𝐓\right)$ (Faraut and Korányi (1994, pp. 357–358)).